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THE
DIVISION OF ALCOHOLISM AND DRUG ABUSE
For information: Marc Galanter, M.D., Director, Division of Alcoholism and Drug Abuse, Department of Psychiatry, NB20N28, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016. Phone: (212) 263-6960 Fax: (212) 263-8285. Support for this project was provided by the Scaife Family Foundation
The magnitude of the alcohol and drug abuse problem today is well-documented. Eighteen percent of the population experiences a substance use disorder at some point in their lives, and the cost of addictive illness to the public is calculated at $246 billion per year in health care and lost work. Furthermore, at least 20% of patients in general medical facilities and 30% in general psychiatric units present with such problems, many of which go undiagnosed -- in some settings, many more. When the sequelae of addiction such as cirrhosis, psychopathology, trauma, and infection are present, they may receive proper medical attention; patients' primary addictive problems often go untreated. Nonetheless, important advances are being made in the addiction field. Basic mechanisms in relation to receptors, membrane chemistry, and genetic transmission have been elaborated. Public awareness has been aroused so that substance abusers seek help earlier, when treatment can be administered more effectively. New treatment concepts, both pharmacologic and psychosocial, have made recovery a possibility for the majority of alcohol and drug abusing patients. Furthermore, the health community has been alerted to the need for early diagnosis and provision of comprehensive care. The addiction field has moved toward maturation, and it is essential that the trainees in medical teaching centers be exposed to faculty experts in the addictions. In order to develop a cadre of educators and researchers, a sequence of training for medical students, residents, allied health professionals, and fellows has been developed within academic medical centers. NYU has led the nation in this process in developing the field of addiction psychiatry in organized medicine. Research into addictive illness has been expanded so that emerging concepts in etiology and treatment will be introduced into the medical mainstream. Here, too, the Division at NYU has been a leader in substance abuse research. Particularly important in this regard has been the leadership of Robert Cancro, M.D., as Chair of the Department of Psychiatry, and Manuel Trujillo, M.D. as Director of Psychiatry at Bellevue Hospital. This evolution was formally recognized by organized medicine in the establishment of certificates of added qualification in addiction psychiatry, and in the formal fellowship training process. The purpose of the Division of Alcoholism and Drug Abuse at NYU is to implement new ideas in training, research and clinical care, and to establish a model for similar programs nationwide. It is uniquely equipped to do so with its extensive facilities and broad-based faculty. Furthermore, it is strongly supported in this mission by one of the country's leading departments of psychiatry and its leading academic medical center. This investment in resources and innovative approaches has led to the Division receiving the Gold Achievement Award of the American Psychiatric Association, "In recognition of outstanding achievements in the development of a comprehensive substance abuse program that provides innovative models of treatment for singly and dually diagnosed multi-cultural individuals." Marc Galanter, M.D., Director of the Division
Addictive illness has been designated as a major academic and clinical focus in the NYU School of Medicine. The school employs a large array of facilities that serve as the base for the academic activities of the Division’s faculty. The School's Division was established by the Department of Psychiatry (Dr. Cancro, Chairman) in 1987, and consists of the following components: Bellevue Hospital Substance Abuse Division A network of coordinated clinical care, research, and training has been established within the following seven programs of the Bellevue Hospital Center's Substance Abuse Division (Dr. Galanter, Divisional Director). The Division is a component of the Hospital's Department of Psychiatry (Dr. Trujillo, Director). Staffed by NYU faculty, they reflect collaboration between the Medical School, the City's Health and Hospitals Corporation, and State agencies. Because of this, it has been possible to develop a rich, multimodality setting in which clinical and academic work can be conducted. The Dual Diagnosis Unit (Dr. Levounis; also Division Associate Director) is a 27-bed unit that was developed specifically for the rehabilitation of patients diagnosed for both general psychiatric and addictive disorders. It employs a behavioral treatment model combined with peer management techniques, and psychoeducational programs tailored to this population. The relative impact of these treatment approaches has been evaluated and studies have been conducted on the epidemiology and prognostic implications of syndromes observed among these patients. This unit serves as a principal site for training of fellows in addiction psychiatry. The Alcoholism
Outpatient Program (Dr. Miescher) with 14,000 visits annually, begins
treatment with an intensive period of engagement into ambulatory care,
followed by outpatient group therapy and counseling. The program maintains
close ties to facilities in the community and to the Bellevue Hospital
Shelter for the homeless and has developed special treatment approaches
to the homeless alcoholic. The character of socialization among this latter
population is being evaluated. The Alcohol Inpatient Unit (Dr. Hayden) is a 20-bed service that provides both short-term detoxification and long-term rehabilitation. It maintains a full day program of group and milieu therapy, in addition to educational activities and Alcoholics Anonymous meetings. Studies on this unit have focused on the impact of cognitive impairment on rehabilitation, correlates of social and psychiatric deficits in disadvantaged populations, and the outcome of referral to long-term rehabilitation modalities. The Methadone Maintenance Treatment Program (Drs. Maslansky and Sellers) provides intensive medical and psychiatric treatment, as well as ongoing drug counseling, for 350 patients. In addition, a special therapeutic and counseling program, Children of Substance Abusers, addresses the needs of collaterals of these patients. Many of its patients were admitted because of their unique diagnostic and treatment needs, given the specialized care available at this facility. The program is actively involved in AIDS research activities at the Medical Center, including studies on physiologic and behavioral correlates of seroconversion, sexual behavior and physiology in HIV positive patients, and the outcome of AZT treatment. The Recovery Program (Dr. Schuster) is a model ambulatory treatment service for cocaine-dependent patients. Both ante- and postpartum patients and patients who have been hospitalized for sequelae of cocaine dependence are admitted, with referrals made from relevant hospital units. Induction into treatment occurs through intensive peer-support, and principles of the therapeutic community, modified to the hospital setting, are applied. The program is dedicated to the assessment of innovative treatment for addiction in the general hospital. The program includes a component directed at the special needs of perinatal addicts, established with special project support from the federal Center for Substance Abuse Prevention. The perinatal program includes a special program for family reconstruction and parental child care training. The Continuing Treatment Program (Dr. Lee) is a halfway house for the dually-diagnosed. It was developed specifically for homeless patients as an alternative to long-term hospitalization or residence in shelters and welfare hotels. It includes an intensive therapeutic program based on self-help modalities and directed at reintegration into community living. The program provides a model for rehabilitation by establishing continuity of care between hospital-based and community services. The Centralized Intake Program (Dr. Guschwan; also Division Associate Director) was recently established in order to provide evaluation, consultation, and liaison for substance-abusing patients in the Bellevue catchment area, and in the Hospital’s services. It serves to integrate the Hospital’s addiction treatment units and to provide a basis for evaluation of the best matching of patients to respective treatment efforts. The World Health Organization Collaborating Center Since its inception, the NYU Division has worked closely with the WHO Programme on Substance Abuse (Geneva), Division of Treatment and Care. These efforts have focused on the development of cross-national initiatives to adapt medical training to a diverse group of countries, and to effect technology transfer of both new and long-demonstrated treatments to other national settings. The Division has organized meetings and publications for an international audience in this capacity. Recent projects include consultation on medical education, and on evaluation of treatment on a cross national basis. Dr. Galanter is responsible for the Substance Abuse Division of our WHO Collaborating Center (Dr. Laska, Director), located at our Nathan Kline Institute. Tisch University Hospital Facilities These facilities include a practice suite for ambulatory treatment of patients by the faculty, as well as for clinical research trials. Patients may also be admitted to the NYU Tisch University Hospital for inpatient care. The Center for Postgraduate Medical Fellowships in Alcoholism and Drug Abuse This national Center was established in order to serve as an informational base for training activities among postgraduate training programs and to set standards for the education of fellows in psychiatry, medicine, and other specialties. It has a National Advisory Committee of leading academic figures in the substance abuse field and has coordinated activities for a multi-specialty national consortium on postgraduate training. Its activities include the operation of a Consortium of national organizations in the addiction field, with liaison to certifying bodies and to federal agencies in the addiction field. The Center, funded by the Scaife Family Foundation, maintains a comprehensive body of information on all addiction fellowships available in its published brochure and on its web site, http://www.med.nyu.edu/substanceabuse. Department of Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System (DVA NYHHS) Addiction Services and Medication Development Program The Department of Veterans Affairs New York Harbor Healthcare System addiction services (Dr. Casadonte) include both inpatient and ambulatory treatment facilities for detoxification and rehabilitation of alcoholic and drug abusing patients as well as research trials. These inpatient/outpatient programs, with the VA Psychiatry Department, serves as the locus for affiliated teaching and research functions of the Division. The VA is also the site of a NIDA/VA Center (Dr. Rotrosen) for the development of new medications for the treatment of addiction. This major facility works in collaboration with other major research centers in addiction as part of a national collaborative initiative. Studies range from developmental preclinical research to clinical trials and focus on issues such as craving, withdrawal, and toxicity. The VA hospital maintains a collaborative research fellowship program for post residency physicians with The Rockefeller University. Research collaborations include: pharmacokinetics and analytical chemistry at the Nathan Kline Institute (NKI); positron emission tomography (PET) studies at the Brookhaven National Laboratories; data management and data analysis at NKI; quantitative EEG and evoked potential studies with the NYU Brain Research Laboratory at Bellevue; and magnetic resonance (MRI) imaging, functional MR and MR spectroscopy studies with the Center for Advanced Brain Imaging at the Nathan Kline Institute. Nathan Kline Institute The Institute (Dr. Cancro, Director) has ongoing projects on service delivery research, alternative strategies for payment, and organization of and cost-benefit analyses of services. The Center pursues a program of research that studies the public sector systems that impact persons with severe mental illness (SMI). It conducts research with direct relevance to policy formation, program design and cross-agency coordination in matters pertaining to the care, well-being and livelihood of persons diagnosed with SMI factors that affect the course of rehabilitation. The WHO Center’s Addiction Division (Dr. Galanter) relates to cross-cultural, educational, and research foci. Carole Siegel, Ph.D., conducts a program of research in the Center concerning the problems of persons who have both mental illness and abuse chemicals. Mary Jane Alexander, Ph.D., is the director of this Core and an investigator in mail surveys to community service directors, a site study of the dually diagnosed among individuals using mental health services, and validation of screens for dual disorders in treatment settings. Other studies at NKI on substance abuse include: the pharmacokinetics and pharmacodynamics of cocaine and metabolites in pregnancy, and a serotonergic challenge in substance abuse (Dr. Cooper); predisposition to drug abuse and aggressive behavior (Dr. Vadasz); effect of ibogaine on drug-induced behavior and brain function, and the effect of nicotine on neurotransmitter release (Dr. Sershen). Studies (Dr. Lajtha) also examine the multiplicity of reward mechanisms, in particular differences between the effects of nicotine and those of cocaine. They are designed to identify nicotine-specific effects on dopamine release, and identify the mechanisms involved in the nicotine effects on reward versus the nicotine effects on cognition. Laboratory of Neurochemistry of Receptors and Peptides Under Dr. Simon, research projects deal with the neurochemistry of receptors and neuropeptides. The Laboratory’s main thrust is an understanding of the structure and functions of the endogenous opioid system, i.e. opioid receptors and endogenous opioid peptides. This laboratory was one of three which simultaneously discovered the opioid receptors in 1973 and has continued to contribute actively to this area. The research is interdisciplinary, ranging from molecular to behavioral aspects of the problem. One interest is the characterization of the major types of opioid receptors, mu, delta and kappa. To this end they have purified to homogeneity the mu binding site from bovine brain. Recently, they succeeded in reconstituting the purified mu binding protein in liposomes, with pure G-proteins. This results in restoration of selective GTP-sensitive, high affinity mu agonist binding and mu specific stimulation of GTPase activity. They are also studying receptor regulation by phosphorylation and sequestration, the nature of the sugar moieties of this glycoprotein by mass spectrometry in collaboration with Dr. Tom Neubert at the Skirball Institute. Finally, the laboratory is involved in determination of promoter sites of the human mu receptor gene and the regulation of gene expression. NIDA Postdoctoral Program The NIDA-supported Postdoctoral Training Program in Research on Abused Drugs was established in 1992 and is based in the Department of Psychiatry (Drs. Simon and Carr). A group of six faculty members, with active research programs in the study of drugs of abuse, serve as preceptors of research trainees and operate a didactic program tailored to meet individual needs. The research areas of participant laboratories in this multidisciplinary program range from psychophysical studies of electrical brain stimulation reward to the molecular biology of opioid receptors. The research of the faculty is supported by seven funded grants, most of which are related to drug abuse. The Training Program emphasizes laboratory research with research workshops in which trainees and faculty have an opportunity to present and critically discuss work in progress. The didactic component of the Program includes courses at the Medical School and a seminar series in which distinguished researchers in the drug abuse field are invited to speak to Program participants. The National Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network - New York Node The New York Node of the National Drug Abuse Treatment Clinical Trials Network under Dr. Rotrosen includes investigators from New York University, The Rockefeller University, Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, and The Mount Sinai School of Medicine, as well as diverse community settings. Translating new treatments to the broader community is an important public health challenge which is now the focus of the National Drug Abuse Clinical Trials Network launched by the National Institute on Drug Abuse in late 1999. The missions of the Clinical trials Network are (1) to conduct effectiveness studies of behavioral and pharmacological interventions across a wide range of community-based treatment settings in diverse clinical populations, (2) to transfer the results of this research to providers and their patients within the community using science as a vehicle, and (3) to provide policy advice to ensure the delivery of effective treatment to the broadest possible patient population. Brain Research Laboratory The Brain Research Laboratory (Drs. Prichep, John and Alper) is a division of the department of Psychiatry, broadly concerned with the development and application of new quantitative methods for evaluation of electrophysiological and/or metabolic aspects of brain functions in normal subjects and psychiatric patients. Dr. Alper is engaged in research on brain imaging methods such as topographic mapping of quantitative EEG (QEEG), focusing on effects of cocaine abuse. His current NIDA-funded work involves the optimization of the quantitative EEG (QEEG) measure set for use in studies of medications used to potentially treat addiction. Behavioral Pharmacology Laboratory These preclinical and clinical laboratories (Drs. Adams and Reid) are located at the DVA NYHHS. Its research focus is on the influence of behavioral and environmental factors on pharmacologic action of psychostimulants like cocaine. Various rodent models of stimulant action that correlate with abuse liability are used, including