Background

The brain depends on the glucose provided by the circulating blood for 99% of its energy needs. For glucose to be used by the brain or any other organ, it must get from the blood to the cells that need it. Many studies show that the brain’s demand for glucose depends on its work related requirements. It needs more when working hard, as is the case when trying to remember something.

Many brain-imaging machines are available today. However, only the Positron Emission Tomography (PET) scan can detect areas of decreased or increased brain glucose metabolism. A PET scan measures brain metabolism using a small dose of isotope-labeled glucose. By using the labeled glucose and then taking pictures of the location of the glucose in the brain, we can visualize some aspects of how your brain functions bio-chemically. The small amount of radiation you receive from this isotope tracer is less than most other medical imaging procedures and it conforms to FDA and other radiation safety regulations. A PET scan allows us to quantitatively evaluate how much glucose the cells in the various parts of the brain use. The less glucose an area of the brain uses, the more likely there have been disease-related changes.

Previous PET studies have found that brain glucose metabolism is reduced in normal control subjects who are at increased risk for AD based on genetic factors or structural brain changes determined from MRI. Brain glucose metabolism is reduced in the hippocampus and entorhinal cortex (brain regions important for memory) in individuals with mild cognitive impairment (MCI), which is a risk factor for AD.

Commonly Asked Questions

1. What is a PET Scan?
PET stands for Positron Emission Tomography. A PET scan is a neuroimaging technique that uses a low-dose of radioactive glucose to measure brain function. For more information, click here.

2. How long does the study take? Are these days consecutive?
The study takes 3-4 days to complete. Please refer to the sample schedule. These days do not need to be consecutive. We understand that our target population includes people that may have a full-time job and we will try to accommodate their schedules as much as possible.

3. How are the participants compensated?
Participants do receive $100 upon completion of the PET scan

4. What is the purpose of this study?
The purpose of this study is to find early predictors of AD. If there is decreased glucose metabolism in the brain, it may be a sign of the development of AD.

5. Is this procedure safe?
Yes, this is a safe procedure. The amount of radiation received during this study is a little more than what is used during a chest x-ray. All procedures are FDA approved.

6. Where is BNL?
Brookhaven National Laboratories is located in Upton, Long Island. On the day of your PET scan we will provide transportation to the labs as well as a lunch.

7. What happens if you find something abnormal?
If we find any abnormalities we will inform you. If these problems are potentially life threatening, you will meet with a doctor here to discuss the next step. More than likely, you will be given a referral to a doctor that will be able to care for you.

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