Pulmonary Atresia—Child
Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.
Copyright © Nucleus Medical Media, Inc.
Definition
Pulmonary atresia is a rare heart defect. In a normal heart, the blood flows in from the body to the right atrium. It then goes into the right ventricle. Next, the blood travels to the lungs through the pulmonary valve. Here, it picks up fresh oxygen. The blood then returns to the left atrium and goes into the left ventricle. The blood moves out to the rest of the body.
With this defect, there is no pulmonary valve in the heart. Blood cannot flow into the pulmonary artery. This is the artery that brings blood to the lungs. Other heart problems, like a small right ventricle, may also be present. This is a serious condition that requires care from a doctor.
Causes
A direct cause is not known. This defect develops while the baby is forming in the womb. The baby is born with the condition.
Risk Factors
These factors increase the chance of pulmonary atresia in your child:
- Family history of congenital heart defect
- Other heart defects
- Certain chromosomal disorders (eg, DiGeorge syndrome )
Symptoms
Symptoms may include:
- Blue skin color
- Rapid or difficult breathing
- Fatigue
- Irritability
Your child’s doctor may also detect a heart murmur during the exam.
These symptoms may be due to other conditions. If your child has any of these, tell the doctor right away.
Diagnosis
Your doctor will:
- Ask about your child’s symptoms and medical history
- Do a physical exam
Tests may include the following:
- Echocardiogram —a test that uses sound waves (ultrasound) to examine the size, shape, and motion of the heart
- Chest x-ray —imaging test that uses low amounts of radiation to get a picture of the chest
- Electrocardiogram (ECG, EKG)