locomotor activity, conditioned place preference, acoustic startle, and prepulse inhibition of startle. Effects of stimulant drugs on behavioral processes such as learning (both habituation and conditioning), as well as the effects of behavioral processes on stimulant drug actions are studied. Emphasis is on acute and chronic effects of cocaine, but other abused stimulants are studied for comparative purposes. Cocaine-conditioned behavioral effects are correlated with endocrine and neurochemical changes. Neuroanatomical loci of these drug-behavior interactions are characterized using neural activity related measures such as immediate early gene expression. These programs also include studies on drug-cue activation of subjective and physiological responses in man. Anesthesiology Research Laboratory Current projects within this laboratory (Dr. Nahas) address issues of marijuana and cocaine addiction. Studies are conducted on cardiovascular tolerance to cocaine as well as the effects of calcium antagonists on cerebral circulation in cocaine addicts undergoing detoxification. Epidemiology Programs Studies have been undertaken (Dr. Marmor) on HIV, the response of drug users to HIV testing and counseling, the utility of needle exchange programs in reducing the spread of HIV among IDUs, and the feasibility of IDUs as research volunteers in HIV vaccine. Currently a clinical trial of an HIV vaccine in IDUs is being done, along with testing another vaccine among men who have sex with men. Funding for the academic projects is provided by the National Institute on Drug Abuse, the Center for Substance Abuse Treatment, the National Institute of Mental Health, the Veterans Administration, National Institute on Allergy and Infectious Diseases, New York State Office of Mental Health, the Scaife Family Foundation, the JM Foundation, the Bodman Foundation, the Langeloth Foundation, the Robert Wood Johnson Foundation, the Macy Foundation, Vax Gen, Inc., and Pfizer
Center for Therapeutic Community Research The center (Dr. De Leon) conducts systematic research on refining techniques and improving the effectiveness of treatment in TC’s. In addition, it focuses on settings such as mentally ill chemical abusers in community residences, adolescent substance abusers in residential TCs, and criminal offenders in corrections facilities. It has undertaken a comprehensive program to study treatment process in therapeutic community-oriented treatment programs. The TC treatment process will be modeled in terms of the theoretical relationships among the relevant domains and variables. This model will guide a series of controlled and comparative studies to clarify the "active treatment ingredients" of the TC, as well as modify and improve TC treatment itself. Recent research includes application of the TC model to work with homeless mentally-ill chemical abusers, program evaluation of a recover project, client treatment matching, and documenting TC modifications for particular settings and populations. North Shore University Hospital North Shore University Hospital's Drug Treatment and Education Center (John Imhof, Ph.D.) is located in Manhasset, Long Island. It provides a wide range of diagnostic, treatment and rehabilitation services for the addicted, and serves as a training site for medical students, residents and a PGY-V fellowship in substance abuse. The Center also serves as editorial headquarters for the Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, a quarterly, international, interdisciplinary publication. The Journal has become a primary source of treatment literature for substance abuse clinicians throughout the United States and abroad. School of Nursing The School of Nursing of NYU has an active academic program in substance abuse (Dr. Naegle) in both teaching and research. With support from a federal faculty development award and New York State foundation support, the program has developed nursing curriculum nationally and carries out educational activities in Division clinical services and other allied facilities. Silver Hill Foundation This nonprofit voluntary psychiatric hospital (Dr. Frances) is located in New Canaan, CT. It was established in 1931, and has a long history of addiction treatment. It combines contemporary psychiatric techniques with a variety of recovery-oriented programs including inpatient and halfway house options. The Hospital also has an extensive program of continuing medical education associated with the Division.
The Division has undertaken a special research initiative to develop and evaluate integrated services for the homeless and the dually diagnosed (Dr. Dermatis). Divisional services have been carefully designed to provide continuity of care in this project in order to examine the efficacy of creative models for care within the general hospital system. Emphasis is placed on an intensive self-help model in order to instill patients in an orientation toward abstinence and identification with their peers. The program is designed to serve as a model for other inner-city facilities dealing with similar populations. A behavioral treatment paradigm has been instituted in the operation of the residential dual diagnosis units so as to modify established pathologic patterns with specific reference to securing the remission of acute psychiatric symptoms and training for relapse prevention. This model, adapted from established paradigms in the addiction and behavior therapy fields, employs peer assessment and token economy techniques. Fellows in addiction psychiatry, in particular, have been involved in these studies. Research into the nature of alcoholism and homelessness among patients admitted to our alcoholism services have yielded better understanding of the impact of psychological and social pathology and cognitive deficits on treatment outcome. In addition, studies on the nature of psychiatric symptom remission and exacerbation with drug use have further clarified diagnostic and treatment problems in this population. The Division has undertaken a long-term project to develop techniques for the management of substance abusers in office practice, using family and peer supports. This approach, called Network Therapy (Dr. Galanter), has been demonstrated to serve as an effective vehicle for engaging patients in treatment and sustaining abstinence. We have undertaken standardization of the technique and an outcome study on this approach. Educational techniques for house staff and professional staff of the clinical services employing this modality are ongoing as well. Applications are also being investigated for this technique to concurrent pharmacotherapy. Thus, the Division is involved in years 6-9 of NIDA funding of Network Therapy, focusing now on the approach in combination with buprenorphine treatment for heroin addiction. In collaboration with the World Health Organization, the Division is developing improved techniques for standardizing treatment across national boundaries and for effecting technology transfer for new treatments. This project is related to the development of advanced medical educational programs, particularly at the fellowship level. Attention deficit hyperactivity disorder, characterized by hyperactivity, disorganization, impulsivity, emotionality, unstable personality, fidgetiness, and inability to relax has been reported as a co-morbidity effecting 10% to 40% of various cocaine-dependent populations. Lesser known, however, is the fact that cocaine modified these symptoms making it more difficult to identify ADHD symptomatology. Dr. Castaneda has studied the effect of stimulants as treatments for cocaine abusers with ADHD. A variety of investigations have been carried out into the impact of zealous groups on the psychology and drug use of members. These include studies on institutionally-based self-help treatment, Alcoholics Anonymous, and peer-led community groups. These models are being applied in the Division's ambulatory programs. The Division has also undertaken major assessment of the impact of managed care on substance abuse treatment for the American Society of Addiction Medicine. This serves as the basis of a national initiative for improving availability of services. The Division is also the locus of publication of a number of serials. These include the annual book series, Recent Developments in Alcoholism (Plenum Publishing), an annual scholarly review jointly sponsored by the American Society of Addiction Medicine and the Research Society on Alcoholism; and Substance Abuse (Plenum), a peer review journal of the Association for Medical Education and Research in Substance Abuse. Substance Abuse presents research and educational articles to a national and international audience. The Editorial Office of the American Psychiatric Press Textbook of Substance Abuse Treatment, a national standard, is also located here. In addition, faculty are on Editorial Boards of numerous journals including The American Journal on Addictions, Journal of Addictive Diseases, American Journal of Drug and Alcohol Abuse, Journal of Substance Abuse Treatment, Psychiatric Quarterly, The Journal of Mental Health Policy and Economics, Advances in Alcohol and Substance Abuse, Alcohol and Drug Research, Brain Research, Journal of Molecular Recognition, and Neurochemical Research.
