Marc Galanter, M.D.

Mentorship for Alcohol Problems (MAP): A Peer to Peer Modular Intervention for Outpatients
Tracy, Kathlene; Burton, Mark; Miescher, Annatina; Galanter, Marc; Babuscio, Theresa; Frankforter, Tami; Nich, Charla; Rounsaville, Bruce
2012 Jan;47(1):42-47, Alcohol & alcoholism
AIMS: This is a Stage I open pilot to develop a new intervention, Mentorship for Alcohol Problems (MAP), for individuals with alcohol-use disorders in community treatment programs. METHODS: Ten mentors participated for 6 months until 30 mentees received MAP for 12 weeks. Behavioral and biological measures were conducted in addition to fidelity measures. Four focus groups were held with participants and clinician feedback surveys were completed. RESULTS: Feasibility and acceptance data in the domains of patient interest, safety and satisfaction were promising. Mentees reduced their alcohol and substance use and the majority of mentors sustained abstinence. Fidelity measures indicated that mentors adhered to the delivery of treatment. CONCLUSION: MAP shows promise to be incorporated into professionally run outpatient alcohol treatment programs to assist in the reduction of alcohol and substance use
— id: 148766, year: 2012, vol: 47, page: 42, stat: Journal Article,

Network therapy
Galanter, Marc; Dermatis, Helen
Psychotherapy for the treatment of substance abuse Arlington, VA : American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., 2011,
(from the chapter) In recent years, considerable progress has been made in developing psychosocial modalities and new approaches specific to the treatment of addiction. The clinician in office practice, however, often is uncertain as to how to integrate these approaches to meet the needs of a given patient. To address this issue, in this chapter we examine network therapy, a multimodal approach that has been disseminated to practitioners and has been standardized and studied in the clinical research setting. The integrated approach that we discuss is called network therapy because it draws on the support of a group of family and peers who are introduced into individual therapy sessions. This approach is allied to the work of Speck and Attneave, who used a large support group drawn from the patient's family and social network as a tool for psychiatric management. These networks were used for both psychological and practical aid in addressing acute psychiatric illness, so as to avert a hospitalization until the patient's acute symptoms remitted. Once mobilized, the network became available to aid in ambulatory rehabilitation as well. Network therapy, as discussed here, developed a decade later, integrating many approaches that were later formalized.
— id: 5508, year: 2011, vol: , page: 249, stat: Chapter,

Introducing spirituality into psychiatric care
Galanter, Marc; Dermatis, Helen; Talbot, Nancy; McMahon, Caitlin; Alexander, Mary Jane
2011 Mar;50(1):81-91, Journal of Religion & Health
Spirituality is important to many psychiatric patients, and these patients may be moved toward recovery more effectively if their spiritual needs are addressed in treatment. This, however, is rarely given expression in the psychiatric services of teaching hospitals. In order to develop this potential area of improved care, we (1) evaluated the differential attitudes of patients and psychiatric trainees toward the value of spirituality in the recovery process, (2) established a program of group meetings conducted by psychiatric residents and staff where patients can discuss how to draw on their spirituality in coping with their problems, and (3) established related training experiences for psychiatric residents. The results and implications of these three initiatives are presented
— id: 138394, year: 2011, vol: 50, page: 81, stat: Journal Article,

Substance use disorders and spirituality
Galanter, Marc; Glickman, Linda
Religious and spiritual issues in psychiatric diagnosis: A research agenda for DSM-V Washington, DC, US: American Psychiatric Association; US, 2011,
(from the chapter) The United States today provides fertile ground for the growth in diverse combinations of psychoactive substances and spiritual practices. Because drug-influenced religious behavior and ideation might easily take a form similar to elements of a DSM diagnosis, it is important to know the specific religious and social context within which it occurs. In this chapter, therefore, we focus on an area that is of importance in developing accurate clinical categories and diagnoses. Knowledge of the spiritual contexts of substance use may be important both in determining an accurate diagnosis and in understanding how the social context influences a patient's behavior. Psychoactive substances can produce a variety of different behaviors that might lead to an erroneous diagnosis of psychosis, and other diatheses that may be mistakenly ascribed to general psychiatric disorders. Similarly, knowing a patient's controlled involvement with a psychoactive sacrament within an organized religious context might prevent a mistaken diagnosis of substance abuse or dependence. Because diverse presentations continue to develop at the intersection of the absorption with both spirituality and psychoactive substances of all kinds, in both the United States and other countries, clinicians' need for information on this phenomenon is likely to grow.
— id: 5628, year: 2011, vol: , page: 61, stat: Chapter,

Psychotherapy for the treatment of substance abuse
Galanter, Marc; Kleber, Herbert D
Arlington, VA : American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., 2011,
(from the cover) In Psychotherapy for the Treatment of Substance Abuse, leading authorities on substance abuse treatment techniques review and illustrate the most common interventions for opioid-related and alcohol-related substance abuse disorders, as well as crucial methodologies for testing and patient placement. Methods reviewed include self-help fellowships such as Alcoholics Anonymous, cognitive-behavioral and psychodynamic treatments, motivational enhancement, group and family therapy, contingency management, and the multimodal approach called Network Therapy, which recruits the support of friends and family to prompt abstinence and prevent relapse. Each chapter includes vivid case studies to illustrate the approach described, as well as a review of the key clinical concepts and a list of essential readings. Adapting a new, clinically focused manual from their popular American Psychiatric Publishing Textbook of Substance Abuse Treatment, now in its fourth edition, Dr. Galanter and Dr. Kleber have designed Psychotherapy for the Treatment of Substance Abuse to be of practical application to both experienced clinicians and those new to the field. The accompanying DVD demonstrates Network Therapy in practice and includes enlightening commentary on key issues that are relevant across the many modalities of substance abuse treatment discussed in the book.
— id: 2228, year: 2011, vol: , page: , stat: ,

Alcoholics anonymous and the Minnesota model of treatment in iceland
McMenamin, Daniel; Warren, Matthew; Tyrfingsson, Thornorarinn; Hansdottir, Ingunn; Dermatis, Helen; Galanter, Marc; McMahon, Caitlin
2011 Jan;32(1):36-39, Substance abuse
This study was undertaken to provide an initial characterization of the current status of patients admitted to an alcoholism treatment program in Iceland. Consistent with the Minnesota Model, 12-step facilitation has been a central component of the program since its inception. Of the 94 patients assessed in this study, 67% were male and 40% had attended over 90 AA meetings prior to admission. The mean number of drinking days during the month prior to admission was 15.51 days and the mean length of hospital stay was 12.32 days. At time of hospital discharge, 39% were referred to residential treatment. Significant predictors of referral to residential treatment included having attended less than 90 AA meetings prior to admission and length of stay
— id: 122696, year: 2011, vol: 32, page: 36, stat: Journal Article,

Twelve-step facilitation for co-occurring addiction and mental health disorders
Ries, Richard K; Galanter, Marc; Tonigan, J. Scott; Ziegler, Penelope P
Psychotherapy for the treatment of substance abuse Arlington, VA : American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., 2011,
(from the chapter) The goal of this chapter is to help clinicians better engage and support patients who have co-occurring or primary alcohol or drug problems through use of 12-step programs to enhance treatment outcomes and recovery. Twelve-step facilitation (TSF) is an evidence-based practice with a large research base, a therapy manual, and a World Wide Web-based training site. TSF is a valuable technique easily available to practicing psychiatrists and other mental health professionals. The research base of TSF has been reviewed by Moos and Timko. This chapter provides a condensed presentation of some of the key techniques and concepts of TSF, with special adaptations useful for psychiatric practice. An important concept to recognize at the outset is that TSF is a therapist's technique, to help patients engage in and maximize their response to 12-step meetings, such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). (TSF is not AA, and as far as we know, it is not officially endorsed by AA or other 12-step programs.) TSF can also be applied to treat individuals who are dependent on substances other than alcohol, such as opioids, sedatives, or stimulants. Such individuals can be encouraged to go to Narcotics Anonymous (NA) meetings or meetings of other mutual-help fellowships, where the 12 steps are applied as well.
— id: 5506, year: 2011, vol: , page: 299, stat: Chapter,

