Keith B. Raskin, M.D.

Outcome Following Acute Primary Distal Ulna Resection for Comminuted Distal Ulna Fractures at the Time of Operative Fixation of Unstable Fractures of the Distal Radius
Ruchelsman, David E; Raskin, Keith B; Rettig, Michael E
2009 Dec;4(4):391-396, Hand (New York, N.Y.)
Optimal acute management of the highly comminuted distal ulna head/neck fracture sustained in conjunction with an unstable distal radius fracture requiring operative fixation is not well established. The purpose of the present study was to determine the clinical, radiographic, and functional outcomes following acute primary distal ulna resection for comminuted distal ulna fractures performed in conjunction with the operative fixation of unstable distal radius fractures. Between 2000 and 2007, 11 consecutive patients, mean age 62 years (range, 30-75) were treated for concomitant closed, comminuted, unstable fractures of the distal radius and ulna metaphysis. All 11 patients underwent distal ulna resection through a separate dorsal ulnar incision with ECU tenodesis following surgical fixation of the distal radius fracture. According to the Q modifier of the Comprehensive Classification of Fractures, there were six comminuted fractures of the ulnar neck (Q3) and five fractures of the head/neck (Q5). Operative fixation of the distal radius fracture included volar plate fixation in four patients and spanning external fixation with supplemental percutaneous Kirschner wires in seven patients. At a mean of 42 months (range, 18-61 months) postoperatively, clinical, radiographic, and wrist-specific functional outcome with the modified Gartland and Werley wrist score were evaluated. At latest follow-up, mean wrist range of motion measured 53 degrees flexion (range, 35-60 degrees ), 52 degrees extension (range, 30-60 degrees ), 81 degrees pronation (range, 75-85 degrees ), and 77 degrees supination (range, 70-85 degrees ). Mean grip strength measured 90% of the contralateral, uninjured extremity (range, 50-133%). No patient had distal ulna instability. Final radiographic assessment demonstrated restoration of distal radius articular alignment. According to the system of Gartland and Werley as modified by Sarmiento, there were seven excellent and four good results. No patient has required a secondary surgical procedure. Acute primary distal ulna resection yields satisfactory clinical, radiographic, and functional results in appropriately selected patients and represents a reliable alternative to open reduction and internal fixation when anatomic restoration of the distal ulna/sigmoid notch cannot be achieved. Primary distal ulna resection with distal radius fracture fixation may help avoid secondary procedures related to distal ulna fixation or symptomatic post-traumatic distal radioulnar joint arthrosis
— id: 94373, year: 2009, vol: 4, page: 391, stat: Journal Article,

Radial nerve entrapment secondary to a solitary nodular fasciitis mass in the forearm
Ilan, Doron I; Medvecky, Michael; Raskin, Keith B; Boppana, Sushma
2006 Feb;35(2):85-87, American journal of orthopedics (Belle Mead, NJ)
— id: 72724, year: 2006, vol: 35, page: 85, stat: Journal Article,