TRAINING PROGRAMS Medical Student and Residency Training Medical students and residents are given lectures and seminars in addiction, both in relation to pathogenesis and treatment. Medical students get lectures in the first and second years and weekly supervised clinical and literature exposure as part of their psychiatry clerkship experience during the third year. In addition, students with an interest in addiction can take electives in their first, second, and fourth years. Students may also participate in the addiction programs of the Walter Reed Society of the School’s Master Scholars Program. The Division conducts specialized training and apprenticeship within this Society, dedicated to increased humanism and professionalism in medical training. In the residency program, seminars and case conferences are conducted in each postgraduate year. The attempt is made to provide house staff with an understanding of the clinical science underlying addiction and then, in the context of case conferences and clinical supervision, to integrate this material into addressing the needs of patients on their respective training services. Elective experiences are offered, in particular, in the PGY IV year, both for NYU residents and for selected residents from other training programs. These experiences may be related to subsequent participation in the PGY V-VI fellowship program. Combining AA and Biomedical Models Faculty of the Division are involved in a collaborative venture with Internal Medicine to provide an innovative model for training of residents and fellows. Training in both the spiritually oriented AA approach, combined with the biomedical and psychological models, are used in didactic sessions for house staff so they can better understand the treatment of addicted patients. A manual for faculty and trainees with related audio-visual aids has been prepared, and the project is being evaluated for broader distribution with support from the Macy Foundation. Network Therapy A specialized program for training residents and Fellows in Network Therapy has been developed under a grant from the National Institute of Drug Abuse. The program provides lectures and supervision of residents on Network Therapy. The modality employs family and peer supports in order to engage addicted patients in treatment, establish abstinence, and prevent relapse. This undertaking is designed to assure house staff and fellows of needed skills in managing substance abuse in office practice. It is currently being applied in a controlled study examining the role of enhanced social supports in improving the outcome for short-term buprenorphine maintenance. Medical Fellowship Training Program The Substance Abuse Postgraduate Medical Fellowship program was designed to provide high quality clinical care; train teaching and research faculty for medical centers in the future; and conduct investigations into the etiology and treatment of addictive illness. Fellows serve as faculty for two years at the School of Medicine and contribute to the development of the field of substance abuse in the same way that fellows have done in earlier decades in subspecialty areas such as cardiology or endocrinology. Remuneration is at the level of an attending physician. Training components include: Relevant basic science training in each of these areas: biochemistry, pharmacology, epidemiology, social theories, genetic models, behavioral conditioning models Supervised clinical experience in each of these areas: Settings: inpatient
and outpatient Research: Carrying out an original project related to addictive illness Teaching: Medical students, house staff, and other personnel During this two-year program following the residency, fellows rotate on both inpatient and outpatient Divisional units, where they evaluate and treat patients under close faculty supervision. This includes teaching rounds, individual supervisory sessions, a clinical and research practicum, and exposure to ongoing faculty research. Didactic work is organized around a weekly seminar, which continues throughout the two-year training period. The seminar includes both research methodology (Dr. Dermatis) and academic readings on addiction. Each fellow conducts an independent research project which is submitted for publication prior to completion of the program. Work on this project begins in the first year and is supported by close faculty supervision throughout, including instruction in research methodology and techniques of data analysis. Research publications of the fellows are listed below: Barbara Bartlik (M.D., Albert Einstein), 1987-88, (Bartlik B, Galanter M, Angrist B: Dimenhydrinate addiction in a schizophrenic woman. J Clin Psychiatry, 50:476, 1989.) Merrill Herman (M.D., Cornell), 1987-89, (Herman M, Galanter M, Lifshutz H: Homelessness in patients with combined substance abuse and psychiatric disorders. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse, 17:415-422, 1991.) Gregory Bunt (M.D., NYU), 1987-89, (Bunt G, Galanter M, Lifshutz H, Castaneda R: Cocaine/"crack" dependency among psychiatric patients. Am J Psychiat, 147:1542-1546, 1990.) Anthony Kim (M.D., Columbia), 1988-90, (Kim A, Galanter M, Castaneda R, Lifshutz H, Franco H: Crack use and sexual behavior among psychiatric inpatients. Am J Drug & Alcohol Abuse, 18:235-246, 1992.) Paul Fritz (M.D., Columbia), 1989-91, (Fritz P, Galanter M, Lifshutz H, Egelko S: Developmental risk factors in postpartum women with positive urine toxicologies for cocaine. Am J Drug & Alcohol Abuse, 19(3), 1993.) Douglas Munsey (M.D., Cornell), 1989-91, (Munsey DF, Galanter M, Lifshutz H, Franco H: Antecedents, severity of abuse, and response to treatment in substance-abusing schizophrenic individuals. Am J Addictions, 1:210-216, 1992.) Mark Wallace (M.D., Louisville), 1989-91, (Wallace M, Galanter M, Kraskinski K, Lifshutz H: Women at high risk of HIV infection from drug use. J Addictive Dis 12:77-86, 1993.) Charles Silberstein (M.D., Albert Einstein), 1990-92, (Silberstein C, Galanter M, Marmor M, Lifshutz H, Krasinski K, Franco H: HIV-1 among inner-city dually diagnosed inpatients. