Fifth Disease

Fifth Disease  

Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.

Definition  

Fifth disease is a viral infection common in children. The infection results in a mild rash on the face, trunk, and limbs. In healthy people, fifth disease usually goes away without medical treatment. Pregnant women, people with immune system problems, sickle cell anemia , or other blood disorders may be more effected. They may need to see a doctor.

Causes  

Fifth disease is caused by a virus called parvovirus B19. About half of all adults have been infected with this virus at some time.

The parvovirus is found in saliva, sputum coughed up from the lungs, and nasal mucus. It is usually spread from person-to-person through contact with those fluids.

Risk Factors  

The following factors increase your chance of developing fifth disease:

• Age: fifth disease occurs most often in children
• Contact with someone infected with parvovirus B19

There is a parvovirus that can cause infections in cats and dogs. This is not the same virus that can make humans ill. Contact with an animal with a parvovirus will not make you ill.

Symptoms  

If you have any of these symptoms, do not assume it is due to fifth disease. These symptoms may be caused by other conditions.

The first signs of fifth disease usually occur within 4 to 14 days after becoming infected. These symptoms may include:

• Low-grade fever
• Headache
• Stuffy or runny nose

A bright red rash on the face will begin to show a few days after these first signs. The rash is known as slapped cheek rash. Several days later, this rash spreads down the trunk and limbs. The rash usually goes away within 7 to 10 days.

In some adults, there may be no symptoms or rash. Adults are more likely to have joint pain and swelling with this infection.

Diagnosis  

Your doctor will ask about your symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done.

Tests may include the following:

• Examination of the rash
• Blood test to identify antibodies to parvovirus

Treatment  

Talk with your doctor about the best treatment plan for you. Usually, fifth disease does not require any treatment other than rest.

Treatment options include the following: