Michael Bergman, M.D.

Preface prediabetes and diabetes prevention
Bergman, Michael
2011 Mar;95(2):xi-xiii, Medical clinics of North America
— id: 122530, year: 2011, vol: 95, page: xi, stat: Journal Article,

Definition of prediabetes
Buysschaert, Martin; Bergman, Michael
2011 Mar;95(2):289-297, Medical clinics of North America
Diabetes evolves through prediabetes, defined as impaired fasting glucose (IFG) and/or impaired glucose tolerance (IGT). Subjects with IFG/IGT have an increased risk of developing diabetes and a higher prevalence of cardiovascular disease than normoglycemic individuals. However, there is considerable evidence that glucose levels lower than those meeting the current definition of prediabetes may also be associated with similar concerns, particularly in high-risk individuals in accordance with a continuous glycemic risk perspective. Therefore, an absolute definition of prediabetes may underestimate the implications and vastness of this disorder. Research should focus on these aspects to minimize the risk of developing a preventable condition
— id: 122529, year: 2011, vol: 95, page: 289, stat: Journal Article,

Inadequacies of absolute threshold levels for diagnosing prediabetes
Bergman, Michael
2010 Jan 25;26(1):3-6, Diabetes/metabolism research & reviews
Prediabetes comprising Impaired Fasting Glucose (IFG) and Impaired Glucose Tolerance (IGT) represents an intermediate stage of altered glucose metabolism between normal glucose levels and type 2 diabetes mellitus and is associated with an increased risk for the development of diabetes and cardiovascular disease. There is considerable evidence that glucose levels lower than those meeting the current definition of prediabetes may also be associated with similar risks particularly in high-risk individuals. Prediabetes is often unrecognized and therefore constitutes a major public health concern suggesting the need for earlier intervention than is currently recommended.
— id: 106298, year: 2010, vol: 26, page: 3, stat: Journal Article,

A Review of prediabetes and implications of current threshold levels
Bergman M.
2009 ;128(3):S15-S24, Louvain Medical
— id: 97805, year: 2009, vol: 128, page: S15, stat: Journal Article,

A multinational study of the effects of low-dose pravastatin in patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and hypercholesterolemia. Pravastatin Multinational Study Group for Diabetes
Behounek, B D; McGovern, M E; Kassler-Taub, K B; Markowitz, J S; Bergman, M
1994 Oct;17(10):558-562, Clinical cardiology
This multinational, 16-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study evaluated the efficacy and safety of low-dose pravastatin in 325 patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM) and hypercholesterolemia [serum total cholesterol concentrations of 5.2-7.8 mmol/l (200 to 300 mg/dl)]. Patients were randomized to receive pravastatin 10 mg or matching placebo with doubling of the dose after 8 weeks if predefined target levels for total cholesterol [(i.e., < 5.2 mmol/l (200 mg/dl) or > 15% decrease from baseline] had not been achieved. At Week 16, pravastatin-treated patients showed a 21.4% decrease in serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) and a 13.5% reduction in serum total cholesterol (TC) concentrations (p < 0.001 compared with placebo). Levels of triglycerides (TG) were reduced 9.6% during pravastatin treatment (p < 0.05 compared with placebo) while high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) levels were increased 4.4% (p = NS). Adverse events and laboratory test abnormalities were similar among patients treated with pravastatin or placebo. Glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1C) levels remained unchanged. The results of this study demonstrate that low-dose pravastatin is effective and well tolerated for lowering elevated cholesterol concentrations during short-term treatment of patients with NIDDM and hypercholesterolemia
— id: 70905, year: 1994, vol: 17, page: 558, stat: Journal Article,