The Relationship between Parental Alcohol Use, Early and Late Adolescent Alcohol Use, and Young Adult Psychological Symptoms: A Longitudinal Study
Brook, Judith S; Balka, Elinor B; Crossman, Andrya M; Dermatis, Helen; Galanter, Marc; Brook, David W
2010 Nov;19(6):534-42, American journal on addictions
We tested the hypothesis that there is a mediational pathway from parental alcohol use during the participants' adolescence to the participants' psychological symptoms in young adulthood. This pathway includes the participants' alcohol use and their psychological symptoms, both during adolescence. The participants are inner city African American and Puerto Rican early adolescents followed until young adulthood. They reported their own and their parents' behavior. Structural equation modeling showed that parental alcohol use was related to early adolescent alcohol use, which was associated with late adolescent alcohol use. Late adolescent alcohol use was related to psychological symptoms in late adolescence, which predicted young adult psychological symptoms. Males reported more alcohol use and more psychological symptoms than females in late adolescence and more psychological symptoms in young adulthood. Findings suggest that parents' and adolescents' alcohol use should be a focus in interventions designed to prevent or treat psychological symptoms in late adolescence and young adulthood. (Am J Addict 2010;00:1-9)
— id: 113952, year: 2010, vol: 19, page: 534, stat: Journal Article,

Alcohol consumption patterns: gay and lesbian urban ethnic minority members
Chappin, Sean R; Tross, Susan; Sanchez, John-Paul; Dermatis, Helen; Galanter, Marc
2010 Jan;31(1):71-73, Substance abuse
The aim of this study was to assess patterns of alcohol consumption and alcohol related problems in a sample of lesbian and gay NYC residents. There were no differences between lesbian (n = 93) and gay (n = 90) subgroups with regard to alcohol use and health related variables. The average number of drinking days reported for the previous 30 day period was 6.87 (SD 7.0) and 16% of the sample reported consuming more than 4 drinks per drinking day. Age, educational level, and feelings of excessive restlessness were associated with alcohol use. Although there have been reports of increased rates of alcohol use and alcohol related problems in the lesbian and gay population, this is not reflected in this sample
— id: 113684, year: 2010, vol: 31, page: 71, stat: Journal Article,

An exploratory study of spiritual orientation and adaptation to therapeutic community treatment
Dermatis, Helen; James, Tina; Galanter, Marc; Bunt, Gregory
2010 Jul;29(3):306-313, Journal of addictive diseases
The purpose of this study was to determine the extent to which spiritual orientation was associated with adaptation to therapeutic community treatment. Spiritual orientation was assessed by the Spirituality Self-Rating Scale, a measure consistent with the conceptualization of spirituality typically reflected in Alcoholics Anonymous members' views. Spiritual orientation was positively correlated with acceptance of therapeutic community principles and clinical progress. Further assessment of spirituality related characteristics and their relation to treatment outcomes is important in informing the design of interventions aimed at improving progress in the therapeutic community, particularly those aspects involving the relative value of integrating the 12-Step group approach in therapeutic community programs
— id: 111388, year: 2010, vol: 29, page: 306, stat: Journal Article,

Spirituality in psychiatry: a biopsychosocial perspective
Galanter, Marc
2010 Summer;73(2):145-157, Psychiatry
This paper reviews a body of findings in order to define the nature of spirituality from a biopsychosocial perspective and to illustrate its relevance to the field of psychiatry. The emergence of spirituality within the common culture is described, after which a number of sociobiologically related studies are presented to illustrate how its component dimensions can be defined. These are evolutionary adaptation, affectional ties, subjective experiences, and positive psychology. The relevance of spiritually related issues in psychiatric diagnosis are illustrated, along with examples of their role in symptom relief. The paper concludes with a description of a program implemented to integrate the issue of spirituality into resident training and into group support for hospital-based patients
— id: 110085, year: 2010, vol: 73, page: 145, stat: Journal Article,

The twelve step approach
Galanter, Marc
Clinical addiction psychiatry New York : Cambridge University Press, 2010,
— id: 5740, year: 2010, vol: , page: ?, stat: Chapter,

Religious and spiritual considerations in psychiatric diagnosis: Considerations for the DSM-V
Lukoff, David; Cloninger, C. Robert; Galanter, Marc; Gellerman, David M; Glickman, Linda; Koenig, Harold G; Lu, Francis G; Narrow, William E; Peteet, John R; Thielman, Samuel B; Yang, C. Paul
Religion and psychiatry: Beyond boundaries Chichester, UK : Wiley-Blackwell, 2010,
(from the chapter) In 1994, DSM-IV included a new V-code entitled Religious or Spiritual Problem: V62.89: This category can be used when the focus of clinical attention is a religious or spiritual problem. Examples include distressing experiences that involve loss or questioning of faith, problems associated with conversion to a new faith, or questioning of other spiritual values which may not necessarily be related to an organized church or religious institution. The acceptance of this new category by the American Psychiatric Association Task Force on DSM-IV was based on a proposal documenting the extensive literature on the frequent occurrence of religious and spiritual issues in clinical practice, the lack of training provided mental health professionals, and the need for a diagnostic category to support training and research in this area of clinical practice. This chapter summarizes the major findings and recommendations from The Spirituality White Paper Group for religious and spiritual problems, personality disorders, PTSD, substance abuse and psychotic disorders.
— id: 5731, year: 2010, vol: , page: 423, stat: Chapter,

Medical versus Spiritual Orientations: Differential Patient Views toward Recovery
Cheney, Benjamin; Galanter, Marc; Dermatis, Helen; Ross, Stephen
2009 ;35(5):301-304, American journal of drug & alcohol abuse
Background: Relapse among patients in substance abuse treatment has generated interest in identifying attitudinal factors that sustain recovery. Objective: To assess the relationship of attitudes toward approaches to motivation for treatment and Twelve Step beliefs. Methods: Dually diagnosed patients (N = 100) completed a survey assessing treatment attitudes, motivation, and Twelve Step beliefs. Results: Endorsement of medical services was positively correlated with motivation but unrelated to Twelve Step beliefs. Endorsement of religious services was unrelated to motivation but was associated with Twelve Step beliefs. Conclusions: Patients may have differing perceptions regarding routes to recovery based on preferences for professional services or spiritual resources
— id: 107367, year: 2009, vol: 35, page: 301, stat: Journal Article,

Spiritual Orientation among Adolescents in a Drug-Free Residential Therapeutic Community
Solhkhah, R; Galanter, M; Dermatis, H; Daly, J; Bunt, G
2009 APR ;18(1):57-71, Journal of child & adolescent substance abuse
Clinically, the treatment of substance abuse has relied on the Twelve Steps model, which is heavily focused on issues of spirituality. Adolescents may have cognitive and developmental issues that preclude them from taking advantage of the Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) model. To this end, we examined the spiritual orientation and spiritual behaviors among adolescent substance abusers in a drug-free residential therapeutic community (TC). One hundred and eighty-six adolescent clients of a drug-free residential therapeutic community were given a self-report questionnaire about their substance abuse and attitudes toward spirituality. The adolescents had a mean Spiritual Orientation Score of 21.48, reflecting a significantly lower level of spiritual orientation than adults in a similar setting. Also, adolescents who were heavy marijuana users were less spiritual than those adolescents who used marijuana less. Spirituality and affiliation with religious institutions may be considered a protective factor because they represent more conventional beliefs and attitudes and indicate a stronger social bond to conventional society
— id: 97885, year: 2009, vol: 18, page: 57, stat: Journal Article,

A guide for preparation of an academic edited book
Galanter, Marc
2008 ;29(1):1-4, Substance abuse
— id: 95455, year: 2008, vol: 29, page: 1, stat: Journal Article,

Network therapy
Galanter, Marc
The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of substance abuse treatment Arlington, VA, US: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., 2008,
(from the chapter) Network therapy (Galanter 1999) can be defined as a multimodal approach to rehabilitation in which specific family members and friends are enlisted to provide ongoing support and promote attitude change. The goal of this approach is the prompt achievement of abstinence, with relapse prevention and the development of a drug-free adaptation. Network members are part of the therapist's working team and are not recipients of treatment. Most mental health professionals are ill prepared to help alcoholic or drug-abusing patients achieve recovery, even though addicted patients and their families regularly turn to them for help. Furthermore, few alcoholic or drug-addicted individuals are willing to go to 12-step programs, such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), until they have endured their illness for a long time, and most drop out before becoming involved. A pointed question inevitably arises: How can health care providers engage and treat these troubled, addicted individuals more effectively? The practitioner should attempt to support a patient's rehabilitation by means of the social ties available in his or her own community. An individual's network enhances the effectiveness of ambulatory therapy and includes his or her spouse, friends, and/or family of origin. Components of the network are parts of the natural support system that usually operates without professional involvement, and if these components can be brought to act in concert, the network can serve as a therapeutic device. The network can complement individual or group therapy and AA.
— id: 4682, year: 2008, vol: , page: 401, stat: Chapter,

Spirituality, evidence-based medicine, and alcoholics anonymous
Galanter, Marc
2008 Dec;165(12):1514-1517, American journal of psychiatry
— id: 91461, year: 2008, vol: 165, page: 1514, stat: Journal Article,

