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Definition  

An echocardiogram uses sound waves (called ultrasound) to look at the size, shape, and motion of the heart.

The test shows:

  • Four chambers of the heart
  • Heart valves and the walls of the heart
  • Blood vessels entering and leaving the heart
  • The sac that surrounds the heart
The Heart Sac  
heart sac vessels

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In addition to this standard test, there are specialized echocardiograms:

  • Contrast echocardiogram—A solution is injected into the vein and can be seen in the heart.
  • Stress echocardiogram—This records the heart's activity during a cardiac stress test.
  • Echocardiogram with Doppler ultrasound—This helps your doctor assess blood flow.
  • Transesophageal echocardiogram—To provide clear images of the heart, the ultrasound device is put down your throat. Your doctor may need to use this view depending on what part of the heart needs to be looked at.
    • Also, if you have the following conditions, you may need this test, rather than the standard echocardiogram:

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Reasons for Test  

An echocardiogram may be used to:

  • Evaluate a heart murmur
  • Diagnose valve conditions
  • Find changes in the heart's structure
  • Assess motion of the chamber walls and damage to the heart muscle after a heart attack
  • Assess how different parts of the heart work in people with chronic heart disease
  • Determine if fluid is collecting around the heart
  • Identify growths in the heart
  • Assess and monitor congenital defects
  • Test blood flow through the heart
  • Assess heart or major blood vessel damage caused by trauma
  • Test heart function and diagnose heart and lungs problems in very ill patients
  • Assess chest pain
  • Look for blood clots within heart chambers
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What to Expect  
Prior to Test  

Your doctor may do the following:

  • Physical exam
  • Electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)—a test that records the heart's activity by measuring electrical currents through the heart muscle
Description of Test  

A gel is put on your chest. This gel helps the sound waves travel. The technician presses a small, hand-held device (called a transducer) against your skin. The transducer sends sound waves toward your heart. The sound waves are then reflected back to the device. The waves are converted into electrical impulses. These impulses become an image on the screen.

The technician can capture a still image, or videotape moving images. To get clearer and more complete images, the technician may move the transducer to different areas of your chest. You may be asked to change positions and slowly inhale, exhale, or hold your breath.

After Test  

The gel is wiped from your chest.

How Long Will It Take?  

30-60 minutes

Will It Hurt?  

No

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Results  

The images are analyzed by a specialist. Based on the findings, your doctor will recommend treatment or further testing.

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Call Your Doctor  

After the test, call your doctor if you have worsening heart-related symptoms.