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 20:101-113, 1994.) Denise Szczucki (M.D., Penn State), 1991-93, (Szczucki D, Galanter M, Lifshutz H, Hoven C, Moore R: Drug use and psychiatric hospitalization among the homeless. Am J Addictions 3:115-121, 1994.) Steven Katz, (M.D., NYS/Sackler School), 1991-93, (Katz S, Galanter M, Lifshutz H, Maslansky R: The impact on behavior of notifying methadone patients of their serostatus. Am J Alcohol Drug Abuse 21:37-46, 1995.) Jennifer Goldstein-Michaels, (M.D., NYU), 1991-93, (Michaels J, Galanter M, Resnick R, Marmor M, Lifshutz H, Perrone R: Community-based heroin addicts who turn to experimental treatment rather than conventional care. J Addictive Dis 14:33-42, 1995.) Jorge Leal, (M.D., NY Med. Coll.), 1993-94, (Leal J, Galanter M: The use of contingency contracting to improve outcome in methadone maintenance. Substance Abuse 16:155-167, 1995). Laurence Westreich (M.D., U. Minn.), 1992-94, (Westreich L: A modified therapeutic community for the dually diagnosed. Substance Abuse Treatment, 13:1-4, 1997.) Lisa Goldfarb, (M.D., Columbia), 1993-95, (Goldfarb L, Galanter M, McDowell D, Lifshutz H, Dermatis H: Medical student and patient attitudes toward religion and spirituality in the recovery process. Am J Drug Alcohol Abuse 22:549-561, 1996.) David McDowall, (M.D., Columbia), 1993-95, (McDowell D, Galanter M, Goldfarb L, Lifshutz H: Spirituality and the treatment of the dually diagnosed: an investigation of patient and staff attitudes. J Addictive Dis 15: 55-68, 1996.) Robert Stockfish, (M.D., UMD New Jersey), 1993-95 (Stockfish R, Galanter M, Lifshutz H: Trends in dual diagnosis patients. Am J Addictions 4: 355-356, 1995.) Daniel Mierlak, (M.D., Ph.D., SUNY), 1995-97 (Mierlak D, Galanter M, Spivack N, Dermatis H, Jurewicz E, De Leon G: Modified therapeutic community treatment for homeless dual diagnosed men: Who completes treatment? Substance Abuse Treatment 15:117-121, 1998.) Steven Taylor, (M.D., Howard), 1994-95 (Taylor SM, Galanter M, Dermatis H, Spivak N, Egelko S: Dual diagnosis patients in the modified therapeutic community: does a criminal history compromise adjustment to treatment? J Addictive Dis, 16:32-38, 1997.) David Krakow, (M.D., Hahnemann University), 1996, (Krakow DS, Galanter M, Dermatis H, Westreich LM: HIV risk factors in dually diagnosed patients. Am J Addictions, 7:74-80, 1998.) Tania Taubes, (M.D., Cornell University), 1995-97, (Taubes T, Galanter M, Dermatis H, Westreich L: Crack cocaine and schizophrenia as risk factors for PPD reactivity in the dually diagnosed. J Addictive Dis, 17:63-74, 1998.) Daniel Leal, (M.D., University of Texas) 1995-97, (Leal D, Galanter M, Dermatis H, Westreich L: Correlates of protracted homelessness in a sample of dually diagnosed psychiatric inpatients. J Substance Abuse Treatment, 16:143-147, 1999.) Gopa Panikkar, (M.D., Liaison Psychiatry Fellow, University of Maryland) 1997-98, (Panikkar, Gilman: Valproate induced hyperammonemia in the psychiatric setting. Two cases. J Clin Psychiatry, 60:557-559,1999.) Marianne T. Guschwan (M.D., Loyola University), 1998-00, (Guschwan M, Galanter M, Dermatis H, Kotsaftis A, Bunt G): Orientation toward spirituality and self-help approaches in the therapeutic community.) Mary Salke (M.D., Columbia University), (Dermatis H, Salke M, Galanter M, Bunt G: The role of social cohesion among residents in a therapeutic community. J Substance Abuse Treatment, in press.) Petros Levounis (M.D., Medical College Pennsylvania), 1998-00, (Levounis P, Galanter M, Dermatis H, Hamowy A, De Leon G): Correlates of HIV transmission risk factors and considerations for interventions in homeless, chemically addicted and mentally ill patients. Samuel S. Glazer (M.D., Cornell University), 1998-00, (Glazer SS, Galanter M, Megwinoff O, Dermatis H, Keller DS): The role of therapeutic alliance in network therapy, a family and peer support-based treatment for cocaine abuse. Aaron S. Metrikin (M.D., University Johannesburg), 1998-00, (Metrikin AS, Galanter M, Dermatis H, Bunt G: Somatization, anxiety, and depression in a drug free residential therapeutic community. A J Addictions, in press.) Current Fellows: Michael Sobel (M.D., NYU School of Medicine), and Ramon Solhkhah (M.D., N.Y. Medical College), 1999-2001; Peter Farol (M.D., Columbia University), Lydia Fazzio (M.D., Tufts University), and Steven Ross (M.D., Columbia University), 2001-2002, Brealyn Sellers (M.D., University of Tennessee), and Marjorie Waldbaum (M.D. Albert Einstein College of Medicine), 2001-2003 Applications for Fellowship Training Applications for fellowship positions should be addressed in writing to Dr. Galanter (Department of Psychiatry, NYU School of Medicine, 550 First Avenue, New York, NY 10016: Fax # 212-263-8285), preferably before November 1 of the year preceding the July 1 starting date of the fellowship. The application should include a letter indicating the physician's interest, and a curriculum vitae. Two letters of recommendation should be forwarded by residency teaching faculty at the same time. Training Programs in Psychology The Division conducts a number of training programs for psychologists (Dr. Cohen). At the most junior level, the Research Assistant Program is a training opportunity offered to students matriculated in either undergraduate or graduate (M.A. or Ph.D.) psychology programs, who are seeking a supervised experience in a clinical research setting. The Externship Program provides part-time training for second and third year graduate students matriculated in psychology doctoral programs, and is geared toward development of competence in psychological assessment. An Internship rotation is part of the full-time predoctoral level training program of the Division of Psychology at the Medical School (Drs. Vasquez, Cohen). The NYU-Bellevue internship is accredited by the American Psychological Association, and is offered to students matriculated in doctoral programs in Clinical and School Psychology. The Psychology Fellowship Program, also in conjunction with the Division of Psychology, is an advanced training placement for psychology graduate students who have completed an internship, or persons who have completed their Ph.D. program. Fellows are instructed by the Division's senior psychologists in more sophisticated clinical skills and participate in ongoing research in collaboration with the Division's principal investigators. Other Academic Activities Divisional Grand Rounds is a monthly lecture series for visiting speakers of national prominence, and is open to all Medical Center staff. Other training seminars are directed at social work and counseling staff specifically. Additional specific programs include a variety of continuing medical education programs conducted in conjunction with the Medical Center. In addition programmatic involvement is carried out with several national professional and scientific organizations in the addiction field, such as the American Academy of Addiction Psychiatry, the Association for Medical Education and Research in Substance Abuse, and the American Society on Addiction Medicine.