The concept of spirituality in relation to addiction recovery and general psychiatry
Galanter, Marc
2008 ;18:125-140, Recent developments in alcoholism
This chapter is directed at defining the nature of spirituality and its relationship to empirical research and clinical practice. A preliminary understanding of the spiritual experience can be achieved on the basis of diverse theoretical and empirically grounded sources, which will be delineated: namely, physiology, psychology, and cross-cultural sources. Furthermore, the impact of spirituality on mental health and addiction in different cultural and clinical settings is explicated regarding both beneficial and compromising outcomes. Illustrations of its application in addiction and general psychiatry are given: in meditative practices, Alcoholics Anonymous, and treatment programs for addiction singly and comorbid with major mental illness. Given its prominence in Alcoholics Anonymous and related Twelve-Step groups, spirituality plays an important role in the rehabilitation of many substance-dependent people. The issue of spirituality, however, is prominent within contemporary culture as well in the form of theistic orientation, as evidenced in a probability sampling of American adults, among whom 95% of respondents reply positively when asked if they believe in 'God or a universal spirit.' Responses to a follow-up on this question suggest that this belief affects the daily lives of the majority (51%) of those sampled, as they indicated that they had talked to someone about God or some aspect of their faith or spirituality within the previous 24 h (Gallup, 2002)
— id: 92689, year: 2008, vol: 18, page: 125, stat: Journal Article,

The concept of spirituality in relation to addiction recovery and general psychiatry
Galanter, Marc
Research on Alcoholics Anonymous and spirituality in addiction recovery New York, NY, US: Springer Science + Business Media, 2008,
(from the chapter) This chapter is directed at defining the nature of spirituality and its relationship to empirical research and clinical practice. A preliminary understanding of the spiritual experience can be achieved on the basis of diverse theoretical and empirically grounded sources, which will be delineated: namely, physiology, psychology, and cross-cultural sources. Furthermore, the impact of spirituality on mental health and addiction in different cultural and clinical settings is explicated regarding both beneficial and compromising outcomes. Illustrations of its application in addiction and general psychiatry are given in meditative practices, Alcoholics Anonymous, and treatment programs for addiction singly and comorbid with major mental illness. Given its prominence in Alcoholics Anonymous and related Twelve-Step groups, spirituality plays an important role in the rehabilitation of many substance-dependent people. The issue of spirituality, however, is prominent within contemporary culture as well in the form of theistic orientation, as evidenced in a probability sampling of American adults, among whom 95% of respondents reply positively when asked if they believe in 'God or a universal spirit.' Responses to a follow-up on this question suggest that this belief affects the daily lives of the majority (51%) of those sampled, as they indicated that they had talked to someone about God or some aspect of their faith or spirituality within the previous 24 h (Gallup, 2002).
— id: 5136, year: 2008, vol: , page: 125, stat: Chapter,

Research on Alcoholics Anonymous and spirituality in addiction recovery
Galanter, Marc [Ed]; Kaskutas, Lee Ann [Ed]
New York, NY, US: Springer Science + Business Media, 2008,
(from the preface) This volume contributes to our scientific understanding of recovery from alcoholism. In essence, the body of work contained here frames an overall question of how the twelve-step process established by Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) intersects with spiritual beliefs to establish abstinence and guide recovery with little professional input. The scientific debate over AA and twelve-step programs has evolved from whether they are effective for individuals that utilize them to why they are effective and how to improve participation. This includes a detailed look at special populations and the self-selection bias reflected in a voluntary organization. The first four chapters address who participates in AA and how to make improvements in the participation of twelve-step programs. For individuals that 'work' twelve-step programs, there appears to be increases in the spiritual growth and improvements in psychosocial functioning. Several chapters define spiritual experiences and the impact of spirituality on recovery and rehabilitation from many psychiatric disorders, including alcoholism. An expanded definition of spirituality includes meditative practices and this lends itself to experimental designs that address effectiveness. The 'core spiritual beliefs' of AA and the explicit steps in enhancing spirituality are defined and examined. Chapters are devoted to understanding the role of spiritual growth through building a community by helping other alcoholics and participating in self-government. Several authors make the distinction that AA is more than a twelve-step approach to attaining sobriety. Nevertheless, it is also clear that the twelve-step program of AA sets a prototype 'road to recovery' for many other addictions. Also included is how the research questions that address the effectiveness of AA and the role of spirituality are framed by historical perspectives. The scope and depth of this volume make it an important reference for the practicing physician and scientists interested in improving recovery from alcoholism or other addictions.
— id: 1895, year: 2008, vol: , page: , stat: ,

Addressing patients' spirituality in medical treatment
Galanter, Marc; Glickman, Linda; Dermatis, Helen; McMahon, Caitlin; Tracy, Kathlene
2008 ;15(9):82-90, Primary Psychiatry
Medical care has long been associated with religion and spirituality, but in recent years a trend has arisen to introduce diverse spiritually oriented approaches in the context of empirically grounded practice. This article reviews the application of these approaches in contemporary medical practice. It highlights the relative utility of such applications, the use of spiritual assessment of the patient, and the role of the clergy and nursing in introducing spirituality into the clinical setting. It then presents findings from a program developed by the authors to employ spiritual support groups in the general hospital in order to aid patients in coping with illness, and to develop among them a more positive identification with their treatment providers.
— id: 100660, year: 2008, vol: 15, page: 82, stat: Journal Article,

The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of substance abuse treatment
Galanter, Marc; Kleber, Herbert D
Arlington, VA, US: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., 2008,
— id: 1441, year: 2008, vol: , page: , stat: ,

[Preface]
Galanter, Marc; Kleber, Herbert D
The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of substance abuse treatment Arlington, VA, US: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., 2008,
(from the preface) The first edition of this volume emerged from the growing commitment of the country to address the problem of substance abuse. In the decades before the first edition came out, a number of significant events occurred, including the establishment of National Institutes on both alcohol and drug abuse in the early 1970s. The first edition of this textbook, was published in 1994. The second followed in 1999, and the third in 2004. We are now pleased to present a fully updated version of this textbook, tailored to present the most current basic science and clinical information on the substance abuse field. In accordance with the need to provide fresh perspectives on the issues presented, new chapters have been added and new authors have been invited to present the issues covered. For example, because of a growth in the basic understanding of mechanisms of action of different drugs of abuse, we are now presenting separate chapters on the biology and clinical management for each of the drug categories in the second section of this book. The nature and role of buprenorphine, an important addition to the armamentarium of physicians treating opioid addiction, is now presented in much greater detail. A greater understanding of the nature of 12-step programs and their role in addiction treatment has allowed for more attention to this fellowship. In order to increase the utility of this volume, we have made more use of tabular presentation of material. We have designed this volume to serve clinicians in practice and researchers as well as trainees in psychiatry who are concerned with addiction, general medicine, and other health professions.
— id: 4685, year: 2008, vol: , page: 29, stat: Chapter,

Study guide to substance abuse treatment: A companion to The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of substance abuse treatment, Fourth Edition
Hales, Robert E; Bourgeois, James A; Shahrokh, Narriman; Galanter, Marc
Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Publishing, 2008,
Study guide to substance abuse treatment is a question-and-answer companion that allows you to evaluate your mastery of the subject matter as you progress through The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of substance abuse treatment, Fourth Edition (Galanter and Kleber). The Study guide is made up of 293 questions divided into 49 individual quizzes of 4-9 questions each that correspond to chapters in the Textbook. Questions are followed by an Answer Guide that references relevant text (including the page number) in the Textbook to allow quick access to needed information. Each answer is accompanied by a discussion that not only addresses the correct response but also explains why other responses are not correct
— id: 1815, year: 2008, vol: , page: , stat: ,

Medical students surveyed: Use of and attitudes toward club drugs
Horowitz, A; Galanter, M; Dermatis, H; Shehata, A; Franklin, J
2008 JUL ;17(4):338-338, American journal on addictions
— id: 86852, year: 2008, vol: 17, page: 338, stat: Journal Article,

Use of and attitudes toward club drugs by medical students
Horowitz, Alex; Galanter, Marc; Dermatis, Helen; Franklin, John
2008 ;27(4):35-42, Journal of addictive diseases
This study assesses medical students' use of and attitudes towards club drugs, classified as 'Generation I' (i.e., cocaine and lysergic acid diethylamide), and 'Generation II' (i.e., methylenedioxymethamphetamine [MDMA], ketamine, gamma hydroxybutyrate, methamphetamine, rohypnol, dextromethorphan) club drugs based on their initial widespread use in club settings. An anonymous questionnaire was administered to 340 medical students. The prevalence of any club drug use was 16.8%, with MDMA (11.8%) and cocaine (5.9%) the most commonly used. Results discussed also include the relationship of age and gender to having ever used club drugs and to their attitudes regarding use. Additionally, the study identifies differences in patterns of use and attitudes toward Generation I versus Generation II club drugs based on age, gender, and participants' prior club drug use. Findings are compared to those of earlier studies about medical students and those in a similar age group in the general population
— id: 95454, year: 2008, vol: 27, page: 35, stat: Journal Article,

