Ruth A Walters, M.D.

Erosive plaques on the dorsal surfaces of the hands
Mandell, Jenny A; Tlougan, Brook E; Jabbari, Ali; Walters, Ruth F; Kundu, Roopal V
2012 Feb;66(2):e31-e32, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
— id: 149961, year: 2012, vol: 66, page: e31, stat: Journal Article,

Eruptive collagenomas
Batra, Priya; Loyd, Aaron; Patel, Rishi; Walters, Ruth; Stein, Jennifer A
2010 ;16(11):3-3, Dermatology online journal
A 24-year-old woman presented with hypopigmented papules of the abdomen that had been present for four years without a family history of similar cutaneous findings or associated medical problems. Histopathologic features confirmed the diagnosis of a connective-tissue nevus that was composed of collagen. Eruptive collagenomas are a rare form of acquired collagenomas, which are characterized by the sudden appearance of asymptomatic papules and nodules on the lower trunk and extremities; the lesions are composed of haphazardly arranged collagen fibers. The pathogenesis is unknown, lesions are persistent, and therapeutic options have not been reported
— id: 115715, year: 2010, vol: 16, page: 3, stat: Journal Article,

Disseminated superficial porokeratosis
Brauer, Jeremy A; Mandal, Rajni; Walters, Ruth; Solomon, Gary; Kundu, Roopal V; Strober, Bruce E
2010 ;16(11):20-20, Dermatology online journal
A 62-year-old woman with psoriasis and psoriatic arthritis presented for evaluation and treatment of a one-week history of pruritic, pink spots on her trunk and extremities. Several weeks prior, therapy with certolizumab pegol and methotrexate was started for her psoriatic arthritis. A biopsy specimen was consistent with the diagnosis of porokeratosis. Owing to the setting of immunosuppression and presence of symmetric pruritic lesions on non-sun exposed areas, the diagnosis of disseminated superficial porokeratosis was made
— id: 115711, year: 2010, vol: 16, page: 20, stat: Journal Article,

Pachydermodactyly
Hunt, Raegan; Mandal, Rajni; Walters, Ruth; Schaffer, Julie V
2010 ;16(11):5-5, Dermatology online journal
A 16-year-old boy presented to the Pediatric Dermatology Clinic at the Charles C. Harris Skin and Cancer Pavilion with a two-year history of asymptomatic swelling of fingers on both hands. His condition had remained undiagnosed after previous evaluation by several dermatologists and hand specialists. He initially had noticed increased fullness of his proximal left fourth digit. Several months later, he noted swelling of his left fifth digit and right second through fourth digits. The patient reported no pain, pruritus, restriction of movement, morning stiffness, or trauma. He also denied repetitive hand-rubbing movements although his mother stated that he had this habit as a child. Past medical history included allergic rhinitis and asthma. Similar hand findings were not present in any other members of his family
— id: 115714, year: 2010, vol: 16, page: 5, stat: Journal Article,

Glomangioma
Leger, Marie; Patel, Utpal; Mandal, Rajni; Walters, Ruth; Cook, Kathleen; Haimovic, Adele; Franks, Andrew G Jr
2010 ;16(11):11-11, Dermatology online journal
A 22-year-old man presented with a 9-year history of multiple blue nodules on the medial aspect of his right arm. A biopsy specimen showed a cystic space with a cuboidal cellular lining that stained positive for alpha-smooth-muscle actin; these findings were consistent with multiple glomangiomas. We review the clinical and histopathologic characteristics of this rare entity
— id: 115712, year: 2010, vol: 16, page: 11, stat: Journal Article,

Secondary follicular mucinosis associated with systemic lupus erythematosus
O'Reilly, Kathryn; Brauer, Jeremy; Loyd, Aaron; Patel, Rishi; Walters, Ruth; Franks, Andrew G Jr
2010 ;16(11):7-7, Dermatology online journal
A 61-year-old woman presented with a five-month history of an intermittent eruption of papules and nodules on her face and neck. Past medical history included systemic lupus erythematosus. Histopathologic examination was consistent with secondary follicular mucinosis in association with systemic lupus erythematosus. This rare entity has been described in one prior report as a precursor to the clinical onset of systemic lupus erythematosus. Follicular mucinosis occurs as either a primary idiopathic form or a secondary form associated with either benign inflammatory processes or malignant conditions, such as cutaneous T-cell lymphoma. Numerous treatments for primary follicular mucinosis have been described, which include isotretinoin and glucocorticoids, whereas treatment of the underlying disease is necessary in the secondary form. The association with lymphoma mandates long-term clinical monitoring of patients with particularly recalcitrant, widespread, or chronic follicular mucinosis
— id: 115713, year: 2010, vol: 16, page: 7, stat: Journal Article,