Clinical services at Bellevue originated in 1736 as part of New York City's "Public House of Correction, Workhouse and Poorhouse." A special unit for alcoholics was created in 1892, and a unit for housing the insane was opened in 1898. In 1985, the psychiatric units were transferred to a new Bellevue Hospital building. Bellevue's name, recognized around the world, is often thought to be synonymous with the hospital's psychiatric services because of the leading role they have played in the institution's development and in academic psychiatry nationally. As Chairman of the Department of Psychiatry, Robert Cancro, M.D., has strengthened the department's academic components on both the undergraduate and postgraduate levels. Under his leadership, affiliations have been established throughout the state hospital system, in particular with the Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research, and Rockland, Manhattan, and Kirby Psychiatric Centers. A collaboration with Brookhaven National Laboratory has resulted in research activity in positron emission tomography (PET). The Department has an affiliated Psychoanalytic Institute on its premises. In 1987, Dr. Cancro established the Division of Alcoholism and Drug Abuse within the Department, unifying existing teaching and research facilities and designating new ones. This represented a major initiative for the School of Medicine in research, teaching, and patient care.
The history of the School of Medicine spans more than two centuries. Clinical instruction was started in Bellevue Hospital in 1847, and in 1861 Bellevue Hospital Medical College was founded when a College building was erected on the hospital grounds. The medical school became an integral part of New York University in 1898. Most of the student teaching is carried out in the Bellevue Hospital Center. It was founded in 1736, and is the oldest continuously operating hospital in the United States. The current facility is a modern 25-story building, opened in 1975, with 1,171 beds. Tisch University Hospital, opened in 1963, is an acute-care general hospital with 726 beds that admits patients from around the world. Another hospital that has been integrated into the School of Medicine is the New York Veterans Administration Medical Center, an 851-bed general care facility located next to Bellevue Hospital Center. The Nathan S. Kline Institute for Psychiatric Research conducts basic scientific, applied, and health service research. It is one of six World Health Organization Collaborating Centers in the United States.
Listed below are selected publications by Divisional faculty which appeared, or are in press, in the last three years. They are selected from those which have a substance abuse focus. Adams JU, Careri JM, Efferen TR, Rotrosen J. Conditioned locomotor stimulant effects of cocaine in rats do not result from interference with habituation. Psychopharmacology 151:13-18, 2000. Alper KR, Prichep LS, Kowalik SC, Rosenthal MS: Persistent qEEG abnormality in crack cocaine users at 6 months of drug abstinence. Neuropsychopharmacology 19:1-9, 1998. Andria ML, Simon EJ. Localization of promoter elements in the human mu-opioid receptor gene and regulation by DNA methylation. Mol Brain Res 70:54-65, 1999. Angrist B, Sanfilipo M, Wolkin A. Cardiovascular effects of oral d-amphetamine (0.5 mg/kg) and attenuation by haloperidol. Clinical Neuropharmacology, in press. Angrist B, Rotrosen J, Gershon S. Invited commentary on "Differential effects of amphetamine and neurpleptics on negative vs. positive symptoms in schizophrenics". Psychopharmacology, in press. Carr KD, Kutchuhidze N, Park TG. Differential effects of µ and ĸ opioid antagonists on foslike immunoreactivity in "extended amygdale". Brain Research 822:34-42, 1999. Carr KD, Kim G-Y, Cabeza de Vaca S. Chronic food restriction in rats augments the central rewarding effect of cocaine and the δ-1 opioid agonist, DPDPE, but not the δ-2 agonist, deltorphin-II. Psychopharmacology 152:200-207, 2000. Carr KD, Kim G-Y, Cabeza de Vaca S. Rewarding and locomotor-activating effects of direct dopamine receptor agonists are augmented by chronic food restriction in rats. Psychopharmacology 154:420-428, 2001. Carr KD, Park TH, Zhang Y, Stone E: Neuroanatomical patterns of fos-like immunoreactivity induced by naltrexone in food-restricted and ad libitum fed rats. Brain Research 779:26-32, 1998. Casadonte P: Successful treatment of opiate dependence with twice weekly LAAM dosing. In Problems of drug dependence 1998, NIDA Research Monograph 179 144, 1998. Castaneda R, Sussman N, Westreich LW, Levy R: Effects of moderate alcohol intake on psychiatric and sleep disorders. In Galanter M (Ed), Recent developments in alcoholism. New York: Plenum Press, 1998. Castaneda R, Sussman N, Levy R, Trujillo M. A treatment algorithm for attention deficit disorder in cocaine-dependent adults. A one-year private practice study with long-acting stimulants, fluoxetine and bopropion. Substance Abuse 1:20,55-67, 1999. Castaneda R, Levy R, Hardy M, Trujillo M. Treatment with long-acting stimulants of attention deficit disorder in cocaine-dependent adults. Psychiat Services 1:51,169-171, 2000 De Leon G. The therapeutic community: theory, model, and method. New York Springer Publishing, 2000. De Leon G. Therapeutic community treatment of substance abuse. In Gabbard GO , Treatments of psychiatric disorders. American Psychiatric Press(3), in press. De Leon G, Melnick G, Tims FM. The role of motivation and readiness in treatment and recovery. In Platt JJ, Tims FM, Leukefeld C. Relapse and recovery processes in the addictions, Yale University Press, in press. De Leon G, Mernick G, Hawke J. The motivation-readiness factor in drug treatment: implications for research and policy. In McBride D, Stephens R, Levy J, Emergent issues in drug treatment: advances in medical sociology. JAI Press, 2000. De Leon G. Therapeutic communities. In Galanter M, Kleber HD, The American Psychiatric Press textbook of substance abuse (2)447-462. American Psychiatric Press, 1999. De Leon G. Therapeutic communities. In Ott, PJ, Tarter RE, Ammerman RT, Sourcebook on substance abuse: etiology, epidemiology, assessment and treatment. Massachusetts: Allyn and Bacon 321-336, 1999. Dermatis H, Salke M, Galanter M, Bunt G. The role of social cohesion among residents in a therapeutic community. J Substance Abuse Treatment 21:195-110, 2001. Dermatis H, Galanter M, Egelko S, Westreich L: Schizophrenic patients and cocaine use: Antecedents to hospitalization and course of treatment. Substance Abuse 19: 169-177, 1998. Des Jarlais DC, Perlis T, Friedman SR, Deren S, Chapman T, Sotheran JL, Tortu S, Beardsley M, Paone D, Torian LV, Beatrice