Twelve-step facilitation
Ries, Richard K; Galanter, Marc; Tonigan, J. Scott
The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of substance abuse treatment Arlington, VA, US: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., 2008,
(from the chapter) The goal of this chapter is to help clinicians better engage and support patients who have co-occurring or primary alcohol or drug problems through use of 12-step programs to enhance treatment outcomes and recovery. Twelve-step facilitation (TSF) is an evidence-based practice with a large research base, a therapy manual (Nowinski et al, 1995), and a Web-based training site (Sholomskas and Carroll 2006). It is a valuable technique easily available to the practicing psychiatrist and other mental health professionals. The research base of TSF is reviewed in other chapters of this book. This chapter is a condensed presentation of some of the key techniques and concepts of TSF, with some special adaptations for psychiatric practice. An important concept to recognize at the outset is that TSF is a therapist's technique to help patients engage in and maximize their response to 12-step meetings, such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA). (TSF is not AA, nor is it, as far as we know, officially endorsed by AA or other 12-step programs.) TSF can also be applied to treat individuals who are dependent on substances other than alcohol, such as narcotics. Such individuals can be encouraged to go to Narcotics Anonymous (NA) meetings, where the 12 steps are applied as well.
— id: 4683, year: 2008, vol: , page: 373, stat: Chapter,

Music therapy: A novel motivational approach for dually diagnosed patients
Ross, S; Cidambi, I; Dermatis, H; Weinstein, J; Ziedonis, D; Roth, S; Galanter, M
2008 JUL ;17(4):330-330, American journal on addictions
— id: 86851, year: 2008, vol: 17, page: 330, stat: Journal Article,

Music therapy: a novel motivational approach for dually diagnosed patients
Ross, Stephen; Cidambi, Indra; Dermatis, Helen; Weinstein, Jason; Ziedonis, Douglas; Roth, Serena; Galanter, Marc
2008 ;27(1):41-53, Journal of addictive diseases
Co-occurring mental illness and addiction is very common and results in worse treatment outcomes compared to singly diagnosed addicted individuals. Integrated treatment for co-occurring disorders is associated with better treatment outcomes; however there is a wide range of what is included in integrated treatment. Due to patient and staff interests, integrated treatment often includes complementary and alternative therapies, including music and art therapy. There is a need to study how these approaches effect treatment engagement, retention, and outcome. This study was a prospective naturalistic non-randomized pilot study without a control group that sought to evaluate how participation in a music therapy program affected treatment outcomes for individuals with co-occurring mental illness and addiction. In summary, music therapy appears to be a novel motivational tool in a severely impaired inpatient sample of patients with co-occurring disorders. Future studies of music therapy in integrated co-occurring disorder setting should include a control group
— id: 79568, year: 2008, vol: 27, page: 41, stat: Journal Article,

The need for understanding the role of spirituality in twelve-step programs
Shrikhande, Aditi; Dermatis, Helen; Galanter, Marc
2008 ;29(4):1-3, Substance abuse
— id: 95456, year: 2008, vol: 29, page: 1, stat: Journal Article,

Uses of coercion in addiction treatment: clinical aspects
Sullivan, Maria A; Birkmayer, Florian; Boyarsky, Beth K; Frances, Richard J; Fromson, John A; Galanter, Marc; Levin, Frances R; Lewis, Collins; Nace, Edgar P; Suchinsky, Richard T; Tamerin, John S; Tolliver, Bryan; Westermeyer, Joseph
2008 Jan-Feb;17(1):36-47, American journal on addictions
Coerced or involuntary treatment comprises an integral, often positive component of treatment for addictive disorders. By the same token, coercion in health care raises numerous ethical, clinical, legal, political, cultural, and philosophical issues. In order to apply coerced care effectively, health care professionals should appreciate the indications, methods, advantages, and liabilities associated with this important clinical modality. An expert panel, consisting of the Addiction Committee of the Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry, listed the issues to be considered by clinicians in considering coerced treatment. In undertaking this task, they searched the literature using Pubmed from 1985 to 2005 using the following search terms: addiction, alcohol, coercion, compulsory, involuntary, substance, and treatment. In addition, they utilized relevant literature from published reports. In the treatment of addictions, coercive techniques can be effective and may be warranted in some circumstances. Various dimensions of coercive treatment are reviewed, including interventions to initiate treatment; contingency contracting and urine testing in the context of psychotherapy; and pharmacological methods of coercion such as disulfiram, naltrexone, and the use of a cocaine vaccine. The philosophical, historical, and societal aspects of coerced treatment are considered
— id: 95458, year: 2008, vol: 17, page: 36, stat: Journal Article,

The importance of hopelessness among university students seeking psychiatric counseling
Williams, Caroline B; Galanter, Marc; Dermatis, Helen; Schwartz, Victor
2008 Dec;79(4):311-319, Psychiatric quarterly
Hopelessness is a clinically important state relative to morbidity and suicide risk among university students. We examined its role in relation to presenting concerns, diagnosis, psychopharmacologic treatment and spiritual orientation among students seeking treatment at a university counseling center. The most commonly identified concern was anxiety, followed by stress and depression. Eighty-two percent were given a DSM IV diagnosis. Hopelessness was higher among students dually diagnosed with anxiety and depressive disorders and those who were started on psychiatric medication. Spirituality was inversely correlated with hopelessness and constitutes a personal characteristic warranting further investigation. The concerns bringing students to counseling, the rates of DSM IV diagnosis and the use of psychiatric medication suggest a preponderance of psychopathology over developmental or situational concerns that may be more prominent than has been noted in the counseling literature. In this regard, hopelessness appears to be an important feature even beyond its relationship to suicidality and merits attention and evaluation in student counseling
— id: 95457, year: 2008, vol: 79, page: 311, stat: Journal Article,

Spirituality and recovery in 12-step programs: an empirical model
Galanter, Marc
2007 Oct;33(3):265-272, Journal of substance abuse treatment
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and other 12-step programs are widely employed in the addiction rehabilitation community. It is therefore important for researchers and clinicians to have a better understanding of how recovery from addiction takes place, in terms of psychological mechanisms associated with spiritual renewal. A program like AA is described here as a spiritual recovery movement, that is, one that effects compliance with its behavioral norms by engaging recruits in a social system that promotes new and transcendent meaning in their lives. The mechanisms underlying the attribution of new meaning in AA are considered by recourse to the models of positive psychology and social network support; both models have been found to be associated with constructive health outcomes in a variety of contexts. By drawing on available empirical research, it is possible to define the diagnosis of addiction and the criteria for recovery in spiritually oriented terms
— id: 75451, year: 2007, vol: 33, page: 265, stat: Journal Article,

Assessment of spirituality and its relevance to addiction treatment
Galanter, Marc; Dermatis, Helen; Bunt, Gregory; Williams, Caroline; Trujillo, Manuel; Steinke, Paul
2007 Oct;33(3):257-264, Journal of substance abuse treatment
The prominence of Twelve-Step programs has led to increased attention on the putative role of spirituality in recovery from addictive disorders. We developed a 6-item Spirituality Self-Rating Scale designed to reflect a global measure of spiritual orientation to life, and we demonstrated here its internal consistency reliability in substance abusers on treatment and in nonsubstance abusers. This scale and the measures related to recovery from addiction and treatment response were applied in three diverse treatment settings: a general hospital inpatient psychiatry service, a residential therapeutic community, and methadone maintenance programs. Findings on these patient groups were compared to responses given by undergraduate college students, medical students, addiction faculty, and chaplaincy trainees. These suggest that, for certain patients, spiritual orientation is an important aspect of their recovery. Furthermore, the relevance of this issue may be underestimated in the way treatment is framed in a range of clinical facilities
— id: 75447, year: 2007, vol: 33, page: 257, stat: Journal Article,

Substance-abusing physicians: monitoring and twelve-step-based treatment
Galanter, Marc; Dermatis, Helen; Mansky, Peter; McIntyre, John; Perez-Fuentes, Gabriela
2007 Mar-Apr;16(2):117-123, American journal on addictions
This study was designed to provide an independent evaluation of the oversight and rehabilitation of substance-impaired physicians. Records of 104 physicians who had completed their monitoring period by the New York State Committee on Physicians' Health were selected at random from CPH files. They had been followed for an average of 41.3 months. Practice characteristics and substance use before admission, as well as workplace monitoring, twelve-step attendance, urine toxicologies, and relapse incidence after admission are reported. Significant intercorrelations among these variables were ascertained by logistic regression. The utility of twelve-step-based rehabilitation as part of a treatment plan for sustaining abstinence and averting relapse is discussed
— id: 73409, year: 2007, vol: 16, page: 117, stat: Journal Article,