Acquired perforating calcific collagenosis after topical calcium chloride exposure
Patel, Rishi R; Zirvi, Monib; Walters, Ruth F; Kamino, Hideko
2010 May 1;37(5):593-596, Journal of cutaneous pathology
A 24-year-old healthy man presented with a 6-week history of numerous umbilicated coalescing erythematous papules with some scale and crust on his anterior medial thighs. The eruption began 1 to 2 weeks after he spilled calcium chloride rock salts on his pants while salting the sidewalk during a snow storm. The salts dissolved and remained in contact with his skin for at least 4 hours until he was able to change clothes. A skin biopsy shows thick and thin collagen fibers with partial calcification in the papillary and upper reticular dermis associated with a sparse infiltrate of neutrophils, lymphocytes and mononuclear histiocytes. There are foci of transepidermal elimination of calcified fibers with adjacent epidermal hyperplasia and ortho- and parakeratosis. Von Kossa stain highlights calcification of the fibers, and trichrome stain confirms the fibers are collagen. A Verhoeff-van Gieson stain shows no abnormality of elastic fibers. The patient was treated with topical betametasone diproprionate cream twice daily for 3 weeks, as well as a short course of oral levofloxacin and topical gentamicin cream. The lesions resolved over 3 weeks with residual scarring. We report a unique case of acquired perforating calcific collagenosis secondary to topical calcium chloride exposure. Patel RR, Zirvi M, Walters RF, Kamino H. Acquired perforating calcific collagenosis after topical calcium chloride exposure
— id: 105296, year: 2010, vol: 37, page: 593, stat: Journal Article,

Massive localized lymphedema: A soft tissue process that may present to dermatologists
Wang, Nadia S; Walters, Ruth F; Warren, Simon J
2010 Jun;32(4):380-383, American journal of dermatopathology
Massive localized lymphedema (MLL) is a clinically and histologically distinct entity seen in morbidly obese patients. We describe two obese patients with MLL in the lower abdomen and suprapubic area. Biopsies showed characteristic histologic features of an expanded dermis with lymphangiectases, fibrotic septae and focal fat necrosis. One patient had long-standing hypothyroidism, an association previously reported. This disease is frequently complicated by recurrent cellulitis and may be amenable to surgery. Patients with MLL may present to dermatologists, and this disease has characteristic histopathologic findings that may mimic liposarcoma to the unaware dermatopathologist
— id: 109858, year: 2010, vol: 32, page: 380, stat: Journal Article,

Acral lymphomatoid papulosis
Yancovitz, Molly; Walters, Ruth F; Kamino, Hideko; Brown, Lance H
2010 Mar;62(3):530-531, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
— id: 107287, year: 2010, vol: 62, page: 530, stat: Journal Article,

PERFORATING DISORDER WITH UNDERLYING CALCINOSIS CUTIS AFTER TOPICAL CALCIUM CHLORIDE EXPOSURE
Patel, R; Zirvi, M; Walters, R; Kamino, H
2009 JAN ;36(1):147-147, Journal of cutaneous pathology
— id: 91496, year: 2009, vol: 36, page: 147, stat: Journal Article,

Elastic fiber pattern in scleroderma/morphea
Walters, Ruth; Pulitzer, Melissa; Kamino, Hideko
2009 Sep;36(9):952-957, Journal of cutaneous pathology
BACKGROUND: Scleroderma/morphea is characterized by expansion of the dermis with thickened collagen bundles and loss of CD34(+) dermal dendrocytes. Variable elastic fiber changes have been described, but to our knowledge, no systematic study of the elastic fiber pattern correlated with CD34 expression has been reported. METHODS: To better define the typical elastic fiber morphology, we examined seven cases of normal skin and 28 cases of scleroderma/morphea ranging from inflammatory to sclerosing stages. All but four biopsies were submitted with a clinical impression of either scleroderma or morphea. CD34 immunohistochemistry was performed on 26 biopsies with available tissue. RESULTS: Elastic van Gieson stain showed preservation of elastic fibers in all cases. In addition, straightening with parallel orientation and compression between thickened collagen bundles was frequently present and was graded as limited in 46% and diffuse in 54% of cases. The extent of elastic fiber alteration correlated with the degree of sclerosis. A variable loss of CD34(+) dermal dendritic cells was seen in all cases. CONCLUSION: This study confirms the preservation and frequent presence of parallel, straightened and compressed elastic fibers in scleroderma/morphea and suggests that the elastic fiber pattern, in addition to CD34 immunohistochemistry, may serve as a useful diagnostic adjunct
— id: 101456, year: 2009, vol: 36, page: 952, stat: Journal Article,