Effects of pravastatin in patients with serum total cholesterol levels from 5.2 to 7.8 mmol/liter (200 to 300 mg/dl) plus two additional atherosclerotic risk factors. The Pravastatin Multinational Study Group for Cardiac Risk Patients
Pravastatin Multinational Study Group; Bergman, Michael
1993 Nov 1;72(14):1031-1037, American journal of cardiology
This placebo-controlled, multinational study evaluated the use of pravastatin in 1,062 patients with hypercholesterolemia (serum total cholesterol concentrations of 5.2 to 7.8 mmol/liter [200 to 300 mg/dl]) and > or = 2 additional risk factors for atherosclerotic coronary artery disease. Efficacy and safety analyses were performed on the initial 26-week, randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled period; further safety analyses were conducted on the subsequent 52 weeks, which included an additional 26-week double-blind phase permitting other lipid-lowering agents and a final 26-week open-label period. At offweeks, pravastatin at a dose of 20 mg once daily at bedtime significantly lowered serum low-density lipoprotein cholesterol 26% (4.7 to 3.5 mmol/liter [182 to 135 mg/dl]), total cholesterol 19% (6.8 to 5.6 mmol/liter [263 to 217 mg/dl]) and triglycerides 12% (1.8 to 1.6 mmol/liter [159 to 142 mg/dl]) (p < 0.001 compared with placebo) and significantly raised serum high-density lipoprotein cholesterol 7% (1.1 to 1.2 mmol/liter [43 to 46 mg/dl]) (p < 0.001 compared with placebo). Efficacy of pravastatin was maintained at 26 weeks, and during this initial period there were significantly more serious cardiovascular adverse events in the placebo group (13 events, 2.4%) than in the pravastatin group (1 event, 0.2%) (p < 0.001). Six myocardial infarctions, 5 cases of unstable angina and 1 sudden cardiac death occurred in the placebo group, compared with none of these events in the pravastatin group. In this study, pravastatin produced beneficial effects on serum lipids and was associated with a reduction in the incidence of serious cardiovascular adverse events
— id: 70883, year: 1993, vol: 72, page: 1031, stat: Journal Article,

Pravastatin and gemfibrozil alone and in combination for the treatment of hypercholesterolemia
Wiklund, O; Angelin, B; Bergman, M; Berglund, L; Bondjers, G; Carlsson, A; Linden, T; Miettinen, T; Odman, B; Olofsson, S O
1993 Jan;94(1):13-20, American journal of medicine
PURPOSE: To compare the efficacy and safety of pravastatin, gemfibrozil, combined therapy, and placebo in the treatment of hypercholesterolemia. PATIENTS AND METHODS: At 5 centers in Sweden and 2 in Finland, 290 ambulatory patients were randomized to active treatment or placebo for 12 weeks following a single-blind placebo lead-in period. The study was double-blind and placebo-controlled. Patients has plasma total cholesterol levels of at least 6.0 mmol/L or in the 90th percentile by age and sex and triglycerides less than 4.0 mmol/L. Concentrations of lipids, lipoproteins, and apolipoproteins were measured, and clinical laboratory tests included liver function and creatine kinase determinations. RESULTS: Pravastatin reduced total cholesterol (26.3% versus 15.2%, p < or = 0.01), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C) (33.5% versus 16.8%, p < or = 0.01), and apolipoprotein B (28.8% versus 15.3%, p < or = 0.01) more than gemfibrozil. Gemfibrozil reduced very-low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (VLDL-C) (49.1% versus 21.9%, p < or = 0.01) and triglycerides (42.2% versus 14.2%, p < or = 0.01) and increased high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C) (15.2% versus 5.9%, p < or = 0.01) more than pravastatin. Pravastatin and gemfibrozil increased apolipoprotein A-I comparably (3.3% versus 5.0%, p = NS). The combination significantly (p < or = 0.01) reduced total cholesterol (29.0%), LDL-C (37.1%), VLDL-C (49.4%), and apolipoprotein B (31.6%), and increased HDL-C (16.8%). The combination reduced the total cholesterol/HDL-C (39.3%) and LDL-C/HDL-C (45.8%) ratios significantly (p < 0.01). Adverse events and clinical laboratory abnormalities were generally mild and transient in all groups, although creatine kinase tended to be higher with combination therapy. Study drugs were withdrawn from two patients with asymptomatic creatine kinase elevations. Severe myopathy was not observed; however, the presence of subclinical musculoskeletal effects cannot be excluded. CONCLUSIONS: Co-administration of pravastatin and gemfibrozil combined the specific effects of the two drugs on lipoprotein concentrations and ratios. The incidence of side effects was low; severe myopathy did not occur. The combination may be useful in selected cases of combined hyperlipidemia; however, since myopathy at a low incidence or after long-term therapy cannot be excluded, the routine use of combination therapy is not advisable
— id: 70906, year: 1993, vol: 94, page: 13, stat: Journal Article,