An overview of outpatient treatment of adolescent substance abuse
Galanter, Marc; Glickman, Linda; Singer, David
2007 Jun;28(2):51-58, Substance abuse
This paper reviews the literature on ambulatory substance abuse treatment for adolescents, including brief intervention, Twelve-Step-based outpatient treatment, family-based treatment, cognitive behavioral therapy, and pharmacologic treatment. An overview of socially and culturally specific strategies is also included. The diversity of settings and approaches and combinations of approaches in the treatment of adolescents is emphasized as are adaptations of Twelve-Step and other group based interventions. Family-based and multisystem therapy, adapted for substance using adolescents, is highlighted as a promising future direction of effective treatment
— id: 95459, year: 2007, vol: 28, page: 51, stat: Journal Article,

Socially sanctioned coercion mechanisms for addiction treatment
Nace, Edgar P; Birkmayer, Florian; Sullivan, Maria A; Galanter, Marc; Fromson, John A; Frances, Richard J; Levin, Frances R; Lewis, Collins; Suchinsky, Richard T; Tamerin, John S; Westermeyer, Joseph
2007 Jan-Feb;16(1):15-23, American journal on addictions
Coercion as a strategy for treatment of addiction is an effective but often negatively perceived approach. The authors review current policies for involuntary commitments and explore coercive dimensions of treating alcohol and drug dependence in the workplace, sports, and through professional licensure. Gender-specific issues in coercion are considered, including evidence for improved treatment retention among pregnant and parenting women coerced via the criminal justice system. Social security disability benefits represent an area where an opportunity for constructive coercion was missed in the treatment of primary or comorbid substance use disorders. The availability of third-party funding for the voluntary treatment of individuals with substance use disorders has decreased. This unmet need, coupled with the evidence for positive clinical outcomes, highlights the call for implementing socially sanctioned mechanisms of coercion
— id: 95461, year: 2007, vol: 16, page: 15, stat: Journal Article,

Gang membership and subsequent engagement into a drug free therapeutic community
Widlitz, Michelle; Dermatis, Helen; Galanter, Marc; Bunt, Gregory
2007 Jun;28(2):33-40, Substance abuse
The purpose of the present study was to assess the relationship of history of gang involvement to engagement in Therapeutic Community (TC) treatment. Residents (N = 222) at two Daytop facilities completed a survey assessing sociodemographic characteristics, prior gang involvement and multiple aspects of TC functioning. Residents with prior gang involvement (21%) were younger and less educated than those without prior gang involvement. Although gang involved residents were more likely to achieve a high work role status in the program they scored lower on multiple indicators of engagement in treatment including acceptance of Daytop philosophy and TC clinical progress
— id: 95460, year: 2007, vol: 28, page: 33, stat: Journal Article,

Preference for spirituality and twelve-step-oriented approaches among adolescents in a residential therapeutic community
Aromin, Romulo A; Galanter, Marc; Solhkhah, Ramon; Bunt, Gregory; Dermatis, Helen
2006 ;25(2):89-96, Journal of addictive diseases
This study sought to determine which adolescents being treated for substance use in a residential Therapeutic Community (TC) would endorse spirituality and Twelve Step oriented approaches as part of their treatment. By identifying individual difference characteristics associated with preference for spirituality and Twelve Step oriented approaches, integrated substance abuse treatments can be targeted to appropriate subgroups of adolescents. A total of 181 adolescents completed a survey assessing their substance use and attitudes toward spirituality and Twelve Step oriented approaches that was similar to a survey completed by 322 adults in the same residential TC program. In the adolescent sample, three spirituality related characteristics: perceived connectedness to others, frequency of prayer, and spiritual orientation to life were associated with preference for both spirituality and twelve step oriented approaches being featured more in TC treatment. Adolescents were less likely than adults to express a preference that both approaches be featured more in TC treatment
— id: 69686, year: 2006, vol: 25, page: 89, stat: Journal Article,

Buprenorphine for heroin addicts: the issue of illicit opioid abuse during maintenance
Cho, Elizabeth; Dermatis, Helen; Galanter, Marc
2006 Jun;27(1-2):1-3, Substance abuse
— id: 95462, year: 2006, vol: 27, page: 1, stat: Journal Article,

Evaluation of a model for the treatment of combined mental illness and substance abuse: the Bellevue model for peer-led treatment in systems change
Dermatis, Helen; Galanter, Marc; Trujillo, Manuel; Rahman-Dujarric, Claudia; Ramaglia, Kimberly; LaGressa, Dorothea
2006 ;25(3):69-78, Journal of addictive diseases
The present study evaluated a model program at Bellevue Hospital Center incorporating a peer-led self-help (PLSH) approach which can be applied to bring about systems-level change in a variety of settings where persons with dual diagnosis are encountered. A total of 461 consecutive MICA inpatient admissions were evaluated to compare the PLSH unit with two standard psychiatric units. The PLSH program was associated with a higher rate of acceptance of aftercare referral (93% vs. 74%) and aftercare attendance (52% vs. 30%) among patients with no prior psychiatric hospitalizations (N = 111). In addition, the PLSH program appeared to benefit chronically impaired MICA patients (N = 350) or those with a history of prior psychiatric hospitalizations, as they were more likely to accept referral to aftercare treatment than were chronic patients discharged from the standard psychiatric units (96% vs. 81%). Such a program, when more widely applied, could yield decreased recidivism and considerably lower medical, psychiatric, and economic cost
— id: 70303, year: 2006, vol: 25, page: 69, stat: Journal Article,

Innovations: alcohol & drug abuse: spirituality in Alcoholics Anonymous: a valuable adjunct to psychiatric services
Galanter, Marc
2006 Mar;57(3):307-309, Psychiatric services
Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) is described as a spiritual fellowship by many of its members, but its spiritual orientation needs to be better understood by clinicians and researchers. Spirituality is a latent construct, one that is inferred from multiple component dimensions, such as social psychology, neurophysiology, and treatment outcome research. Mechanisms related to its role in promotion of recovery in AA are discussed from the perspective of these findings, along with related options for professionally grounded treatment, such as Twelve-Step Facilitation. This discussion illustrates the importance of further research on AA and spirituality and of employing them in the provision of psychiatric services
— id: 68625, year: 2006, vol: 57, page: 307, stat: Journal Article,

Spirituality and addiction: a research and clinical perspective
Galanter, Marc
2006 Jul-Aug;15(4):286-292, American journal on addictions
Spirituality is a construct that has recently gained currency among clinicians because of its close association with twelve-step modalities and its perceived role in the promotion of meaningfulness in recovery from addiction. This article draws on studies from physiology, psychology, and cross-cultural sources to examine its nature and its relationship to substance use disorders. Illustrations of its potential and limitations as a component of treatment in spiritually oriented recovery movements like Alcoholics Anonymous, meditative practices, and treatment systems for the dually diagnosed are given
— id: 71919, year: 2006, vol: 15, page: 286, stat: Journal Article,

Recovery and spiritual transformation among peer leaders of a modified methadone anonymous group
Glickman, Linda; Galanter, Marc; Dermatis, Helen; Dingle, Shannon
2006 Dec;38(4):531-533, Journal of psychoactive drugs
This analysis of five recovery narratives from leaders of a peer-led, 12-Step-based self- help group in a methadone treatment program highlights the importance of spiritually-mediated role transformation in the recovery process. For these men and women in their forties and fifties, their progression to a leadership role helping others with their recovery validated the spiritual transformation they regarded as underlying their own recovery process. Assumption of this new leadership/helper role marked a tangible sign that their deepened spirituality allowed them to assume a new, higher function in a struggle with the addiction that had plagued their lives. For these peer leaders, methadone was at the core of the group experience and an aid to spiritual transformation
— id: 71424, year: 2006, vol: 38, page: 531, stat: Journal Article,

A model for substance abuse consultation in a general hospital: Process and outcome
Grodzicki, J; Ross, S; Galanter, M
2006 JUL-AUG ;15(4):324-325, American journal on addictions
— id: 67031, year: 2006, vol: 15, page: 324, stat: Journal Article,