Distal Radius Fractures: External Fixation and Supplemental K-Wires
Raskin KB; Rettig ME
2006 ;11(2):187-196, Atlas of the hand clinics
The primary treatment goal for fractures of the distal radius is fracture reduction and stabilization to permit restoration of pain-free wrist function. Recognition of fracture instability based on the radiographic evaluation of fragment comminution and displacement is the focus of current classifications. Although closed reduction and cast immobilization remain a reliable treatment method for stable fractures, similar management for unstable fractures is prone to failure. Ligamentotaxis employing a spanning external fixator in conjunction with supplemental Kirschner wires has proved to be a reliable means of maintaining an accurate reduction of unstable fractures. Successful uncomplicated treatment of distal radius fractures with external fixation is related directly to precise, reproducible surgical technique. The frequently reported pin-related complications can be reduced significantly by several key steps to surgical application. Open bicortical half pin placement avoids soft tissue, tendon, and nerve iatrogenic injuries, and minimizes the risk of unicortical pin insertion that can result in metacarpal or radial shaft fractures or subsequent loosening or infection. Pin inflammation and superficial infection often can be resolved by oral antibiotics, physician pin care, and gauze dressing. Properly applied ligamentotaxis will allow healing of the distal radius fracture without complications related to overdistraction [12,13]. External fixation frames have been modified to allow for early wrist range of motion during the acute healing phase in an attempt to prevent potential residual wrist stiffness. Despite this attractive concept, there appears to be no significant additional benefit to dynamic fixation of these fractures compared with the traditional static wrist immobilization until completion of union. Although ligamentotaxis is effective in restoring length and inclination, it will not restore articular congruity consistently in fractures characterized by marked articular displacement. Restoration of articular congruity can be accomplished by open treatment [14]. Additional stability with improved restoration of volar tilt can be accomplished by closed manipulation in conjunction with multiple percutaneous smooth K-wires inserted from the volar aspect of the radial styloid into the intact dorsal ulnar cortex of the proximal shaft. Excessive flexion or ulnar deviation should be avoided, as these positions potentate the risk of median nerve compression at the wrist level. External fixation with supplemental K-wires is an excellent method for stabilizing displaced unstable distal radius fractures. When properly used, complications can be minimized, and an excellent radiographic and functional recovery can be achieved. Meticulous attention to surgical detail and a comprehensive postoperative program are the key components to a reliable and reproducibly successful recovery. copyright 2006 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved
— id: 69281, year: 2006, vol: 11, page: 187, stat: Journal Article,

Loss of fixation of the volar lunate facet fragment in fractures of the distal part of the radius
Harness, Neil G; Jupiter, Jesse B; Orbay, Jorge L; Raskin, Keith B; Fernandez, Diego L
2004 Sep;86-A(9):1900-1908, Journal of bone & joint surgery (American volume)
BACKGROUND: The purpose of the present study is to report on a cohort of patients with a volar shearing fracture of the distal end of the radius in whom the unique anatomy of the distal cortical rim of the radius led to failure of support of a volar ulnar lunate facet fracture fragment. METHODS: Seven patients with a volar shearing fracture of the distal part of the radius who lost fixation of a volar lunate facet fragment with subsequent carpal displacement after open reduction and internal fixation were evaluated at an average of twenty-four months after surgery. One fracture was classified as B3.2 and six were classified as B3.3 according to the AO comprehensive classification system. All seven fractures initially were deemed to have an adequate reduction and internal fixation. Four patients required repeat open reduction and internal fixation, and one underwent a radiocarpal arthrodesis. At the time of the final follow-up, all patients were assessed with regard to their self-reported level of functioning and with use of Sarmiento's modification of the system of Gartland and Werley. RESULTS: At a mean of two years after the injury, six patients had returned to their previous level of function. The result was considered to be excellent for one patient, good for four, and fair for two. The average wrist extension was 48 degrees, or 75% of that of the uninjured extremity. The average wrist flexion was 37 degrees, or 64% of that of the uninjured extremity. The one patient who underwent radiocarpal arthrodesis had achievement of a solid union. The four patients who underwent repeat internal fixation had maintenance of reduction of the lunate facet fragment. The two patients who declined additional operative intervention had persistent dislocation of the carpus with the volar lunate facet fragment. CONCLUSIONS: The stability of comminuted fractures of the distal part of the radius with volar fragmentation is determined not only by the reduction of the major fragments but also by the reduction of the small volar lunate fragment. The unique anatomy of this region may prevent standard fixation devices for distal radial fractures from supporting the entire volar surface effectively. It is preferable to recognize the complexity of the injury prior to the initial surgical intervention and to plan accordingly.
— id: 72725, year: 2004, vol: 86-A, page: 1900, stat: Journal Article,

Compartment syndrome of the hand caused by computed tomography contrast infiltration
Stein, Drew A; Lee, Steven; Raskin, Keith B
2003 Mar;26(3):333-334, Orthopedics (Thorofare NJ)
— id: 67442, year: 2003, vol: 26, page: 333, stat: Journal Article,

