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Definition  

A ventriculoperitoneal shunt operation is a surgery where a doctor inserts a drainage tube (catheter) into the brain. The tube runs into the abdominal cavity. This tube is used to move extra fluid in the brain to the abdomen where it can be absorbed. The entire tube is under the skin and not visible.

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Hydrocephalus  
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Reasons for Procedure  

This type of shunt is used to treat hydrocephalus . It happens when there is too much fluid in the brain. Extra fluid can cause increased pressure. This pressure can damage sensitive brain tissues. The shunt drains the extra fluid and reduces pressure on the brain.

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Possible Complications  

Complications are rare, but no procedure is completely free of risk. If your child is going to have this surgery, your doctor will review a list of possible complications, which may include:

  • Shunt failure
  • Brain swelling
  • Blood clot or bleeding in the brain
  • Infection in the shunt or brain
  • Damage to brain tissue
  • Reaction to the anesthesia (eg, light-headedness, low blood pressure, wheezing)

Be sure to discuss these risks with the doctor before the surgery.

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What to Expect  

Prior to Procedure  

At your child’s doctor appointment before the surgery, the doctor may:

  • Do a neurological exam—This is to find out how your child’s nerves work. It involves evaluating mental status, as well as motor and sensory abilities.
  • Order MRI or CT scans of the brain—Images of your child’s body will help the doctor plan the surgery.
  • Answer any question that you have—Can my child take her regular medicines before the surgery? What kind of recovery can we expect? How soon will symptoms start to improve? What are signs that the shunt is not working?
  • Instruct your child to not eat or drink before the surgery—Your child’s doctor will give you instructions about fasting based on your child’s age. Fasting may range from 6-12 hours before surgery.

Anesthesia  

General anesthesia will be used. It will block any pain and keep your child asleep during the surgery. It is given through an IV (needle) in the hand or arm.

Description of the Procedure  

A breathing tube will be placed to help your child breathe during surgery. The scalp and abdomen are cleaned with antiseptic. The doctor will make small incisions in the scalp and abdomen. A small hole is made in the skull. A catheter is passed through the hole into your child’s brain. Then the catheter is tunneled under the skin down to the abdomen. This end of the catheter is put into the abdominal cavity. The incisions are closed and a dressing is applied to each area.

Immediately After Procedure  

After the surgery, your child will be taken to the recovery room for observation. If all is well, the breathing tube will likely be removed there. Your child will be moved to a hospital room to recover.

How Long Will It Take?  

1-1½ hours

How Much Will It Hurt?  

Anesthesia prevents pain during surgery. Your child may be given medicine to treat pain and soreness after surgery.

Average Hospital Stay  

Your child may be in the hospital for 3-7 days. Your child’s doctor may choose to keep him longer if complications arise.

Post-procedure Care  

At the Hospital  

  • Your child may need to lay flat for up to 24 hours after surgery.
  • Your child’s heart rate, blood pressure, breathing rate, and brain status will be monitored closely.
  • Your child will receive nutrition through an IV until she is ready to eat and drink.
  • The shunt will be checked to make sure it is working.
  • Antibiotics may be given. Pain medicine will be given as needed.