Acquired smooth-muscle hamartoma
Yancovitz, Molly; Gonzalez, Mercedes E; Votava, Henry J; Walters, Ruth; Kundu, Roopal; Shupack, Jerome L
2009 ;15(8):12-12, Dermatology online journal
A 52-year-old woman presented with an occasionally pruritic, hyperpigmented and hypertrichotic, indurated plaque on the left upper arm that initially developed during childhood. Histopathologic examination showed changes that were consistent with a smooth-muscle hamartoma. Cutaneous smooth-muscle hamartomas are uncommon benign neoplasms. Most lesions are congenital, but there have been a few reports of acquired lesions. These lesions have been described as part of a spectrum of neoplasms that include Becker nevi since they share many clinical and histopathologic features
— id: 108420, year: 2009, vol: 15, page: 12, stat: Journal Article,

Proliferating trichilemmal cyst with focal calcification
Anolik, Robert; Firoz, Bahar; Walters, Ruth F; Meehan, Shane A; Tsou, Hui C; Whitlow, Michael; Wainwright, Brent
2008 ;14(10):25-25, Dermatology online journal
A 64-year-old man presented with a superficial, well-demarcated, skin-colored tumor on the left posterior scalp that measured 4 x 5 x 6 cm. The tumor was nearly hairless, rubbery, non-tender, and mobile over the underlying subcutaneous tissues. The lesion had grown slowly since arising approximately 30 years ago. Treatment options were declined in the past. However, with relatively more rapid growth over the past five years, the nodule began to cause intermittent pain and interfere with the patient's ability to lie on his back. The patient denied a history of similar lesions in himself or his family. A biopsy specimen showed a ruptured proliferating trichilemmal cyst with focal calcification. Complete excision is recommended for all benign proliferating variants owing to their potential for locally aggressive behavior and malignant transformation
— id: 95417, year: 2008, vol: 14, page: 25, stat: Journal Article,

Epidermodysplasia verruciformis in the setting of HIV infection
Chen, Peter Jr; Kamino, Hideko; Walters, Ruth F; Rosenman, Karla; Pomeranz, Miriam K; Sanchez, Miguel
2008 ;14(10):1-1, Dermatology online journal
A 56-year-old man with human immunodeficiency virus infection presented with pink-to-hypopigmented, thin, flat-topped papules coalescent to plaques on the trunk and extremities for five years. The histopathologic findings were consistent with flat warts resembling epidermodysplasia verruciformis. Typically an inherited condition, this entity has also been observed in the setting of immunosuppression; the risk of developing non-melanoma skin cancers is of concern. Treatment options vary considerably, but often the lesions will recur upon cessation of therapy
— id: 95645, year: 2008, vol: 14, page: 1, stat: Journal Article,

Unilateral nevoid telangiectasia
Dadlani, Chicky; Kamino, Hideko; Walters, Ruth F; Rosenman, Karla; Pomeranz, Miriam K
2008 ;14(10):3-3, Dermatology online journal
A 30-year-old woman, who was six months pregnant, presented with multiple, blanching, asymptomatic telangiectasies on her right upper extremity for two years. At the onset of her pregnancy, her lesions increased in number and redness. Given the unilateral distribution and worsening during pregnancy, a diagnosis of unilateral nevoid telangiectasia was made. This condition is a rare entity that has been most commonly reported in association with puberty, pregnancy, the use of oral contraceptives, and alcoholic cirrhosis. However, there have been case reports in otherwise healthy individuals
— id: 95643, year: 2008, vol: 14, page: 3, stat: Journal Article,