Alcohol problems in adolescents and young adults: Epidemiology, neurobiology, prevention, and treatment
Rudin, Steven B; Volpp, Serena Y; Marshall, Randall D; Stovall-McClough, K. Chase; Cloitre, Marylene; Lindenmayer, J. P; Khan, Anzalee; Javitt, Daniel C; Laruelle, Marc; Galanter, Marc
New York, NY, US: Springer Science + Business Media, 2006,
(from the cover) Adolescence is a time of major change and new experiences--and experimenting with drinking is often one of them. Alcohol continues to be the substance of choice for today's youth, leading to serious physical, psychological, and social consequences. Alcohol Problems in Adolescents and Young Adults ably addresses this growing trend. It comprehensively presents a wide-ranging clinical picture of teen drinking--epidemiology, neurobiology, behavioral phenomena, diagnostic and assessment issues, prevention and treatment data--in a developmental context. Fifty expert contributors display the scientific rigor, practical wisdom, and nuanced analysis that readers have come to expect from previous volumes. Among the subjects studied in depth: Initiation of alcohol use/abuse, Risk and protective factors for alcohol dependence, High-risk adolescent populations, Drinking habits of college students, Long-range consequences of teenage drinking, Family-, school-, and community-based prevention programs and Treatment of comorbid substance and psychiatric disorders. Clinicians, researchers, and policy makers will find this a bedrock source of evidence-based knowledge, whether one's goal is choosing an age-appropriate assessment tool for eighth graders, preventing drinking among high school students, or understanding the alcohol-friendliness of campus culture. Here is a critical resource for all professionals dedicated to helping youngsters grow up sober
— id: 1450, year: 2006, vol: , page: , stat: ,

Association for medical education and research in substance abuse
Samet, Jeffrey H; Galanter, Marc; Bridden, Carly; Lewis, David C
2006 Jan;101(1):10-15, Addiction
The Association for Medical Education and Research in Substance Abuse (AMERSA) is a multi-disciplinary organization committed to health professional faculty development in substance abuse. In 1976, members of the Career Teachers Training Program in Alcohol and Drug Abuse, a US federally funded multi-disciplinary faculty development program, formed AMERSA. The organization grew from 59 founding members, who were primarily medical school faculty, to over 300 health professionals from a spectrum of disciplines including physicians, nurses, social workers, dentists, allied health professionals, psychologists and other clinical educators who are responsible for advancing substance abuse education. AMERSA members promote substance abuse education among health professionals by developing curricula, promulgating relevant policy and training health professional faculty to become excellent teachers in this field. AMERSA influences public policy by offering standards for improving substance abuse education. The organization publishes a peer-reviewed, quarterly journal, Substance Abuse, which emphasizes research on the education and training of health professions and also includes original clinical and prevention research. Each year, the AMERSA National Conference brings together researchers and health professional educators to learn about scientific advances and exemplary teaching approaches. In the future, AMERSA will continue to pursue this mission of advancing and supporting health professional faculty who educate students and trainees to address substance abuse in patients and clients
— id: 119142, year: 2006, vol: 101, page: 10, stat: Journal Article,

Alcohol problems in adolescents and young adults : Epidemiology neurobiology prevention treatment
Galanter, Marc
New York, NY, US: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2005,
(from the preface) In this edition, the authors cover the wide spectrum of epidemiologic, prevention, neurobiological, behavioral and clinical issues related to alcohol use and adolescents. The wide range of topical areas mirrors the prominence of alcoholism and alcohol abuse in the American landscape. Each of these areas alone presents significant challenges and opportunities to assist in understanding the fundamental issues and crafting effective remedies.
— id: 854, year: 2005, vol: , page: , stat: ,

Network therapy
Galanter, Marc
Substance abuse : a comprehensive textbook Philadelphia : Lippincott Williams & Wilkins, 2005,
— id: 5489, year: 2005, vol: , page: ?, stat: Chapter,

Group Therapy, Self-Help Groups, and Network Therapy
Galanter, Marc; Hayden, Francis; Castaneda, Ricardo; Franco, Hugo
Clinical textbook of addictive disorders, 3rd ed New York, NY, US: Guilford Publications, 2005,
(from the chapter) Treatment modalities that employ social networks, such as group therapy, self-help programs, and adaptations of individual office-based psychotherapy, are of particular importance in treating alcoholism and drug abuse. This chapter explores the impact of group treatment in a number of disparate settings. We look at therapy groups directed specifically at the treatment of addiction, at 12-step programs such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), and Narcotics Anonymous (NA), and at institution-based self-help for substance abusers. The role of the clinician varies considerably in relation to each of these modalities; in each case, the mental health professional is provided with an unusual opportunity to step out of the traditional role of the psychodynamic therapist or the psychopharmacologist and examine the ways in which social influence is wrought through the group setting
— id: 4708, year: 2005, vol: , page: 502, stat: Chapter,

Clinical textbook of addictive disorders, 3rd ed
Galanter, Marc; Hayden, Francis; Castaneda, Ricardo; Franco, Hugo; Frances, Richard J; Miller, Sheldon I; Mack, Avram H
New York, NY, US: Guilford Publications, 2005,
(from the cover) Now in a revised and expanded third edition, this authoritative volume presents state-of-the-science knowledge about all aspects of addictive disorders and their treatment. Leading researchers and practitioners describe best practices in assessment and diagnosis and provide the latest tools for working with users of specific substances. Updated throughout and featuring a wealth of useful new material, this is an indispensable text for anyone studying or treating these prevalent and highly challenging problems. Divided into five parts, the book begins by describing the scientific foundations and historical background of addictions treatment. Current procedures for psychological evaluation and laboratory testing are then outlined. Subsequent sections provide vital substance-specific information and examine issues in working with particular populations, including polysubstance abusers, culturally diverse patients, women, and older adults. Next, widely used psychosocial and pharmacological treatment approaches are thoroughly reviewed. Throughout, attention is given to the importance of tailoring interventions to each patient's needs while delivering compassionate, evidence-based care. Offering expanded coverage of comorbidity and dual diagnosis, the third edition contains entirely new chapters on the neuroscientific basis of addiction, addiction to gambling and to pain medications, and substance abuse in the workplace, as well as a chapter on dialectical behavior therapy. Timely and comprehensive, this volume belongs on the desks of practitioners, graduate students, and residents in a range of disciplines, including psychiatry, clinical psychology, social work, substance abuse counseling, and allied health fields. It serves as a core text for courses in addiction psychiatry and substance abuse counseling
— id: 1453, year: 2005, vol: , page: , stat: ,

Spirituality and addiction
Grodzicki, Jaime; Galanter, Marc
2005 Jun;26(2):1-4, Substance abuse
— id: 95463, year: 2005, vol: 26, page: 1, stat: Journal Article,

Recent developments in alcoholism: Volume 17. Alcohol problems in adolescents and young adults
Levin, Ze'ev; Bernstein, Carol A; Manley, Myrl R. S; Trachtenberg, David; Galanter, Marc
New York, NY, US: Kluwer Academic/Plenum Publishers, 2005,
(from the preface) In this edition, the authors cover the wide spectrum of epidemiologic, prevention, neurobiological, behavioral and clinical issues related to alcohol use and adolescents. The wide range of topical areas mirrors the prominence of alcoholism and alcohol abuse in the American landscape. Each of these areas alone presents significant challenges and opportunities to assist in understanding the fundamental issues and crafting effective remedies
— id: 1451, year: 2005, vol: , page: , stat: ,

Enhancing physicians' use of Alcoholics Anonymous: Internet-based training
Sellers, Brealyn; Galanter, Marc; Dermatis, Helen; Nachbar, Martin
2005 ;24(3):77-86, Journal of addictive diseases
INTRODUCTION: Alcoholics Anonymous is not yet fully employed by the medical community as a means to enhance patient outcome. The purpose of this study was to evaluate visitors' use of an Internet course on Alcoholics Anonymous, and to compare how various disciplines learned about, gained access to and participated in the course. METHODS: Demographic information was collected from 414 visitors to the course. RESULTS: 64% of the 414 respondents received their last educational degree within the last 10 years, and had an interest in the topic of addiction prior to their accessing the site. 294 (71%) of those who accessed the course completed it, and those who accessed it learned about it from various sources other than print advertisement in professional journals. Within the 230 physician respondents, 143 (62%) were psychiatrists, 82 (78%) of whom learned about the Internet course via professional journal. DISCUSSION: Given the need for further training among physicians in the use of Alcoholics Anonymous, the Internet can be utilized to make information available to a large number of people. Because it allows the user to access information outside the traditional means, the barriers to its use are minimal, and it has the potential to effectively convey useful clinical information
— id: 62360, year: 2005, vol: 24, page: 77, stat: Journal Article,

A survey of addiction training in child and adolescent psychiatry residency programs
Waldbaum, Marjorie; Galanter, Marc; Dermatis, Helen; Greenberg, William M
2005 Jul-Aug;29(3):274-278, Academic psychiatry
OBJECTIVE: Childhood and adolescence represent a critical period for the potential initiation of substance use, and thus it is important that child and adolescent psychiatry (CAP) residents learn to screen, assess, refer, and/or treat children and adolescents who have substance abuse diagnoses. METHOD: The authors conducted a survey by mail of directors from all accredited U.S. CAP residency programs in order to describe addiction training in their respective programs. RESULTS: Seventy percent of program directors responded and indicated diverse addiction training experiences for their residents. Findings indicate that the majority of CAP residents are treating patients with substance use disorders in both years of training and in multiple treatment settings. CONCLUSION: The survey provides preliminary data for system-level constraints that merit additional consideration in order to potentially advance addiction training in CAP residencies
— id: 60357, year: 2005, vol: 29, page: 274, stat: Journal Article,