Surgical management of the diabetic patient
Bergman, Michael; Sicard, Gregorio A
New York : Raven Press, 1991,
— id: 1175, year: 1991, vol: , page: , stat: ,

Understanding the diabetic patient from a psychological dimension: implications for the patient and the provider
Bergman, M; Akin, S B; Felig, P
1990 Mar;50(1):25-33, American journal of psychoanalysis
— id: 70884, year: 1990, vol: 50, page: 25, stat: Journal Article,

Integrated physiology of carbohydrate metabolism
Felig P; Bergman M
Ellenberg and Rifkin's diabetes mellitus : theory and practice New York : Elsevier, 1990,
— id: 4241, year: 1990, vol: , page: 51, stat: Chapter,

Lovastatin and diabetes: summary and comments
Bergman M
1989 ;2:377-378, Diabetes spectrum
— id: 70947, year: 1989, vol: 2, page: 377, stat: Journal Article,

Exercise
Bergman M; Felig P
Endocrinology Philadelphia : Saunders, 1989,
— id: 4239, year: 1989, vol: , page: 2338, stat: Chapter,

Misdiagnosis of gestational diabetes and hypoglycemia using portable blood glucose meters
Bergman, M; Migake, C; Felig, P
1989 Nov;149(11):2602-2603, Archives of internal medicine
— id: 70886, year: 1989, vol: 149, page: 2602, stat: Journal Article,

Abnormal ambient glucose levels inhibit proteoglycan core protein gene expression and reduce proteoglycan accumulation during chondrogenesis: possible mechanism for teratogenic effects of maternal diabetes
Leonard, C M; Bergman, M; Frenz, D A; Macreery, L A; Newman, S A
1989 Dec;86(24):10113-10117, Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America
Using a tissue culture system based on a nearly pure population of avian precartilage mesenchymal cells, we have found that ambient glucose levels as little as 50% lower, or 100% higher, than normally present in embryonic sera are deleterious to cartilage development, as measured by the accumulation of highly sulfated proteoglycan and the corresponding cartilage-specific chondroitin sulfate core protein mRNA. Abnormal glucose concentrations in the ranges studied did not selectively influence cell replication, and the effects on chondrogenesis were not due to differences in overall protein synthesis or glucose utilization in the treatment groups. Core protein gene expression was more severely affected than accumulation of extracellular product, suggesting the existence of posttranscriptional compensatory mechanisms. The sensitivity to ambient glucose levels of both expression of the cartilage-specific chondroitin sulfate core protein gene and the accumulation of the corresponding extracellular matrix macromolecules during chondrogenesis suggest a molecular mechanism for the well-known adverse effect of maternal diabetes on embryonic skeletogenesis. The results further suggest that hypoglycemia resulting from stringent control of diabetes may also be deleterious to skeletal development
— id: 70885, year: 1989, vol: 86, page: 10113, stat: Journal Article,

Diabetic control and fetal malformation
Bergman M; Newman SA; Seaton TB; Felig P
1988 ;319:647-647, New England journal of medicine
— id: 70950, year: 1988, vol: 319, page: 647, stat: Journal Article,

Psychologic issues in diabetes care
Bergman, M; Akin, S B; Felig, P
1988 Apr;37(4):151-157, American family physician
A clear perception of the psychologic factors affecting both the physician and the patient can greatly influence the course of therapy in diabetes. Genuine, realistic assessment and acceptance of the limitations inherent in physician-patient interactions will lead to considerably more satisfying personal and professional relationships
— id: 70888, year: 1988, vol: 37, page: 151, stat: Journal Article,

Nocturnal hypoglycemia in patients treated with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion
Cohen, C D; Seaton, T B; Bergman, M
1988 Aug;159(2):536-537, American journal of obstetrics & gynecology
— id: 111602, year: 1988, vol: 159, page: 536, stat: Journal Article,

Hypoglycemia in pregnancy - unknown risks
Bergman M
1987 ;10:380-380, Diabetes care
— id: 70953, year: 1987, vol: 10, page: 380, stat: Journal Article,

Principles of diabetes management
Bergman, Michael
New York : Medical Examination Publishing Co., 1987,
— id: 1176, year: 1987, vol: , page: , stat: ,

