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Definition
Roseola is an infection caused by a virus. It is characterized by a sudden onset of high fever followed by a rash. This disorder usually resolves on its own with no complications. Roseola can occur year round, but it is most common in the spring and fall.
Causes
Roseola is usually caused by a virus called human herpesvirus 6 (HHV-6). It can also be caused by human herpesvirus 7 (HHV-7). These viruses are not the same as the herpes viruses that cause cold sores or genital herpes .
Risk Factors
Factors that increase the chance of roseola include:
- Age: 6 months to 3 years; most common between 6 months and 15 months
- Contact with an infected child is rarely reported
Symptoms
Symptoms of roseola include the following:
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Fever
- 103°F to 105°F
- Begins suddenly and is not associated with other symptoms
- Lasts 3 days, occasionally a day or two longer
- Convulsions may occur in association with high fever in up to 5% to 10% of children
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Rash is characteristic in roseola and develops typically 12-24 hours after the fever
- Appears first on chest and abdomen
- Rose-colored
- May spread to arms, legs, neck, and face
- Lasts for a few hours to a few days and does not itch
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Other symptoms or signs may include:
- Swelling of lymph nodes in the neck and behind the ears
- Irritability
- Poor appetite
- Upper respiratory tract infection symptoms may be present before onset of fever
The appearance of a rash after the fever disappears is the characteristic sign of roseola.
Diagnosis
The doctor will ask about symptoms and medical history. A physical exam will be done. The symptoms and physical findings of roseola are so distinctive that no other tests are usually needed. Often, there is a history of other children with roseola in the community.