Rudolph J Jaeger, Ph.D.

A survey of spatially distributed exterior dust lead loadings in New York City
Caravanos, Jack; Weiss, Arlene L; Blaise, Marc J; Jaeger, Rudolph J
2006 Feb;100(2):165-172, Environmental research
This work documents ambient lead dust deposition values (lead loading) for the boroughs of New York City in 2003-2004. Currently, no regulatory standards exist for exterior concentrations of lead in settled dust. This is in contrast to the clearance and risk assessment standards that exist for interior residential dust. The reported potential for neurobehavioral toxicity and adverse cognitive development in children due to lead exposure prompts public health concerns about undocumented lead sources. Such sources may include settled dust of outdoor origin. Dust sampling throughout the five boroughs of NYC was done from the top horizontal portion of pedestrian traffic control signals (PTCS) at selected street intersections along main thoroughfares. The data (n=214 samples) show that lead in dust varies within each borough with Brooklyn having the highest median concentration (730 microg/ft2), followed in descending order by Staten Island (452 microg/ft2), the Bronx (382 microg/ft2), Queens (198 microg/ft2) and finally, Manhattan (175 microg/ft2). When compared to the HUD/EPA indoor lead in dust standard of 40 microg/ft2, our data show that this value is exceeded in 86% of the samples taken. An effort was made to determine the source of the lead in the dust atop of the PTCS. The lead in the dust and the yellow signage paint (which contains lead) were compared using isotopic ratio analysis. Results showed that the lead-based paint chip samples from intact signage did not isotopically match the dust wipe samples taken from the same surface. We know that exterior dust containing lead contributes to interior dust lead loading. Therefore, settled leaded dust in the outdoor environment poses a risk for lead exposure to children living in urban areas, namely, areas with elevated childhood blood lead levels and background lead dust levels from a variety of unidentified sources
— id: 72123, year: 2006, vol: 100, page: 165, stat: Journal Article,

An exterior and interior leaded dust deposition survey in New York City: results of a 2-year study
Caravanos, Jack; Weiss, Arlene L; Jaeger, Rudolph J
2006 Feb;100(2):159-164, Environmental research
Environmental concentrations of leaded dust were monitored by weekly sample collection of interior and exterior settled dust that had accumulated due to atmospheric deposition. The weekly deposition amounts were measured and the cumulative rates of lead in dust that deposited on a weekly basis over 2 year's time were determined. The sampling analysis revealed that the median values of leaded dust for the interior plate (adjacent to the open window), unsheltered exterior plate, and the sheltered exterior plate were 4.8, 14.2, and 32.3 microg/feet2/week, respectively. The data supports the existence of a continuous source of deposited leaded dust in interior and exterior locations within New York City. Additional data from a control plate (interior plate with the window closed) demonstrate that the source of the interior lead deposition was from exterior (environmental) sources. Because of the ubiquitous nature of lead in our environment and the toxic threat of lead to the cognitive health of children, this data provides a framework for the understanding of environmental exposure to lead and its potential for continuing accumulation within an urban environment
— id: 72122, year: 2006, vol: 100, page: 159, stat: Journal Article,

Distribution of lead in urban roadway grit and its association with elevated steel structures
Weiss, Arlene L; Caravanos, Jack; Blaise, Marc J; Jaeger, Rudolph J
2006 Dec;65(10):1762-1771, Chemosphere
In an effort to determine the source of exterior lead contamination, we investigated the concentration of lead in roadway grit along major thoroughfares in New York City and in certain areas under elevated steel structures supporting elevated rails. Such structures represent only one source of lead in roadway grit. While data revealed that the median lead concentration in roadway grit did not exceed the standard for a lead hazard in bare residential soil in any borough, the limit of 400 microg/g was exceeded 22%, 18%, 10.5%, and 7.7% of the time in Manhattan, Brooklyn, The Bronx, and Queens, respectively. The second part of the study revealed the presence of high concentrations of lead in roadway grit directly under elevated steel structures. The differences in the concentration of lead in roadway grit under steel structures in comparison to areas in NYC not near elevated rails was statistically significant. Of the eight sites studied from 225 total samples, the median roadway grit lead level was 340 ppm, while the level under steel structures was 1480 ppm. Preliminary efforts to determine particle size distribution revealed that 84% of the particles were in the range of 125-500 microm, but the highest concentration of lead was in the smallest fraction analyzed (<63 microm). Lead contamination of roadway grit from restoration of elevated painted steel structures is a public health problem as these lead particulates get re-suspended in the ambient environment and are wafted and tracked into residences
— id: 72121, year: 2006, vol: 65, page: 1762, stat: Journal Article,