The endocrine pancreas : diabetes mellitus
Shafrir E; Bergman M; Felig P
Endocrinology and metabolism New York : McGraw-Hill, 1987,
— id: 4240, year: 1987, vol: , page: 1043, stat: Chapter,

Use of insulin infusion pumps duirng hyperalimentation of the stressed diabetic patient
Bergman M; Ravikumar S; Auerhahn C; et al
Clinical nutrition and metabolic research Basel : Karger, 1986,
— id: 4238, year: 1986, vol: , page: 269, stat: Chapter,

High-density lipoprotein subclasses in diabetes
Bergman, M; Gidez, L I; Eder, H A
1986 Sep;81(3):488-492, American journal of medicine
This cross-sectional study evaluated high-density lipoprotein subclasses measured by a precipitation technique before and after treatment in men and women with types I and II diabetes. Total high-density lipoprotein cholesterol was lower in subjects of both sexes with untreated type I and type II diabetes, the change occurring primarily in subclass 2. Insulin therapy raised total and subclass 2 high-density lipoprotein levels in men and women with type I and type II diabetes, the predominant rise occurring in subclass 2. The improvement was unrelated to metabolic control. Normalization of total and subclass 2 high-density lipoprotein was not achieved in women with type II disease who had higher body weights and triglyceride levels. Treatment with oral hypoglycemic agents did not lower total high-density lipoprotein or subclass 2 levels. It is concluded that therapies affecting high-density lipoprotein produce the preponderant change in subclass 2, insulin therapy increases total and subclass 2 high-density lipoprotein but may not restore levels to normal in the presence of elevated body weight and lipid levels, there is no relation between control of diabetes and changes in total and subclass 2 high-density lipoprotein levels, and treatment with oral hypoglycemic agents does not adversely affect high-density lipoprotein levels
— id: 70890, year: 1986, vol: 81, page: 488, stat: Journal Article,

The effect of glipizide on HDL and HDL subclasses
Bergman, M; Gidez, L I; Eder, H A
1986 Jun;3(5):245-248, Diabetes research
The effects of glipizide on HDL subclass levels were prospectively evaluated in 7 women and 2 men with non-insulin dependent (Type 2) diabetes. Total HDL, HDL2 and HDL3 levels were unchanged during the treatment period. Baseline HDL levels were lower when compared to a control population which may have been due to the elevated body weight present in most subjects. Mean blood glucose and HbA1 levels were unchanged for the entire group although significant improvement was noted in 5 individuals. Triglyceride and cholesterol levels were not affected by treatment with glipizide. In conclusion, glipizide does not have an adverse affect on HDL lipoprotein levels when patients are followed prospectively
— id: 70891, year: 1986, vol: 3, page: 245, stat: Journal Article,

Continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) reduces counter-regulatory hormone concentrations in a patient receiving enteral hyperalimentation
Bergman, M; Ravikumar, S; Auerhahn, C; Del Savio, N; Savino, J; Hendler, R; Jacob, R; Felig, P
1986 Nov;3(9):487-488, Diabetes research
A 61-year-old male, while recovering from a Whipple's procedure for pancreatic carcinoma, was treated for 13 days with an insulin infusion pump for diabetes exacerbated by enteral hyperalimentation. Treatment with continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion resulted in improved blood glucose control. Associated with this improvement was a reduction in plasma cholesterol, triglyceride and free fatty acid levels. Plasma epinephrine, norepinephrine, glucagon and cortisol concentrations were also lowered although growth hormone levels remained unchanged. It is concluded that enhanced metabolic control during hyperalimentation results in a decrease in counter-regulatory hormone levels and an improvement in the catabolic state in this patient. These preliminary observations provide evidence for maintaining euglycemia in diabetic patients while receiving nutritional support
— id: 70887, year: 1986, vol: 3, page: 487, stat: Journal Article,

The incidence of gestational hypoglycemia in insulin-dependent and non-insulin-dependent diabetic women
Bergman, M; Seaton, T B; Auerhahn, C C; Aaron-Young, C; Glasser, M; Shapiro, L R
1986 Apr;86(4):174-177, New York state journal of medicine
— id: 70889, year: 1986, vol: 86, page: 174, stat: Journal Article,