ST, DeBernardo E, Monterroso E, Marmor M: Declining seroprevalence in a very large HIV epidemic: Injecting drug users in New York City, 1991-1996. Amer J Public Hlth 88:1801-1806, 1998. Dewey SL, Morgan AE, Ashby CR, Horan B, Kushner SA, Logan J, Volkow ND, Fowler JS, Gardner EL, Brodie JD: A novel strategy for the treatment of cocaine addiction. Synapse 30:119-29, 1998. Duncan EJ, Modonick S. Parwani A, Angrist B, Rojon R, Chakovorty S. Efferen T, Szilagyi S, Stephanides M, Chappel P. Clinical and sensorimotor gating effects of katamine in normals. Neuropsychopharmacology, in press. Duncan E, Modonick S. Chakovorty S, Parwani A, Szilagyi S, Efferen T, Gonzenbach S, Angrist B, Rotrosen J. Effects of smoking on acoustic startle and prepulse inhibition in humans. Psychopharmacology, in press. Efferen TR, Duncan EJ, Szilagyi S, Chakovorty S, Adams J, Gonzenbach S, Angrist B, Butler PD, Rotrosen J. Diminished acoustic startle in chronic cocaine users. Neuropsychopharmacology 22:89-96, 2000. Egelko S, Galanter M, Dermatis H, Jurewicz E, Jamison A, Dingle S, De Leon G. Improved psychological status in a modified therapeutic community for homeless MICA men. J Addictive Dis, in press. Egelko S, Galanter M, Dermatis H, DeMaio C: Evaluation of a multi-systems model for treating perinatal cocaine addiction. J Substance Abuse Treatment 15:251-259, 1998. Egelko S, Galanter M: Impact of social anxiety in a therapeutic community-oriented cocaine treatment clinic. Am J Addictions 7(2) 136-141, 1998. Egelko S, Galanter M, Edwards H, Marinelli K: Treatment of perinatal cocaine addiction: Use of the modified therapeutic community. J Drug Alcohol Abuse 22:185-202, 1996. Ehrlich GK, Andria ML, Zheng X, Kieffer B, Gioannini TL, Hiller JM, Rosenkranz JE, Vedslker BM, Zukin RS, Simon EJ. Functional significance of cysteine residues in the delta-opioid receptor studied by site-directed mutagenesis. Canad J Physiol Pharmacol (Hans W. Kosteritz Memorial Issue)76:269-277, 1998. Galanter M. Research on spirituality and Alcoholics Anonymous. Alcoholism: Clin Exp Research 23:716-719, 1999. Galanter M. Evaluating physicians' views and the value of health plan benefits. J Addictive Dis 18:1-4, 1999. Galanter M, Keller DS, Dermatis H, Egelko S. The impact of managed care on substance abuse treatment: A report of the American Society of Addiction Medicine. J Addictive Dis 19:13-34, 2000. Galanter M, Keller DS, Dermatis H, Biderman D. Use of the internet for addiction education: combining network therapy with pharmacotherapy. Am J on Addictions 7:7-13, 1998. Galanter M, Dermatis H, Calabrese D. Residencies in addiction psychiatry: 1990 to 1999, a decade of progress. Am J Addictions, in press. Galanter M, Dermatis H, Egelko S, De Leon G. Homelessness and mental illness in a professional and peer-led cocaine treatment clinic. Psychiatric Services 39:533-535, 1998. Galanter M. Self-help treatment for combined addiction and mental illness. Psychiat Services 51: 977-979, 2000. Galanter M, Brook D. Network therapy for addiction: bringing family and peer support into office practice. Int J Group Psychother 51:1-22, 2000. Galanter M. Network therapy. A model for office practice. In Graham A, Schultz T (eds) Principles of Addiction Medicine. Bethesda MD: American Society of Addiction Medicine, in press. Galanter M, Kleber HD (eds). Substance-Related Disorders. In Gabbard GO (Editor-in-Chief), Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders, 3rd Edition. Washington DC, American Psychiatric Press, 627-1004, 2001. Galanter M, Kleber HK (eds). Textbook of Substance Abuse Treatment, Second Edition. Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press 595 pp, 1999. Galanter M. Network Therapy for Alcohol and Drug Abuse, Expanded Edition. New York: Guilford Press: 264 pp, 1999. Galanter M (ed). Recent Developments in Alcoholism, Vol. XV. Services Research in the Era of Managed Care. New York Plenum Press, 2000. Galanter M: Network therapy: Applying learning theory and social support models to office practice. In Lowinson J, Ruiz P, Millman R, Langrod J (Eds), Substance abuse: A comprehensive textbook, Third Edition. Baltimore, MD: Williams & Wilkins, 478-484, 1998. Galanter M (Ed): Recent developments in alcoholism, Vol. XIV. The consequences of alcoholism. Plenum Press, 491 pp, 1998. Galanter M, Dermatis H, Egelko S, De Leon G: Homelessness and mental illness in a professional and peer-led cocaine treatment clinic. Psychiat Services 49:53-535, 1998. Galanter M: Spiritual recovery movements and contemporary medical care. Psychiatry: Interpersonal and biological processes 60:236-248, 1997. Gilman S, Galanter M, Dermatis H. Methadone Anonymous: A 12 step program for methadone maintained heroin addicts. Substance Abuse, in press. Gioannini TL, Onoprishvili I, Hiller JM, Simon EJ. Inactivation of the purified opioid receptor by sulfhydryl reagents. Neurochem Res 24:37-42, 1999. Guss J, Drescher J. Addictions in the gay and lesbian community. Haworth Medical Press, 2000 Hird S, Millman RB: Alcoholism and other forms of addiction: Values, ethics, and alcoholism. Greenwich, CT: JAI Press, Inc., 1998. Hird S, Khuri ET, Lowenson J, Millman RB: Adolescent substance abuse: Comprehensive textbook of substance abuse, Third Edition. New York: Williams and Wilkins Press, 1997. Krakow DS, Galanter M, Dermatis H, Westreich LM: HIV risk factors in dually diagnosed patients. Am J Addictions 7:74-80, 1998. Kramer HK, Simon EJ. The role of protein kinase C (PKC) in agonist-induced mu-opioid receptor regulation: I. PKC translocation to the membrane of SH-SY5Y cells is induced by mu-opioid agonists. J Neurochem 72:585-593, 1999. Kramer HK, Simon EJ. The role of protein kinase C (PKC) in agonist-induced mu-opioid receptor regulation: II. Activation and involvement of the α, ε and ζ isoforms of PKC. J Neurochem 72:594-604, 1999. Kramer HK, Simon EJ. Mu and delta opioid receptor agonists induce mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK): activation in the absence of internalization. Neuropharmacol 39:1707-1719, 2000. Kramer HK, Andria ML, Esposito DH, Simon EJ. Tyrosine phosphorylation of the delta opioid receptor: evidence for its role in mitogen-activated protein kinase activation and receptor nternalization. Biochem Pharmacol 60:781-792, 2000. Kramer HK, Andria ML, Kushner SA, Esposito DH, Hiller JM, Simon EJ. Mutation of tyrosine 318 (Y318F) in the delta opioid receptor attenuates tyrosine phosphorylation, agonist-dependent receptor internalization, and mitogen-activated protein kinase activation. Mol Brain Res 79:55-66, 2000. Javitt DC, Balla A, Sershen H, Lajtha A. Reversal of phencyclidine-induced effects by glycine and glycine transport inhibitors. Biol Psychiat 