Orientation toward spirituality and self-help approaches in the therapeutic community
Dermatis, Helen; Guschwan, Marianne T; Galanter, Marc; Bunt, Gregory
2004 ;23(1):39-54, Journal of addictive diseases
Although Alcoholics Anonymous and other Twelve-Step interventions are among the most widely utilized self-help options by persons with chemical dependency, little is known concerning whether this approach should be integrated with non-spirituality based self-help approaches. The purpose of this study was to assess the extent to which clients receiving inpatient treatment in a residential therapeutic community (TC) felt that spirituality based interventions should be featured in TC treatment. Three hundred twenty-two members of the Daytop TC completed a survey assessing personal orientation to spirituality and attitudes towards spirituality based treatments. The majority of clients believed that the TC program should feature spirituality more in treatment. Nearly half agreed that the Twelve-Step (AA) approach should be more a part of TC treatment. Preference for Twelve-Step meeting interventions was positively correlated with past attendance at Twelve-Step meetings. Personal spiritual orientation to life was positively correlated with endorsement of spirituality based interventions in TC treatment. These findings highlight the importance of integrating treatment approaches which address the spiritual needs of TC residents
— id: 46049, year: 2004, vol: 23, page: 39, stat: Journal Article,

Network therapy
Galanter, Marc
The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of substance abuse treatment Washington DC : American Psychiatric Publishing, 2004,
(from the chapter) In this chapter, I define aspects of addiction relevant to ambulatory therapy and describe a treatment technique developed to help addicted patients achieve recovery. Network therapy (Galanter 1999) can be defined as a multimodal approach to rehabilitation in which specific family members and friends are enlisted to provide ongoing support and promote attitude change. The goal of this approach is the prompt achievement of abstinence, with relapse prevention and the development of a drug-free adaptation. Network members are part of the therapist's working team and are not recipients of treatment.
— id: 3774, year: 2004, vol: , page: 353, stat: Chapter,

Network therapy: decreased secondary opioid use during buprenorphine maintenance
Galanter, Marc; Dermatis, Helen; Glickman, Linda; Maslansky, Robert; Sellers, M Brealyn; Neumann, Erna; Rahman-Dujarric, Claudia
2004 Jul;26(4):313-318, Journal of substance abuse treatment
Network therapy (NT) employs family members and/or friends to support compliance with an addiction treatment carried out in office practice. This study was designed to ascertain whether NT is a useful psychosocial adjunct, relative to a control treatment, for achieving diminished illicit heroin use for patients on buprenorphine maintenance. Patients agreeing to randomization to either NT (N = 33) or medication management (MM, N = 33) were inducted onto short-term buprenorphine maintenance and then tapered to zero dose. NT resulted in significantly more urine toxicologies negative for opioids than MM (65% vs. 45%) and more NT than MM patients (50% vs. 23%) experienced a positive outcome relative to secondary heroin use by the end of treatment. The use of NT in office practice may therefore improve the effectiveness of eliminating secondary heroin use during buprenorphine maintenance. It may also be useful in enhancing compliance with an addiction treatment regimen in other contexts
— id: 46142, year: 2004, vol: 26, page: 313, stat: Journal Article,

The American Psychiatric Publishing textbook of substance abuse treatment
Galanter, Marc; Kleber, Herbert D
Washington, DC, US: American Psychiatric Publishing, Inc., 2004,
(from the preface) The first edition of this volume emerged from a growing commitment of psychiatry to address the problem of substance abuse. In 1982, the American Psychiatric Association (APA) established its Task Force on Treatment of Psychiatric Disorders, consisting of 26 panels. The editors of this textbook served as chairpersons of the panels on psychoactive substance use disorders, alcohol, and other drugs. In response to this APA initiative, we brought together a group of experts who could provide a carefully drawn perspective on addiction treatment, perhaps the most comprehensive one to date. After several years' work, our panels developed reports for the Task Force that were published by the APA in 1989 in the four-volume set Treatments of Psychiatric Disorders. Soon after the appearance of these volumes, we decided that it was important to update and amplify the substance abuse treatment information. In addition, we wanted to focus on the most recent developments in biological and psychosocial therapies and the problems of specific populations. The resulting volume, the first edition of this textbook, appeared in 1994, and the second edition followed in 1999. We are now pleased to present a fully updated version of this textbook, tailored to represent the most current basic and clinical perspectives on the substance abuse field.We have designed this volume to serve clinicians in practice and researchers concerned with addiction as well as trainees in psychiatry, general medicine, and other health professions. We therefore hope that this book will serve as a valuable treatment resource for any health care professional concerned with the problems posed by the issue of substance abuse.
— id: 853, year: 2004, vol: , page: , stat: ,

Evaluation of medical student attitudes toward alcoholics anonymous
Fazzio, Lydia; Galanter, Marc; Dermatis, Helen; Levounis, Petros
2003 Sep;24(3):175-185, Substance abuse
This is a two-phase study on attitudes of medical students toward Alcoholics Anonymous. The first phase compares views of addiction faculty to third-year medical students on the importance of spirituality in addiction treatment. We administered a questionnaire to assess attitudes toward spiritual, biological, and psychosocial approaches to addiction treatment. The faculty viewed spirituality as relatively more important in addiction treatment than did the students. The second phase was designed to assess whether medical student attitudes toward spiritually based treatments changed over the course of a psychiatry clerkship. At the beginning of the clerkship, students rated a spiritually oriented approach as important in addiction treatment as a biological approach, whereas, at the end of the clerkship, they rated the biological approach as more important. It may be important to educate medical students about the spiritual dimensions of recovery so they can integrate this into their treatment of addiction
— id: 39110, year: 2003, vol: 24, page: 175, stat: Journal Article,

Self-help treatment for combined addiction and mental health illness
Galanter M
2003 ;1:179-182, Focus the journal of lifelong learning in psychiatry
'Influential publication' [Reprinted from Psychiatric services 2000;51(8):977-979
— id: 36978, year: 2003, vol: 1, page: 179, stat: Journal Article,

Network therapy for alcohol and drug use
Galanter, Marc
Washington DC : American Psychiatric Publishers, 2003,
— id: 902, year: 2003, vol: , page: , stat: ,

Short-term buprenorphine maintenance: treatment outcome
Galanter, Marc; Dermatis, Helen; Resnick, Richard; Maslansky, Robert; Neumann, Erna
2003 ;22(3):39-49, Journal of addictive diseases
Fifty-two heroin addicts were inducted onto buprenorphine under the care of psychiatric residents in a setting modeled on office practice. Subjects were maintained on a protocol of six weeks of 16 mg daily dosing, then tapered to zero dose up to week 16, and maintained on placebo through week 18. Of 44 subjects who continued after the first induction dose, 11 terminated during maintenance, 17 during taper; and 16 while on zero dose. Twice weekly urine toxicologies showed significant successive declines in samples positive for heroin use across these three periods: 70%, 41%, and 20%, respectively. Among historical variables, only prior AA attendance distinguished subjects who achieved zero dose from those who did not. A comparison with recent studies suggests that relatively inexperienced office-based physicians can maintain patients on buprenorphine at a level comparable to that reported for research clinic settings, but with comparable rates of heroin abstinence. These findings are discussed in light of potential options for office-based opioid maintenance
— id: 46253, year: 2003, vol: 22, page: 39, stat: Journal Article,

The role of therapeutic alliance in network therapy: a family and peer support-based treatment for cocaine abuse
Glazer, Samuel S; Galanter, Marc; Megwinoff, Olga; Dermatis, Helen; Keller, Daniel S
2003 Jun;24(2):93-100, Substance abuse
The therapeutic alliance is a well-studied construct factor that is important to outcome in many forms of individual therapy. Therapeutic alliance has been rarely studied in group therapy and results in addiction treatment have been mixed. In this paper, we studied the presence of a therapeutic alliance in Network Therapy: an approach that uses peer and family support in addiction treatment. Twenty-one participants undergoing Network Therapy for cocaine addiction were observed on videotape, and were rated on therapeutic alliance using the Working Alliance Inventory and the Penn Helping Alliance Rating Scale. Results showed a significant positive correlation between therapeutic alliance and outcome as measured by the percentage of cocaine-free urine toxicology screens and by eight consecutive cocaine-free urines
— id: 36759, year: 2003, vol: 24, page: 93, stat: Journal Article,