Endocrinology and metabolism in the elderly
Seaton TB; Bergman M; Prince W; Tsitouras PD; Gambert SR
1986 ;2:273-329, Contemporary geriatric medicine
— id: 70940, year: 1986, vol: 2, page: 273, stat: Journal Article,

Reagent strip performance as evaluated by a meter
Auerhahn, C; Kumar, S R; Bergman, M; Morgan, J
1985 Winter;10(4):41-43, Diabetes educator
— id: 70892, year: 1985, vol: 10, page: 41, stat: Journal Article,

Self-monitoring of blood glucose in diabetics treated with intraperitoneal insulin
Bergman M; Felig P
1985 ;145:2128-2128, Archives of internal medicine
— id: 70945, year: 1985, vol: 145, page: 2128, stat: Journal Article,

Hypoglycemia in the diabetic pregnancy: unrecognized implications
Bergman M; Vonella M; Seaton TB; et al
1985 ;5:162-166, New York medical quarterly
— id: 70944, year: 1985, vol: 5, page: 162, stat: Journal Article,

Exercise and diabetes
Bergman, M; Auerhahn, C
1985 Oct;32(4):105-111, American family physician
Exercise has variable effects on diabetes control. It may cause deterioration in diabetes regulation if patients are hyperglycemic, whereas it may reduce blood glucose levels in well-controlled patients. Factors influencing the magnitude of blood glucose reduction include timing of meal ingestion, peak of insulin activity and whether the extremity injected is exercised. Plasma cholesterol and triglyceride levels decrease while high-density lipoprotein levels may increase with activity
— id: 70893, year: 1985, vol: 32, page: 105, stat: Journal Article,

More than sixty years after the discovery of insulin
Bergman M
1984 ;4:110-111, New York medical quarterly
— id: 70943, year: 1984, vol: 4, page: 110, stat: Journal Article,

Results of treatment in non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus: a retrospective review
Bergman M; Shroba S; Ravikumar S; et al
1984 ;4:112-117, New York medical quarterly
— id: 70942, year: 1984, vol: 4, page: 112, stat: Journal Article,

Self-monitoring of blood glucose levels in diabetes. Principles and practice
Bergman, M; Felig, P
1984 Oct;144(10):2029-2034, Archives of internal medicine
Self-monitoring of blood glucose levels has become popular due to the limitations in the use of urine testing for assessing the status of diabetes control. Furthermore, the recent emphasis on the importance of diabetes regulation entails that patients tailor the insulin doses based on blood glucose levels. This review discusses the methodology of capillary blood glucose monitoring and its application to insulin adjustments. When performed properly, self-monitoring is accurate, reliable, and effective. It can also be beneficial in detecting hypoglycemia and may have a positive psychological impact as well. The reduction in the frequency of office and laboratory visits makes self-monitoring potentially cost-effective. Although useful for a broad segment of the type I diabetic population and for an increasingly large number of individuals with type II diabetes, self-monitoring may have a limited role in patients with severe, irreversible complications
— id: 70897, year: 1984, vol: 144, page: 2029, stat: Journal Article,

Insulin pump therapy improves blood glucose control during hyperalimentation
Bergman, M; RaviKumar, S; Auerhahn, C; DelSavio, N; Savino, J; Felig, P
1984 Oct;144(10):2013-2015, Archives of internal medicine
The present study investigated the feasibility of basal continuous subcutaneous insulin infusion (CSII) in four patients with postoperative sepsis or extensive burns during continuous enteral hyperalimentation with 2,500 to 3,000 calories/day, containing approximately 390 g of simple carbohydrates. The mean duration of CSII treatment was 16.8 days (range, seven to 32 days). The mean capillary blood glucose level fell from 322 +/- 52 mg/dL during pre-CSII therapy to 195 +/- 33 mg/dL during CSII therapy. Only 1.3% of 1,254 capillary blood glucose values were less than 60 mg/dL. Most values (61.6%) were between 61 and 200 mg/dL. The mean insulin infusion rate was 2.5 +/- 1.5 units/hr. These preliminary observations suggest that basal infusion CSII is a safe and effective means of improving blood glucose control in patients receiving enteral hyperalimentation despite the high glucose intake and presence of insulin resistance. Thus, CSII therapy can enhance the metabolic response to hyperalimentation without requiring an intravenous access route
— id: 70899, year: 1984, vol: 144, page: 2013, stat: Journal Article,