Thermal energy in arthroscopic surgery of the wrist
DeWal, Hargovind; Ahn, Anthony; Raskin, Keith B
2002 Oct;21(4):727-735, Clinics in sports medicine
Thermal energy in arthroscopic surgery needs further follow-up evaluation to clarify the potential benefits, specifically with respect to thermal shrinkage. Although the initial findings are promising, the long-term results need to be compared with other accepted standards of management. Preliminary findings seem to show that the addition of these surgical instruments and expanding operative techniques have definite roles in arthroscopic wrist surgery, as demonstrated through meticulous synovectomies and precise tissue debridement, along with the possible thermal shrinkage potential
— id: 39349, year: 2002, vol: 21, page: 727, stat: Journal Article,

Healing versus recovery
Raskin, K B
2001 Sep;5(3):135-135, Techniques in hand & upper extremity surgery
— id: 133549, year: 2001, vol: 5, page: 135, stat: Journal Article,

Dorsal open repair of proximal pole scaphoid fractures
Raskin, K B; Parisi, D; Baker, J; Rettig, M E
2001 Nov;17(4):601-10, ix, Hand clinics
Proximal pole fractures of the scaphoid are well suited for comprehension screw fixation. A dorsal approach allows for direct visualization of the fracture site, accurate reduction, and internal fixation. Bone grafting can also be achieved through the same incision without additional significant dissection. Successful uncomplicated union in the majority of cases with a considerably shortened period of immobilization has lead to a growing interest in this surgical procedure
— id: 147174, year: 2001, vol: 17, page: 601, stat: Journal Article,

Volar plate arthroplasty of the distal interphalangeal joint
Rettig ME; Dassa G; Raskin KB
2001 Sep;26(5):940-944, Journal of hand surgery (American volume)
Ten patients with chronic dorsal fracture subluxation of the distal interphalangeal joint were managed over 5 years with volar plate advancement arthroplasty. The mean time from injury to definitive surgical treatment was 8 weeks (range, 2 weeks to 4 months). All injuries were characterized by volar comminution and impaction of the distal phalanx, with associated dorsal subluxation. Surgical treatment included volar plate advancement arthroplasty and K-wire fixation of the reduced joint for 4 weeks. All patients were evaluated at an average postoperative duration of 25 months (range, 10-60 months). The average arc of motion of the distal interphalangeal joint of the 4 fingers (6) was 42 degrees and of the interphalangeal joint of the thumb (4) was 51 degrees. All patients had a residual flexion contracture averaging 12 degrees (range, 6 degrees to 25 degrees ). Volar plate advancement arthroplasty is an effective treatment for chronic distal interphalangeal joint dorsal fracture subluxation
— id: 26657, year: 2001, vol: 26, page: 940, stat: Journal Article,

Galeazzi fracture-dislocation: a new treatment-oriented classification
Rettig ME; Raskin KB
2001 Mar;26(2):228-235, Journal of hand surgery (American volume)
Forty patients with Galeazzi fracture-dislocations were treated with open reduction and internal fixation of the radial shaft fracture. Intraoperative distal radioulnar joint (DRUJ) instability after anatomic reduction was managed with supplemental wire transfixion of the DRUJ (10 patients) or open reduction and triangular fibrocartilage complex repair (3 patients). Two patterns of fracture-dislocation were identified based on the location of the radial shaft fracture. Twenty-two type I fractures were in the distal third of the radius within 7.5 cm of the midarticular surface of the distal radius; 12 of these cases were associated with intraoperative DRUJ instability. Eighteen type II fractures were in the middle third of the radial shaft more than 7.5 cm from the midarticular surface of the distal radius. Only one of these fractures had intraoperative DRUJ instability after open reduction and internal fixation of the radial shaft fracture. A high index of suspicion, early recognition, and acute treatment of DRUJ instability will avoid chronic problems in this complex injury
— id: 21219, year: 2001, vol: 26, page: 228, stat: Journal Article,