Invasive squamous-cell carcinoma and arsenical keratoses
Elmariah, Sarina B; Anolik, Robert; Walters, Ruth F; Rosenman, Karla; Pomeranz, Miriam K; Sanchez, Miguel R
2008 ;14(10):24-24, Dermatology online journal
A 42-year-old man presented with a six-month history of a slowly-enlarging ulcer on his right sole, a 30-year history of altered pigmentation of the trunk and extremities, and hyperkeratotic papules of the palms and soles. Histopathologic examination showed an invasive squamous-cell carcinoma of the right sole and hyperkeratosis with keratinocyte atypia of the left finger and left lateral foot. The clinical and histopathologic findings are consistent with chronic arsenicism, which most commonly occurs in the setting of drinking contaminated water or after occupational exposure. Evaluation should include a physical examination, basic laboratory work-up, and measurement of a 24-hour urine arsenic concentration. Vigilant surveillance for the development of cutaneous malignancies is required. Oral retinoids may be helpful in reducing hyperkeratosis secondary to chronic arsenicism
— id: 107817, year: 2008, vol: 14, page: 24, stat: Journal Article,

Nodular pretibial myxedema
Hunzeker, Christopher M; Kamino, Hideko; Walters, Ruth F; Kovich, Olympia I
2008 ;14(10):8-8, Dermatology online journal
A 30-year-old man with previously diagnosed and treated Graves disease presented for consultation regarding asymptomatic nodules over his anterior tibias. He was euthyroid at the time of presentation. The nodules arose symmetrically beneath the sites of pressure from his military boots. A biopsy specimen showed an accumulation of acid mucopolysaccharides consistent with pretibial myxedema. The patient had recently stopped smoking and chewing tobacco, which are known risk factors for the development of pretibial myxedema. Following diagnostic punch biopsies, the patient experienced a rapid resolution of the nodule on his right leg and a appreciable reduction in size of the nodule on the left leg. Three months later, the nodules are beginning to enlarge once again
— id: 94931, year: 2008, vol: 14, page: 8, stat: Journal Article,

Trichoepithelioma
Johnson, Hillary; Robles, Mirin; Kamino, Hideko; Walters, Ruth F; Lee, Arnold; Sanchez, Miguel
2008 ;14(10):5-5, Dermatology online journal
A 29-year-old man presented with a long-standing history of asymptomatic, skin-colored, facial papules and nodules. Histopathologic examination of a representative papule demonstrated trichoepithelioma. The patient had a history of a brother with a similar phenotype, which suggests a diagnosis of familial trichoepithelioma. Linkage and mutational analyses support genetic heterogeneity of familial trichoepithelioma, possibly sharing a clinical spectrum with Brooke-Spiegler syndrome and familial cylindromatosis since each entity has been associated with mutations the CYLD gene
— id: 95641, year: 2008, vol: 14, page: 5, stat: Journal Article,

FoxP3+CD4+T regulatory cells and survival in melanoma
Kamino, H; Walters, R; Tam, S; Ratech, H
2008 JAN ;21(2):96A-96A, Modern pathology
— id: 75910, year: 2008, vol: 21, page: 96A, stat: Journal Article,

FoxP3+CD4+T regulatory cells and survival in melanoma
Kamino, H; Walters, R; Tam, S; Ratech, H
2008 JAN ;88(2):96A-96A, Laboratory investigation
— id: 75932, year: 2008, vol: 88, page: 96A, stat: Journal Article,

Lichen planopilaris and psoriasis
Lane, Tameka K; Kamino, Hideko; Walters, Ruth F; Meehan, Shane; Pomeranz, Miriam K
2008 ;14(10):4-4, Dermatology online journal
A 34-year-old woman presented with large, scaly patches of alopecia with a peripheral rim of violaceous, folliculocentric papules and appreciable pruritus of one-year duration. Histopathologic examination showed changes consistent with lichen planopilaris and psoriasis, which was suggested by neutrophilic spongiosis. Consequently, cyclosporine and betamethasone valerate topical 0.12 percent foam twice daily were initiated. A short time after, there was clinical reduction of perifollicular erythema and attenuation of pruritus. However, there was no decrease of scale. Although LLP is classified in the lymphocytic group of cicatricial alopecias, this case demonstrates a clinical and histopathologic overlap with a psoriasiform dermatosis which may represent a collision of two diseases
— id: 95642, year: 2008, vol: 14, page: 4, stat: Journal Article,

Cutaneous umbilical endometriosis
Lee, Arnold; Tran, Hien T; Walters, Ruth F; Yee, Herman; Rosenman, Karla; Sanchez, Miguel R
2008 ;14(10):23-23, Dermatology online journal
A 35-year-old woman presented with a four-month history of a tender umbilical nodule that bleeds during her menstrual period. Physical examination showed a hyperpigmented umbilical nodule. A biopsy specimen showed fibrotic dermis with increased numbers of blood vessels and scattered glandular structures with areas of hemosiderin deposition consistent with a diagnosis of endometriosis. Cutaneous umbilical endometriosis is rare, with an estimated incidence of 0.5 to 1.0 percent. Although anti-gonadotropin medications, such as danazol, have been used for symptomatic control, but surgical excision is the treatment of choice owing to the possibility of malignant degeneration of cutaneous endometriosis
— id: 107818, year: 2008, vol: 14, page: 23, stat: Journal Article,