Salivary concentrations of steroid hormones in males and in cycling and postmenopausal females with and without periodontitis
Vittek, J; Kirsch, S; Rappaport, S C; Bergman, M; Southren, A L
1984 Sep;19(5):545-555, Journal of periodontal research
— id: 70895, year: 1984, vol: 19, page: 545, stat: Journal Article,

Nephrotic syndrome and immune complex glomerulonephritis associated with chlorpropamide therapy
Appel, G B; D'Agati, V; Bergman, M; Pirani, C L
1983 Feb;74(2):337-342, American journal of medicine
Therapeutic drugs are well-recognized as a cause of the nephrotic syndrome in humans. However, documentation of the renal histopathologic features is lacking or incomplete in many cases. Even when accurate histopathologic information is available, there is little evidence to support a specific pathogenetic mechanism of renal injury in the vast majority of cases. We describe a patient with diabetes who had hepatitis and dermatitis in association with the use of chlorpropamide. In addition to these well-described toxic reactions to this drug, the nephrotic syndrome developed. Renal biopsy revealed the presence of a proliferative glomerulonephritis that was shown to be of an immune complex nature on immunofluorescence and electronmicroscopic study. Serial serum complement levels and circulating immune complex levels were consistent with an immunologically mediated reaction. Repeated renal biopsy documented resolution of the renal changes. Thus, in this patient, a drug-induced nephrotic syndrome was associated with a proliferative glomerulonephritis, probably due to the formation of immune complexes
— id: 70894, year: 1983, vol: 74, page: 337, stat: Journal Article,

Insulin treatment and post-receptor defect
Bergman M
1983 ;6:102-102, Diabetes care
— id: 70952, year: 1983, vol: 6, page: 102, stat: Journal Article,

Newer approaches to the control of the insulin-dependent diabetic patient
Bergman, M; Felig, P
1983 Apr;29(7):1-65, Disease-a-month
— id: 70898, year: 1983, vol: 29, page: 1, stat: Journal Article,

Metabolism of plasma lipids of lipoproteins
Eder H; Bergman M
Diabetes mellitus : theory and practice New Hyde Park NY : Medical Examination Pub Co, 1983,
— id: 4237, year: 1983, vol: , page: 61, stat: Chapter,

Le traitement ambulatoire intensif du diabetes insulino-dependent
Felig P; Bergman M
1983 ;7:307-317, Le journal international de medicine
— id: 70946, year: 1983, vol: 7, page: 307, stat: Journal Article,

Insulin pump treatment of diabetes. Decision-making without definitive data
Felig, P; Bergman, M
1983 Aug 26;250(8):1045-1047, JAMA
— id: 70896, year: 1983, vol: 250, page: 1045, stat: Journal Article,

Implantable insulin infusion pump in Type I diabetes
Bergman M
1982 ;207:1579-1579, New England journal of medicine
— id: 70949, year: 1982, vol: 207, page: 1579, stat: Journal Article,

Strict metabolic control and eye and kidney function in diabetes
Bergman M
1982 ;317(8272):630-631, Lancet
— id: 70948, year: 1982, vol: 317, page: 630, stat: Journal Article,

Insulin pump treatment for diabetes: unanswered questions
Felig, P; Bergman, M
1982 Aug;2(4):263-268, Clinical physiology (Oxford, England)
— id: 70900, year: 1982, vol: 2, page: 263, stat: Journal Article,

Intensive ambulatory treatment of insulin-dependent diabetes
Felig, P; Bergman, M
1982 Aug;97(2):225-230, Annals of internal medicine
The therapy for insulin-dependent diabetes has been changing in the last 3 years with the increasing application of intensive ambulatory treatment programs involving self-monitoring of blood glucose levels by the patient. Insulin is administered either as multiple manual daily injections or as a continuous subcutaneous infusion delivered by a portable pump. We discuss the implementation, efficacy, complications (including recent reports of deaths in pump-treated patients), and cost of such programs. The potential effectiveness in preventing the long-term complications of diabetes warrants offering a program of self-monitoring of blood glucose levels combined with multiple manual daily insulin injections as a routine treatment option to virtually all patients with insulin-dependent diabetes. Additional observations on safety and efficacy are needed before insulin pump treatment can be considered a routine option. Furthermore, whether intensive treatment involving either manual or pump administration of insulin alters the risk of hypoglycemia as compared with conventional management remains to be established
— id: 70902, year: 1982, vol: 97, page: 225, stat: Journal Article,