Congenital vascular malformations in the hand and forearm
Sofocleous, CT; Rosen, RJ; Raskin, K; Fioole, B; Hofstee, DJ
2001 OCT ;8(5):484-494, Journal of endovascular therapy
Purpose: To review a single-center experience in the management of symptomatic congenital vascular malformations of the hand and forearm with special attention to embolotherapy. Methods: A retrospective chart review was performed to identify patients with vascular malformations referred for arteriography and possible intervention between 1983 and 1998. Arteriography and venography were performed in all patients to differentiate between true high-flow arteriovenous malformations (AVM) and low-flow primary venous malformations (PVM). The clinical and radiological data, procedural results, and follow-up data were retrieved and reviewed. Results: In a 15-year period, 39 patients (22 men; mean age 22.5 years, range 1-51) had symptomatic vascular lesions diagnosed in the forearm and hand: 21 AVMs, 17 PVMs, and one complex lesion with both AVM and PVM. Thirty-four (87%) lesions were treated with immediate technical success achieved in 31 (91%) cases; 5 (13%) lesions were not amenable to percutaneous treatment. There were no major complications, but 3 embolized AVMs had significant residual flow (81.6% technical success on intention to treat basis). Long-term follow-up ranging to 5 years was available in 26 of the 34 treated patients; the mean symptom-free period was 30 months for the AVM patients and 30.5 months for the PVM group, with an average of 1.5 and 1.2 embolization procedures, respectively. Conclusions. Vascular malformations of the hand and forearm are extremely rare lesions that demand a multidisciplinary approach for optimal diagnosis and management. Microembolotherapy with or without surgery has offered the highest level of safety and success to date
— id: 54813, year: 2001, vol: 8, page: 484, stat: Journal Article,

Long-term follow-up of the one-bone forearm procedure
Lee SJ; Jazrawi LM; Ong BC; Raskin KB
2000 Dec;29(12):969-972, American journal of orthopedics (Belle Mead, NJ)
The one-bone forearm procedure can be a successful salvage option for forearm stability in selected patients and is indicated if instability and bone loss are irreparable by other means. We report a case of a dysfunctional arm secondary to radical debridement of the ulna after osteomyelitis treated successfully with a one-bone forearm procedure and followed up for 8 years
— id: 32644, year: 2000, vol: 29, page: 969, stat: Journal Article,

Perilunate injuries. Repair by dual dorsal and volar approaches
Melone, C P Jr; Murphy, M S; Raskin, K B
2000 Aug;16(3):439-448, Hand clinics
Controversy persists regarding optimal management of perilunate injuries. Traditionally, closed treatment, with or without percutaneous pin fixation, was advocated for these highly unstable carpal disruptions, but the inconsistent and often disappointing outcome of closed reduction, coupled with the recognition that functional recovery closely parallels the accuracy of restoring carpal alignment, have led to increasing enthusiasm for open treatment. The favorable outcome reported in this article supports both the contention that the acute perilunate injury affords the opportune time for operative preservation of carpal stability and the efficacy of the combined dorsal and volar approaches as the optimal means of surgical repair. This clinical experience also corroborates experimental evidence that perilunate injuries are apt to cause a predictable spectrum of osseous and soft tissue lesions--lesions usually suitable for early, precise repair. For the skilled athlete, prompt recognition and precision treatment of all components of injury are the critical factors to attain a functional outcome commensurate with a successful return to competition
— id: 120812, year: 2000, vol: 16, page: 439, stat: Journal Article,

Acute fractures of the distal radius [In Process Citation]
Rettig ME; Raskin KB
2000 Aug;16(3):405-15, ix, Hand clinics
Distal radius fractures commonly are sustained by athletes during competition. Typically, these are high energy injuries with severe displacement, metaphyseal comminution, and articular surface disruption. Each fracture is distinguished by its degree of articular displacement, stability, and reducibility. Management is contingent on recognition of the variable magnitude of articular disruption and skillful treatment based on specific fracture configuration
— id: 11533, year: 2000, vol: 16, page: 405, stat: Journal Article,