Exogenous ochronosis
Merola, Joseph F; Meehan, Shane; Walters, Ruth F; Brown, Lance
2008 ;14(10):6-6, Dermatology online journal
A 55-year-old woman with melasma develops biopsy-proved exogenous ochronosis in the setting of prolonged topical hydroquinone use. A limited number of similar reports exist in the US literature and are the basis for an FDA call to review hydroquinone-based products. This case underscores the difficult therapeutic dilemma which this diagnosis presents to dermatologists
— id: 115716, year: 2008, vol: 14, page: 6, stat: Journal Article,

Pretibial epidermolysis bullosa
Rizzo, Carina; Anandasabapathy, Niroshana; Walters, Ruth F; Rosenman, Karla; Kamino, Hideko; Prystowsky, Steven; Schaffer, Julie V
2008 ;14(10):26-26, Dermatology online journal
A 47-year-old Vietnamese woman presented with dystrophic fingernails and toenails that had been present since infancy. She also had developed, in the third decade, pretibial pruritus with vesicle formation and progressive localized papules and scars. Multiple family members were similarly affected. Physical examination showed lichenoid papules that coalesced into large plaques that were studded with milia over the pretibial areas and 20 nail dystrophy. A biopsy specimen showed milia-like structures and dermal fibrosis. Pretibial epidermolysis bullosa is a rare variant of dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa that shows appreciable clinical overlap with dystrophic epidermolysis bullosa pruginosa. Both disease subsets are characterized by the late age of onset, nail dystrophy, and predominantly pretibial pruritic lichenoid skin lesion; they are associated with glycine substitution mutations in COL7A1
— id: 95637, year: 2008, vol: 14, page: 26, stat: Journal Article,

Mastocytosis with urticaria pigmentosa and osteoporosis
Stein, Jennifer A; Kamino, Hideko; Walters, Ruth F; Pomeranz, Miriam K
2008 ;14(10):2-2, Dermatology online journal
A 76-year-old man with a 52-year history of urticaria pigmentosa was found to have an elevated serum tryptase level as well as osteoporosis. Histopathologic alterations of one his skin lesions showed an infiltrate of mast cells. Urticaria pigmentosa patients are at risk for osteoporosis because of elevated heparin and stem-cell factor levels. These patients should be screened with serum tryptase levels and bone density studies to detect osteoporosis, regardless of their age
— id: 95644, year: 2008, vol: 14, page: 2, stat: Journal Article,

Mycobacterium marinum infection
Tran, Hien; Kamino, Hideko; Walters, Ruth F
2008 ;14(10):7-7, Dermatology online journal
A 64-year-old man presented for evaluation of tender pustules that developed on his right hand and subsequently spread up his arms in a sporotrichoid manner. Owing to the prominent history of recent trauma followed by fish tank exposure, the patient was started on doxycycline for coverage of Mycobacterium marinum. Subsequent tissue culture grew M. marinum and confirmed the clinical diagnosis. M. marinum is an atypical mycobacteria that is ubiquitously found in aquatic environments. Owing to its optimal growth temperature of 25 to 35 degrees C, infections in humans are mostly restricted to the skin. Furthermore, the organism can spread by lymphatic drainage leading to the clinical appearance of sporotrichoid lesions. The preferred treatment for M. marinum is doxycycline, which was started in our patient and has subsequently improved his clinical condition
— id: 95640, year: 2008, vol: 14, page: 7, stat: Journal Article,

Elastic fiber pattern in scleroderma/morphea
Walters, R; Pulitzer, M; Kamino, H
2008 JAN ;35(1):131-131, Journal of cutaneous pathology
— id: 87188, year: 2008, vol: 35, page: 131, stat: Journal Article,

Radiation-induced sarcoma after high-dose thoracic radiation therapy in non-small-cell lung cancer
Stinchcombe, Thomas E; Walters, Ruth; Khandani, Amir H; Socinski, Mark A
2007 Apr 20;25(12):1621-1623, Journal of clinical oncology
— id: 115718, year: 2007, vol: 25, page: 1621, stat: Journal Article,