Infusion of di-2-ethylhexylphthalate for neonates: a review of potential health risk
Jaeger, Rudolph J; Weiss, Arlene L; Brown, Karen
2005 Jan-Feb;28(1):54-60, Journal of infusion nursing
Plasticizers leach from polyvinyl chloride medical devices into infusion fluids. One plasticizer frequently found is di-2-ethylhexylphthalate. The Food and Drug Administration estimates that di-2-ethylhexylphthalate exposure exceeding a daily tolerable intake of 0.6 mg/kg per day may harm newborns, especially males. Exposure 20 times the tolerable intake or more may be given daily to certain infants, neonates, and premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. Currently, scant data exist on the exact dosage to this population. Furthermore, the exact potential for harm, either subtle or overt, is unknown or disputed. Thus, the recording of exposure history and 'dose' in the medical record is warranted
— id: 72124, year: 2005, vol: 28, page: 54, stat: Journal Article,

Isotopic ratio analysis in residential lead-based paint and associated surficial dust
Jaeger RJ; Weiss AL; Manton WI
1998 ;36(7):691-703, Journal of toxicology. Clinical toxicology
OBJECTIVES: This investigation assessed the contribution of lead in lead-based paint (7 samples) to lead-laden dust (8 samples) in a single suburban vacant residence using isotopic ratio analysis. METHODS: Interior/exterior lead-based paint surface concentration was measured by X-ray fluorescence while dust and scrapings were analyzed chemically for total lead content and by mass spectrometry for the associated isotopic ratios. RESULTS: Four out of 5 comparisons of paint (7 samples) and dust (8 samples) for a given location did not match isotopically. In the one location where the isotopic ratio of the paint and dust samples matched closely, some portions of the paint were not intact. One explanation for the isotopic ratio match is that the dust sample may have actually been contaminated with paint flecks. This explanation appears likely since the isotopic ratio for the lead in the dust and paint sample were not in the modern average range of US environmental lead, strongly indicating a local point source of the lead in this dust sample, namely the paint at this location. Lead dust samples whose isotopic ratio lies in the modern average range for US environmental lead cannot be correlated to the paint which is beneath them, since the isotopic ratio of lead in the dust may actually be a composite of many sources of lead over time, as suggested by an isotopic ratio in the modern average range. CONCLUSIONS: From the samples from this one house, the data dispute the contention that intact lead-based paint chalks and creates lead-contaminated dust on its surface. While leaded household dust may contribute to children's lead exposure, intact paint need not contribute to surficial lead-laden dust. Isotopic ratio measurements can be useful for point-source determination by virtue of sample match and by placement of the ratio on the spectrum of isotopic ratio values for lead. Point-source assessment based on isotopic ratio was either strengthened or weakened by placement outside or within the average range for US environmental lead, respectively
— id: 24795, year: 1998, vol: 36, page: 691, stat: Journal Article,

Comments on "exposing ourselves to art"
Weiss AL; Jaeger RJ
1997 Jul;105(7):686-687, Environmental health perspectives
— id: 24796, year: 1997, vol: 105, page: 686, stat: Journal Article,

Time-course studies of the distribution of [1-14C]acrylonitrile in rats after intravenous administration
Silver EH; Szabo S; Cahill M; Jaeger RJ
1987 Oct;7(5):303-306, Journal of applied toxicology
Intravenous injection of acrylonitrile (ACN) causes adrenal hemorrhagic necrosis. ACN and its metabolites react with glutathione and bind covalently with macromolecules. Hence the purpose of this investigation was to measure the distribution and covalent binding of radiolabel derived from [1-14C]ACN in order to determine whether binding of ACN or its metabolites may be implicated in the pathogenesis of ACN-induced adrenal injury. Following intravenous injections of ACN, concentrations of total radiolabel were highest in the blood, liver, duodenum, kidneys, and adrenals. Except for blood, there was a time-dependent decrease in total radiolabel in these tissues. Compared with other major organ systems, the levels of covalently bound radiolabel were lower in the adrenal glands. These results do not support a role of covalent binding of ACN or its metabolites in the adrenal toxicity of ACN, but suggest that the initial high concentrations of total radiolabelled compounds derived from ACN could play a role in the action of ACN on the adrenal glands
— id: 24797, year: 1987, vol: 7, page: 303, stat: Journal Article,

HAZARDS TO HEALTH FROM ENVIRONMENTAL LEAD-EXPOSURE - A REVIEW OF RECENT LITERATURE
BUSHNELL, PJ; JAEGER, RJ
1986 JUN ;28(3):255-261, Veternary & human toxicology
— id: 41436, year: 1986, vol: 28, page: 255, stat: Journal Article,

HEALTH RISK ANALYSIS OF HUMAN EXPOSURES TO SOIL AMENDED WITH SEWAGE-SLUDGE CONTAMINATED WITH POLYCHLORINATED DIBENZODIOXINS AND DIBENZOFURANS
ESCHENROEDER, A; JAEGER, RJ; OSPITAL, JJ; DOYLE, CP
1986 OCT ;28(5):435-442, Veternary & human toxicology
— id: 41552, year: 1986, vol: 28, page: 435, stat: Journal Article,