Management of fractures of the distal radius: surgeon's perspective
Raskin KB
1999 Apr-Jun;12(2):92-98, Journal of hand therapy
The new millennium represents a time for expanding our present knowledge of the treatment of distal radius fractures, based on the foundation of information that has been gathered over the past century. Treatment-oriented classifications have replaced the prior generalization applied to all 'Colles fractures' and have directed preoperative planning. Newer external fixation frames, improved surgical technique, and superior instrumentation allow for safer reproducible ligamentotaxis. These current concepts of treatment along with a comprehensive therapy plan have provided the basis for enhanced recovery from these challenging injuries
— id: 6135, year: 1999, vol: 12, page: 92, stat: Journal Article,

Long-term assessment of proximal row carpectomy for chronic perilunate dislocations
Rettig ME; Raskin KB
1999 Nov;24(6):1231-1236, Journal of hand surgery (American volume)
Twelve patients with chronic stage III or stage IV perilunate dislocations were managed over the past 7 years by proximal row carpectomy. All dislocations were untreated or incompletely reduced for a minimum of 8 weeks after injury. The mean time from injury to definitive treatment was 15 weeks (range, 8 weeks to 6 months). Surgical management was inclusive of a dual dorsal and volar approach. Median nerve decompression, lunate excision, and capsuloligament repair was performed volarly and scaphoid and triquetrum carpectomy was accomplished dorsally. Temporary radio capitate K-wire fixation during early soft tissue healing was uniformly performed. All patients were evaluated at an average postoperative duration of 40 months (range, 28 months to 7 years). Marked relief of wrist pain and median nerve dysesthesias was routinely achieved. Effective wrist range of motion and grip strength were restored. Untreated stage III and IV chronic perilunate dislocation treated by proximal row carpectomy eliminates pain and restores function to a severely injured wrist
— id: 11913, year: 1999, vol: 24, page: 1231, stat: Journal Article,

Retrograde compression screw fixation of acute proximal pole scaphoid fractures
Rettig ME; Raskin KB
1999 Nov;24(6):1206-1210, Journal of hand surgery (American volume)
Seventeen consecutive patients with acute unstable proximal pole scaphoid fractures were managed over the past 5 years with open reduction and internal fixation. Four fractures were displaced, with greater than 1 mm of fragment offset and intercarpal malalignment. The operative technique consisted of a dorsal approach to the scaphoid, radius bone grafting, and freehand retrograde Herbert compression screw fixation. The patients were evaluated at an average of 37 months (range, 12-63 months) after surgery. All fractures healed within 13 weeks (average, 10 weeks). Functional wrist range of motion and grip strength were achieved in all patients. No patients developed osteonecrosis or radioscaphoid arthritis. Open reduction and internal fixation rather than primary casting is a better means of reducing the complications of delayed union, nonunion, and irreparable osteonecrosis that often occur after acute proximal pole scaphoid fracture treated with cast immobilization
— id: 11914, year: 1999, vol: 24, page: 1206, stat: Journal Article,

Clinical examination of the distal ulna and surrounding structures
Raskin KB; Beldner S
1998 May;14(2):177-190, Hand clinics
A complete understand of the anatomy of the ulnar aspect of the wrist and the potential pathologies that may afflict it is the key to making an accurate diagnosis, ordering appropriate ancillary studies, and providing comprehensive patient management for problems in the region. This article focuses on the clinical examination of the skeletal, articular, and soft-tissue components about the distal ulna. Differentiation of distal ulnar maladies from more proximal conditions producing ulnar wrist symptoms is also reviewed
— id: 12127, year: 1998, vol: 14, page: 177, stat: Journal Article,