Long-term improvement of metabolic control with the insulin pump does not reverse diabetic microangiopathy
Tamborlane, W V; Puklin, J E; Bergman, M; Verdonk, C; Rudolf, M C; Felig, P; Genel, M; Sherwin, R
1982 May-Jun;5 Suppl 1:58-64, Diabetes care
Restoration of near-normal glucose metabolism with the insulin pump reduces retinal fluorescein leakage and microalbuminuria in diabetes. However, it is not known whether these functional changes reflect a true reversal of diabetic retinopathy or nephropathy. To evaluate this question, we studied the effect of 1-2 yr of insulin pump treatment on clinical endpoints in 17 type I diabetic patients. In each patient, plasma glucose and total glycosylated hemoglobin levels fell to normal or near-normal levels. The total daily dose of insulin given during the first month of pump treatment (52 +/- 5 U/day) was comparable to that given during conventional treatment (44 +/- 3 U/day) and varied little over the 1-2 yr period of observation. Ten eyes without retinopathy at the start of the study remained without retinopathy after 15-23 mo of pump treatment. One of eleven eyes with background retinopathy developed proliferative retinopathy and 3 of 13 eyes with proliferative retinopathy progressed during pump treatment. Similarly, no improvement in renal function was observed in the six patients with diabetic nephropathy on entry to the study. In the first month of pump treatment, proteinuria consistently fell to values 30% below prepump levels (P less than 0.005). However, the diminution in proteinuria was not sustained and all remain proteinuric after 13-18 mo of pump therapy. Serum creatinine rose slightly and creatinine clearance did not significantly change. These data suggest that insulin pump treatment does not reverse established diabetic microvascular complications, despite a sustained improvement in metabolic control for up to 2 yr.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
— id: 70903, year: 1982, vol: 5 Suppl 1, page: 58, stat: Journal Article,

Management of the surgical patient with hypertension or diabetes
Forman, B H; Bergman, M
1981 May;14(2):317-329, Otolaryngologic clinics of North America
— id: 70904, year: 1981, vol: 14, page: 317, stat: Journal Article,

Insulin-infusion-pump treatment of diabetes: influence of improved metabolic control on plasma somatomedin levels
Tamborlane, W V; Hintz, R L; Bergman, M; Genel, M; Felig, P; Sherwin, R S
1981 Aug 6;305(6):303-307, New England journal of medicine
We examined whether changes in somatomedin accompany those seen in glucose and growth hormone during treatment with the insulin-infusion pump. somatomedin levels in eight insulin-dependent diabetics (13 to 29 years of age) were measured before and after 16 weeks of outpatient insulin-pump treatment, which lowered mean glucose from 245 +/- 21 to 100 +/- 5 mg per deciliter and total glycosylated hemoglobin from 16.2 +/- 1.2 to 9.7 +/- 0.3 per cent (mean +/- S.E.M.). During conventional insulin therapy, both total somatomedin and somatomedin C were within the normal range, despite elevations in growth hormone. Pump treatment resulted in a 70 to 75 per cent increase in both total somatomedin and somatomedin C (P less than 0.05) and a fall in growth-hormone concentrations. In the two growing adolescents, growth velocity doubled during 13 to 15 months of pump treatment. Our data suggest that the improved insulin delivery or metabolic control increases somatomedin levels despite a decrease in growth hormone. Thus, insulin-pump treatment may be useful in optimizing growth in diabetic children
— id: 70901, year: 1981, vol: 305, page: 303, stat: Journal Article,

Vitamin K administration
Bergman M; Ireland G
1979 ;4:15-15, Drug therapy
— id: 70951, year: 1979, vol: 4, page: 15, stat: Journal Article,

Notions regarding ventricular arrhythmias complicating myocardial infarction
Bergman M
1976 ;95:157-164, Louvain Medical
— id: 70941, year: 1976, vol: 95, page: 157, stat: Journal Article,