EFFECTS OF ACRYLONITRILE ON TISSUE GLUTATHIONE CONCENTRATIONS IN RAT, MOUSE, AND HAMSTER
COTE, IL; BOWERS, A; JAEGER, RJ
1984 ;43(3):507-510, Research communications in chemical pathology & pharmacology
— id: 41094, year: 1984, vol: 43, page: 507, stat: Journal Article,

ACUTE TOXICITY OF ACRYLONITRILE - EFFECT OF DIET ON TISSUE NONPROTEIN SULFHYDRYL CONTENT AND DISTRIBUTION OF 1-C-14 ACRYLONITRILE OR ITS METABOLITES
JAEGER, RJ; COTE, IL; ROGERS, AE; SILVER, EH; SZABO, S
1984 ;3(1):93-102, Journal of the American College of Toxicology
— id: 50849, year: 1984, vol: 3, page: 93, stat: Journal Article,

INDUCED TOLERANCE TO ACRYLONITRILE TOXICITY BY PRIOR ACRYLONITRILE EXPOSURE
COTE, IL; BOWERS, A; JAEGER, RJ
1983 ;42(1):169-172, Research communications in chemical pathology & pharmacology
— id: 40612, year: 1983, vol: 42, page: 169, stat: Journal Article,

Repeated pulmonary function evaluation following bleomycin treatment
Jaeger RJ; Sussman RG; Gearhart JM; Bowers AB; Shore RE; Sellakumar AR
1983 Mar;11(3):415-423, Journal of toxicology & environmental health
A computerized, nonsurgical, pulmonary function measurement method was tested for sensitivity and utility in detecting the development of fibrosis. Bleomycin, a fibrogenic agent, was intratracheally instilled into male Fisher 344 rats. Respiratory function was monitored in restrained, awake animals before treatment and for the subsequent 4 wk. In the first week, among responders, a significant (p less than 0.05) drop in body weight, tidal volume, and compliance was accompanied by a significant increase in respiratory frequency. Minute volume increased in the second week. Although body weight, tidal volume, and compliance returned to baseline values in the following weeks, respiratory frequency and minute volume remained significantly elevated. With the methods used here, respiratory rate change was the parameter most sensitive to the effects of bleomycin in vivo
— id: 38464, year: 1983, vol: 11, page: 415, stat: Journal Article,

Respiratory and metabolic response of rats and mice to formalin vapor
Jaeger, R J; Gearhart, J M
1982 ;25(4):299-309, Toxicology
The irritant effect of repeated inhalation exposure to vapors of aqueous formalin (formaldehyde concentration, 15 ppm) in male Charles River CD rats and male C57BL6/F1 mice was determined. The data suggest that rats are relatively insensitive to this irritant while mice are substantially more sensitive, the latter showing a comparable reduction in tidal volume, but a greater decrease in respiratory rate and, as a consequence, minute volume. CO2 production, a reflection of total metabolism, as well as body temperature, were decreased to a greater extent in mice than in rats. The decreased minute ventilation and associated decrease in temperature, responses occurring to a greater extent in the mouse, may decrease both the net formaldehyde dose as well as the toxic actions of formaldehyde that are dependent on systemic metabolic activity
— id: 124943, year: 1982, vol: 25, page: 299, stat: Journal Article,

EFFECT OF HYPOXIA ON THE ACUTE TOXICITY OF ACRYLONITRILE
Jaeger, RJ; Cote, IL; Silver, EM; Szabo, S
1982 ;36(2):345-348, Research communications in chemical pathology & pharmacology
— id: 30413, year: 1982, vol: 36, page: 345, stat: Journal Article,

CARBON-MONOXIDE IN HOUSES AND VEHICLES
JAEGER, RJ
1981 ;57(10):860-872, Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine
— id: 40467, year: 1981, vol: 57, page: 860, stat: Journal Article,

Pulmonary mechanics in guinea pigs: repeated measurements using a nonsurgical computerized method
Skornik, W A; Heimann, R; Jaeger, R J
1981 Jun 30;59(2):314-323, Toxicology & applied pharmacology
— id: 133294, year: 1981, vol: 59, page: 314, stat: Journal Article,

VINYLIDENE FLUORIDE - ACUTE HEPATOTOXICITY IN RATS PRETREATED WITH PCB OR PHENOBARBITAL
Conolly, RB; Szabo, S; Jaeger, RJ
1979 ;162(1):163-169, Proceedings of the Society for Experimental Biology & Medicine
— id: 29711, year: 1979, vol: 162, page: 163, stat: Journal Article,

Kepone Chronology
Jaeger RJ
1976 Jul 9;193(4248):94-96, Science
— id: 94461, year: 1976, vol: 193, page: 94, stat: Journal Article,