Wrist fractures in the athlete. Distal radius and carpal fractures
Rettig ME; Dassa GL; Raskin KB; Melone CP Jr
1998 Jul;17(3):469-489, Clinics in sports medicine
The primary prerequisites for optimal management of the athlete's fractured wrist are prompt diagnosis, anatomic and stable reduction, effective immobilization until healing is thorough, and comprehensive rehabilitation of the injured parts. Fulfillment of these fundamental criteria consistently leads to a highly favorable outcome with minimal risk of re-injury. In contrast, a compromise of these principles, especially for the sake of a speedy return to sports, invariably results in suboptimal recovery and, not infrequently, a permanent loss of skills. The exceptions to the cardinal rule that successful treatment of wrist fractures requires precise restoration of anatomic relationships are specific: displaced hamate hook fractures, displaced trapezial ridge fractures, and comminuted pisiform fractures. In such instances, successful union essentially is precluded, and early excision of the displaced fragments is the logical means of facilitating an uncomplicated recovery. For the more complex fractures requiring stabilization, continual refinements in methods of fixation are considerably diminishing fracture morbidity. The availability of small screws that provide rigid fixation of the carpus is, with increasing consistency, promoting accelerated union and rapid rehabilitation. Well-conceived combinations of low-profile, mechanically efficient external fixators and precisely used Kirschner wires achieve highly secure fracture stability for the distal radius that similarly enhances recovery with a minimum of complications. Improvements in both design and application of internal and external fixation techniques undoubtedly constitute a major advance in the management of wrist fractures among athletes. For some athletes, the return to competition can be safely expedited by the use of custom-fit protective gloves, splints, or casts. For most, however, the treatment regimen usually entails a minimum of 3 to 4 months. Although the healing and rehabilitation process is often lengthy and may seem costly, particularly in terms of time lost from competition, seldom do athletes regret the investment once they return to their highly skillful activities unencumbered by wrist impairment. Never does the sports medicine physician regret compliance with the principles of optimal care
— id: 7754, year: 1998, vol: 17, page: 469, stat: Journal Article,

''Splint-top'' fracture of the forearm: A description of an in-line skating injury associated with the use of protective wrist splints
Cheng, SL; Rajaratnam, K; Raskin, KB; Hu, RW; Axelrod, TS
1995 DEC ;39(6):1194-1197, Journal of trauma, injury, infection, & critical care
Upper extremity injuries are commonly seen in the sport of in-line skating. The use of protective equipment, including wrist splints, has been advocated as a means to decrease both the incidence and severity of upper extremity injuries in this sport. We report on four cases of open forearm fractures in the in-line skaters that occurred adjacent to the proximal border of the wrist splints. The unusual nature of these injuries and the location of the fractures in relation to the location of the splints suggest that the two may be mechanistically related, The splint and distal forearm may act as a single unit to convert the impact from the level of the wrist to a torque moment, with the fulcrum located at the proximal border of the splint, The energy from the fall is then dissipated by the fracturing of the forearm bones at this level These cases suggest that the use of wrist splints may be associated with their own specific set of injury patterns
— id: 53113, year: 1995, vol: 39, page: 1194, stat: Journal Article,

Current concepts of replantation
Raskin KB; Weiland AJ
1995 Jul;24(4 Suppl):131-134, Annals of the Academy of Medicine Singapore
The rapidly expanding microsurgical knowledge and technology along with a growing experience in replantation has led the way to new concepts of management that have become essential in the progressive treatment for these complex injuries. Appropriate patient selection, proper modes of limb transportation, injury assessment, surgical technique, and postoperative care are all key components to successful recovery and restoration of function. As the ability to restore vascular flow to amputated digits, hands, and limbs has advanced, critical evaluation of the potential extent of recovery in comparison to amputation revision is imperative. This article discusses the current ideas of the perioperative treatment for replantation with specific attention directed towards these evolving issues
— id: 8040, year: 1995, vol: 24, page: 131, stat: Journal Article,