45:668-679, 1999. Keller DS, Dermatis H. Current status of professional training in the addictions. Substance Abuse 20:123-140, 1999. Keller DS, Galanter M. Technology transfer of network therapy to community-based addictions counselors. J Substance Abuse Treatment 16:183-189, 1999. Laska EB, Meisner M, Siegel C. Power and sample size in cost-effectiveness analysis. Med Decision Making 19:339-343, 1999. Leal D, Galanter M, Dermatis H, Westreich L. Correlates of protracted homelessness in a sample of dually diagnosed psychiatric inpatients. J Substance Abuse Treatment 16:143-147, 1999. Ling W, Charuvastra C, Casadonte P: Buprenorphine maintenance treatment of opiate dependence: a multicenter, randomized clinical trial. Addiction 93 (4) 475-80, 1998. Mathieu-Kia AM, Fan LQ< Kreek MJ, Simon EJ, Hiller JM. Mu, delta and kappa opioid receptor populations are differentially altered in distinct areas of postmortem brains of Alzheimer’s Disease patients. Brain Res 893:121-134, 2001. Marmor M, Shore RE, Titus S, Chen X, Des Jarlais DC. Drug injection rates and needle exchange use in New York City, 1991-96. J Urban Hlth 77:359-368, 2000. Marmor M, Krowka J, Goldberg JD. CD4+ t cell surface CCR5 density and virus load in persons infected with human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (letter). J Infect Dis 182:23-35, 2000. Metrikin AS, Galanter M, Dermatis H, Bunt G. Somatization, anxiety, and depression in a drug free residential therapeutic community. Am J Addictions, in press. Mierlak D, Galanter M, Spivak N, Dermatis H, Jurewicz E, De Leon G: Modified therapeutic community treatment for homeless dually diagnosed men: Who completes treatment? J Substance Abuse Treatment 15:117-122, 1998. Naegle MA. Substance abuse and addiction among registered professional nurses. Psychaitric — Mental Hlth Nursing Research D. In Fitzpatrick JJ, Wilke P, New Jersey Prentice Hall, 2000. Naegle MA, D’Avanzo CE. Addictions and substance abuse: strategies for advanced nursing practice. Saddle River, New Jersey Prentice Hall Health, 2000. Naegle MA. Nursing activities in the treatment of alcoholics in the community and mental health faculties. J Alcoholism and Relates Addictions 36(1):61-71, 2000. Naegle M: Primary care concepts in advanced mental health -psychiatric nursing. In Mezey M, McGivern D (Eds), Nurses, nurse practitioners: Evolution to advanced practice. New York: Springer Publishing, 1998. Nahas GG, Harvey DJ, Sutin KM. Psychoactive cannabinoids and membrane signaling. Hum Psychopharmachol Clin Exp 15:535-549, 2000. Onoprishvili I, Andria ML, Vilim FS, Hiller JM, Simon EJ. The bovine mu opioid receptor: cloning of cDNA and pharmacological characterization of the receptor expressed in mammalian cells. Mol Brain Res 73:129-137, 1999. Pace N, Frick HC, Sutin K, Manger W, Hyman G, Nahas G. The medical use of marihuana and THC in perspective. Marihuana and Medicine, 2000. In Nahas GG, et al, Humana Press, 2000. Reid MS, Mickalian JD, Delucchi K, Berger SP. A nicotine antagonist, mecamylamine, reduces cue-induced cocaine craving in cocaine dependent subjects. Neuropsychopharmacology 20:297-307, 1999. Reid MS, Fox L, Ho LB, Berger SP. Neuropharmacological characterization of nicotine stimulated glutamate levels in the nucleus accumbens. Synapse 35:129-136, 2000. Reid MS, Ho LB, Hsu K, Fox L. Tolliver BK, Franc A, Berger SP. Evidence for the involvement of cyclooxygenase activity n the development of cocaine sensitization. Pharmacology Biochemistry and Behavior, in press. Reid MS, Leiderman D, Casadonte P, Montgomery A, Majewska D, Sanfilipo M, Baker S. Braunstein D, Conner E, Robinson J, Rotrosen J. A controlled trial of olanzapine, valproate or c-enzyme Q 10/L-carnitine versus placebo for the treatment of cocaine dependence. In preparation (presented at CODD-2000), 2001. Reid MS, Fox L, Ho LB, Berger SP: Neuropharmacological characterization of nicotine stimulated glutamate levels in the nucleus accumbens. Synapse, (submitted) 1998. Reid MS, Hsu K, Souza KH, Broderick PA, Berger SP: Neuropharmacological characterization of local ibogaine effects on dopamine release. J Neural Transmission 103:967-985, 1996. Reid MS, O’Leary S, Ciplet D, Tom M, Prichel L. Quantitative Eeg correlates of cue-induced cocaine craving: evidence for increased high frequency activity in rontal cortex. In preparation (presented at Society for Neuroscience-1999), 2001. Reid MS, Ho LB, Berger SP: Behavioral and neurochemical components of nicotine sensitization following 15-day pretreatment: Studies on contextual conditioning. Behavioral Pharmacology 9:137-148, 1998. Resnick RB, Galanter M, Resnick E, Pycha C: Buprenorphine treatment of heroin dependence in a private practice setting. J Addictive Dis 20:75-83, 2001. Siegel C, Wanderling S. Private/public cost interfaces: shifts in the payers of persons who use specialty mental health services. J Mental Hlth Policy Eco 3(1), 2000. Solhkhah R, Wilens TE. Pharmacotherapy of adolescent alcohol and other drug use disorders. Alcohol Hlth Research World 22:122-125, 1998. Sziraki I, Sershen H, Benuck M. Hashim A Lajtha A. Differences in receptor system participation between nicotine-and cocaine-induced dopamine overflow in nucleus accumbens. Ann NY Acad Med 877:800-802, 1999. Taubes T, Galanter M, Dermatis H, Westreich L: Crack cocaine and schizophrenia as risk factors for PPD reactivity in the dually diagnosed. J Addictive Dis 17:63-74, 1998. Vadasz C, Sziraki I, Sasvari M, Kabai P, Murthy LR, Saito M, Laszlovszky I: Analysis of themesotelencephalic dopamine system by quantitative trait locus introgression. Neurochemical Research 23:1337-1354, 1998. Volkow ND, Wang GJ, Fowler JS, Hitzemann RJ, Angrist B, Gatley SJ, Logan J, Ding TS, Papas N. Methylpenidate enduced craving in cocaine abusers is associated with changes in right striato-orbito-frontal metabolism: implications in addiction. Am J Psychiat 156:19-26, 1999.
The Division of Alcoholism and Drug Abuse is a component of the Department of Psychiatry, NYU Medical School, Robert Cancro, M.D., Chairman. Professor and Director of the Division: Marc Galanter, M.D. Professors:
Research Professors:
Clinical Professors:
Associate Professors:
Research Associate Professors:
Clinical Associate Professors:
Assistant Professor:
Research Assistant Professors:
Clinical Assistant Professors:
Clinical Instructors:
The following faculty are Directors of the affiliated programs: Murray Alpert, Ph.D. (Professor) and Ilene Cohen, (Clinical Associate Professor); Psychology; Carol Bernstein, M.D. (Associate Professor of Clinical; Psychiatry Residency); Eugene Laska, Ph.D. (Research Professor; Epidemiology, NKI); Manuel Trujillo, M.D. (Professor of Clinical; Bellevue Psychiatry). |