Consumption of the epidermis: a criterion in the differential diagnosis of melanoma and dysplastic nevi that is associated with increasing breslow depth and ulceration
Walters, Ruth Fulghum; Groben, Pamela A; Busam, Klaus; Millikan, Robert C; Rabinovitz, Harold; Cognetta, Armand; Mihm, Martin C Jr; Prieto, Victor G; Googe, Paul B; King, Roy; Moore, Dominic T; Woosley, John; Thomas, Nancy E
2007 Dec;29(6):527-533, American journal of dermatopathology
Consumption of the epidermis (COE), defined as thinning of the epidermis with attenuation of basal and suprabasal layers and loss of rete ridges adjacent to collections of melanocytes, is a recently coined term encompassing changes of the epidermal architecture associated with melanoma. To evaluate this feature as an additional diagnostic criterion for melanoma, we examined COE in 453 melanocytic lesions, including 213 invasive melanomas from a population-based series and 240 suspicious pigmented lesions from a clinic-based series, excluding halo and Spitz nevi. In the population-based series, COE was identified in 92/213 (43%) invasive melanomas and became progressively more frequent with increasing Breslow depth (P < 0.0001) and Clark level (P = 0.0002). COE was more frequent when mitotic figures (P < 0.0001), ulceration (P = 0.005), or vertical growth phase (P = 0.009) were present, but it was not significantly associated with age, gender, site, regression, or tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes. In the clinic-based series of pigmented lesions, COE was present in 2/25 (8%) in situ melanomas, 1/29 (3%) lesions classified as melanoma in situ/high-grade dysplastic nevi, and 1/40 (2.5%) high-grade dysplastic nevi. COE was not identified in 146 low-grade dysplastic, congenital, or common nevi. In the combined datasets, 94/96 (98%) lesions exhibiting COE were classified as melanoma. This study demonstrates that COE is frequently present in invasive melanomas, is associated with more aggressive histopathologic features (including increased Breslow depth and ulceration) and may be a useful supplementary diagnostic criterion for melanoma. Furthermore, the process leading to COE may be the first step in a progression to ulceration
— id: 115717, year: 2007, vol: 29, page: 527, stat: Journal Article,

Chagasic encephalitis as the initial manifestation of AIDS
Lambert, Nathan; Mehta, Brijesh; Walters, Ruth; Eron, Joseph J
2006 Jun 20;144(12):941-943, Annals of internal medicine
— id: 115720, year: 2006, vol: 144, page: 941, stat: Journal Article,

Eosinophilic neuritis and eosinophilic panniculitis in a patient with advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Soldano, Anthony C; Walters, Ruth; Groben, Pamela A
2006 Jul;130(7):1046-1048, Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine
The pruritic, papular eruption of human immunodeficiency virus with associated peripheral eosinophilia is well documented. We describe a 32-year-old African American man with advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome; a generalized painful, pruritic, papular rash; peripheral blood eosinophilia; and perineural eosinophilic infiltrates with eosinophilic panniculitis. To our knowledge, the latter 2 features have not been previously described in the literature on human immunodeficiency virus dermatoses. We propose that eosinophilic neuritis and eosinophilic panniculitis may represent additional findings in the spectrum of cutaneous disease seen in patients with advanced acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
— id: 115719, year: 2006, vol: 130, page: 1046, stat: Journal Article,

Hybrid system for telepathology
Zhou, J; Hogarth, M A; Walters, R F; Green, R; Nesbitt, T S
2000 Jul;31(7):829-833, Human pathology
We introduce a novel hybrid telepathology system providing simultaneous transmission of both real-time microscopy and static imagery at a reasonable cost. It is capable of capturing static, true color images at resolution of 1,520 x 1,144 pixels and providing live transmission of real-time video images of the glass slide in Common Intermediate Format (CIF), which can be viewed at 1,024 x 768 pixels or higher. Instant freeze function can be enabled with 4x CIF resolution (1,408 x 1,152 pixels). This system comprises the advantages of real-time transmission and high-resolution static imagery, while direct visual and audio communications are maintained at the same time. It uses standard 'off-the-shelf' components with a total cost of around $30,000 to $40,000. We also conclude that differences in telepathology modality and image quality have an impact on diagnostic accuracy and should be considered for discussion and standards development by professional organizations in the field of telepathology. An effort to ascertain the diagnostic limitations of various telepathology modalities is essential to the future use of this modality of pathology practice
— id: 115721, year: 2000, vol: 31, page: 829, stat: Journal Article,