Flexor carpi ulnaris transfer for radial nerve palsy: functional testing of long-term results
Raskin KB; Wilgis EF
1995 Sep;20(5):737-742, Journal of hand surgery (American volume)
Controversy persists over the use of the flexor carpi ulnaris for transfer to the extensor digitorum communis in the treatment of radial nerve palsy. Six patients with complete, irreparable radial nerve palsies were treated in part with the flexor carpi ulnaris to extensor digitorum communis tendon transfer (standard transfers: pronator teres to extensor carpi radialis brevis, flexor carpi ulnaris to extensor digitorum communis, and palmaris longus to the rerouted extensor pollicis longus) and were functionally tested for long-term results. The average follow-up time was 8 years (range, 3-15). A control group was comprised of 10 volunteers of similar demographics. This study evaluates the long-term functional recovery in three categories: range of motion, dynamic power of wrist motion, and functional ability as determined by work simulation techniques. The activities simulated were swinging a hammer, sawing wood, tightening screws, and using pliers. A functional range of motion was maintained in all patients, and the power of wrist motion was sufficient to perform all activities of daily living. The work simulation testing revealed no significant difference between the tendon transfer patients and control group with respect to hand dominance and normal variance. All patients were able to perform the simulated work with the same variance in power as the control group. Despite the obvious anatomic loss, wrist function is not significantly impaired after flexor carpi ulnaris tendon transfer for radial nerve palsy
— id: 12734, year: 1995, vol: 20, page: 737, stat: Journal Article,

Clinical applications of MR imaging in hand and wrist surgery
Rettig ME; Raskin KB; Melone CP Jr
1995 May;3(2):361-368, Magnetic resonance imaging clinics of North America
MR imaging is emerging as an invaluable tool in the diagnosis of hand and wrist disorders. It is extremely accurate in the diagnosis of stage 1 Kienbock's disease when plain radiographs are equivocal and in evaluating bone and soft-tissue tumors of the hand and wrist. MR imaging is replacing arthrography as the imaging modality of choice for disruptions of the TFCC. With refined technology and improved resolution, abnormalities involving the intercarpal ligaments ultimately will be able to be detected with a high degree of precision
— id: 56839, year: 1995, vol: 3, page: 361, stat: Journal Article,

Acute vascular injuries of the upper extremity
Raskin KB
1993 Feb;9(1):115-130, Hand clinics
Heightened awareness of the pathologic conditions resulting in acute vascular trauma will govern the success of management. A thorough examination with appropriate vascular studies followed by meticulous surgical intervention and a carefully monitored postoperative course avoids the associated complications of these challenging injuries
— id: 13256, year: 1993, vol: 9, page: 115, stat: Journal Article,

Unstable articular fractures of the distal radius. Comparative techniques of ligamentotaxis
Raskin KB; Melone CP Jr
1993 Apr;24(2):275-286, Orthopedic clinics of North America
Ligamentotaxis employing either pins and plaster or external fixators, frequently in conjunction with supplemental Kirschner wire internal fixation, has proved to be a reliable means of maintaining an accurate reduction of unstable articular fractures of the distal radius. Critical preoperative evaluation and surgical restoration of articular congruity along with attention to key technical details have resulted in a reproducible successful recovery. In our experience, the advantages of the pins and plaster technique are its relatively simple methodology, its comparatively low cost, and its high level of patient acceptance. The distinctive advantages of the external fixator are its superior mechanical efficiency, its capacity for fracture adjustment during the healing period, and the fact that it ensures unimpeded access to wounds. Nonetheless, regardless of the specific method chosen, this study clearly supports the contention that precision in patient selection and pin placement are the prerequisites for successful ligamentotaxis in the management of distal radius fractures
— id: 13198, year: 1993, vol: 24, page: 275, stat: Journal Article,

Philosophy of replantation 1976-1990
Weiland AJ; Raskin KB
1990 ;11(3):223-228, Microsurgery
— id: 35380, year: 1990, vol: 11, page: 223, stat: Journal Article,

Case report 468. Epiphyseal osteoid osteoma distal end of femur
Destian, S; Hernanz-Schulman, M; Raskin, K; Genieser, N; Becker, M; Crider, R; Greco, M A
1988 ;17(2):141-143, Skeletal radiology
— id: 106550, year: 1988, vol: 17, page: 141, stat: Journal Article,