Circuit parties and patterns of drug use in a subset of gay men
Lee, Steven J; Galanter, Marc; Dermatis, Helen; McDowell, David
2003 ;22(4):47-60, Journal of addictive diseases
This study examined the characteristics of gay men attending circuit parties and their drug use. In particular, the role of methylenediomethamphetamine (MDMA, 'ecstasy') was considered in relation to other drug use and sexual behavior. A one-page survey was distributed to 173 men attending a circuit party. Respondents were generally gay men, Caucasian, employed, and well-educated. Twenty-five percent self-identified as HIV-positive. Eighty-six percent reported using at least one substance on the day of the party; polydrug use was frequent. The most common substances were MDMA, ketamine, and methamphetamine. MDMA use was highly associated with ketamine, methamphetamine, and cocaine use. MDMA use was also associated with significantly more receptive anal intercourse. Circuit parties are settings of increased drug use and associated high-risk sexual behavior. A better understanding of these issues is needed to develop interventions aimed at reducing drug use and sexual risk taking among gay men who attend circuit parties
— id: 46272, year: 2003, vol: 22, page: 47, stat: Journal Article,

Somatization, anxiety and depression in a drug-free residential therapeutic community
Metrikin, Aaron S; Galanter, Marc; Dermatis, Helen; Bunt, Gregory
2003 Winter;12(1):60-70, American journal on addictions
This study aims to assess the nature and prevalence of somatization and related psychiatric symptoms among residents in Daytop Village, a drug-free residential therapeutic community (TC). Three hundred and twenty two residents at Daytop were surveyed, and when compared with a normal, non-patient reference group, residents at Daytop exhibited higher levels of somatization, depression, and anxiety as measured with the Brief Symptom Inventory. Multiple linear regression analysis showed that being widowed or divorced, having marijuana/hallucinogens as greatest drug problem, and the importance of a religious figure in entering Daytop were associated with higher levels of somatization. A length of stay of 3-6 months and acceptance of Daytop program philosophy was inversely correlated with somatization scores. These findings are discussed with particular attention focused on the role of somatization among TC residents. (Am J Addict 2003;12:60-70)
— id: 36761, year: 2003, vol: 12, page: 60, stat: Journal Article,

A comparison between dually diagnosed inpatients with and without Axis II comorbidity and the relationship to treatment outcome
Ross, Stephen; Dermatis, Helen; Levounis, Petros; Galanter, Marc
2003 May;29(2):263-279, American journal of drug & alcohol abuse
The presence of a personality disorder (PD) has been associated with certain types of poor treatment outcomes in patients with substance use disorders (SUDs). The purpose of this study was to determine the prevalence of comorbid PDs in psychiatrically hospitalized adults with both non-SUD Axis I disorders and SUDs, and to assess the relationship between Axis II psychopathology and degree of pretreatment addiction severity and treatment outcome. METHOD: One hundred consecutive inpatients admitted to a mixed dual diagnosis inpatient unit were assessed using semistructured interviews for SUDs, non-SUD Axis I disorders, and PDs. Pretreatment severity was assessed using a modified version of the Addiction Severity Index (ASI). Outcome measures were assessed both during hospitalization and at an initial follow-up appointment after discharge. Statistical analyses were performed comparing dually diagnosed patients with and without Axis II psychopathology. RESULTS: A significant number (53%) of the patients met criteria for at least one personality disorder. Of the PDs, Cluster B PDs were the most prevalent, particularly borderline personality disorder (74%) and antisocial personality disorder (66%). Dually diagnosed patients without an Axis II diagnosis had less severe pretreatment severity measures. During hospitalization, patients with Axis II disorders had higher levels of psychopathology on the Brief Symptom Inventory (BSI) subscales of sensitivity and hostility. However, there was no difference in overall degree of global improvement during hospitalization. During follow-up, patients with Axis II disorders were significantly less likely to be compliant in attending their initial follow-up appointment. CONCLUSIONS: Dual diagnosis inpatients with PDs appear to improve as much as patients without PDs during their inpatient hospitalizations; however, they appear to be less likely to be compliant with attending their initial follow-up appointment
— id: 36760, year: 2003, vol: 29, page: 263, stat: Journal Article,

Responsibility and choice in addiction
Boyarsky, Beth K; Dilts, Stephen; Frances, Richard J; Frosch, William A; Galanter, Marc; Levin, Frances; Lewis, Collins; Loomis, Earl; Menninger, John A; Nace, Edgar P; Suchinsky, Richard; Sullivan, Maria; Tamerin, John; Westermeyer, Joseph; Wolkoff, David; Ziedonis, Douglas
2002 ;53(6):707-713 Jun, Psychiatric services
The treatment of patients with substance use disorders requires that providers be aware of their own views on the relative roles of personal responsibility and of forces outside personal control in the onset and progression of and recovery from these disorders. The authors review the role of responsibility for addiction from several viewpoints: biological, psychological, sociocultural, self-help, religious, and forensic. Factors that affect personal responsibility in addictive diseases include awareness of the problem, knowledge of a genetic predisposition, understanding of addictive processes, comorbid psychiatric or medical conditions, adequacy of the support network, nature of the early environment, degree of tolerance of substance abuse in the sociocultural context, and the availability of competent psychiatric, medical, and chemical dependency treatment. Factors that affect societal responsibility include degree of access to illicit drugs, society's level of tolerance of drug use, the courts' approach to deterring substance abuse, individuals' refusal to obtain substance abuse treatment, presence of clear behavioral norms, availability of early assessment and prevention, presence of community education, and degree of access to outpatient and community treatment.
— id: 36841, year: 2002, vol: 53, page: 707, stat: Journal Article,

Improved psychological status in a modified therapeutic community for homeless MICA men
Egelko, Susan; Galanter, Marc; Dermatis, Helen; Jurewicz, Eva; Jamison, Andrea; Dingle, Shannon; De Leon, George
2002 ;21(2):75-92, Journal of addictive diseases
An adaptation of the drug-free therapeutic community (TC) model to homeless men with comorbid mental illness and chemical addiction (MICA) was evaluated with respect to change in psychological status over the course of a six-month residential treatment. Psychological status was assessed by: the Symptom Checklist-90-R (SCL90-R), Beck Depression Inventory (BDI), Shortened Manifest Anxiety Scale (SMAS), and Tennessee Self-Concept Scale (TSCS). A total of 52 out of an original study cohort of 124 residents were followed in longitudinal analyses to treatment midpoint, with a subset of 34 assessed through treatment completion. Significant, widespread psychological improvements were found during both the first and second half of treatment; it would appear that distress reduction was ongoing throughout treatment, with intrapersonal preceding interpersonal relief. The premise of applying a socially-based treatment to this population is discussed in light of these findings
— id: 36768, year: 2002, vol: 21, page: 75, stat: Journal Article,

Practice guideline for the psychiatric evaluation of adults
Fogel, Barry S; Shellow, Ronald; Binder, Renee; Bonner, Jack 33; Dickstein, Leah; Flamm, Gerald; Galanter, Marc; Lehman, Anthony; Lu, Francis; Popkin, Michael; Wilson, George
American Psychiatric Association practice guidelines for the treatment of psychiatric disorders: Compendium 2002 Washington DC: APA, 2002,
(from the chapter) This reprinted article originally appeared in the American Journal of Psychiatry, 1995(Nov), Vol 152(11, Suppl), 63-80. (The following abstract of the original article appeared in record 1996-08774-001.) Presents practice guidelines for psychiatric evaluation of adults. Three purposes of evaluation (general, emergency, and clinical) are discussed, and preferred sites of clinical evaluations are described. Domains of the clinical evaluation are identified, including (1) the reason for the evaluation, (2) past psychiatric history, (3) general medical history and history of substance abuse, (4) mental status examinations and functional assessments, and (5) diagnostic tests. The evaluation process, including methods of obtaining information, is described. Special evaluation considerations include interactions with 3rd-party payers and their agents, privacy and confidentiality, and the evaluation of elderly persons. The development process of the guideline is outlined.
— id: 3028, year: 2002, vol: , page: 1, stat: Chapter,

Healing through social and spiritual affiliation
Galanter, Marc
2002 Sep;53(9):1072-1074, Psychiatric services
— id: 36764, year: 2002, vol: 53, page: 1072, stat: Journal Article,

Network Therapy
Galanter, Marc
The group therapy of substance abuse New York, NY, US: Haworth Press, Inc., 2002,
(from the chapter) Individual therapists in office practice are often considered to have limited effectiveness in treating alcohol and drug dependence. This chapter describes Network Therapy, a group approach designed to assure greater success in such treatment, employing behavioral and psychodynamic therapy, while engaging the patient in a support group composed of a network of family members and peers. It was developed over an extended period of time to meet the practical needs of clinical practice, and encompasses group modalities that have been applied in recent years by other clinicians and researchers. Three key elements are introduced into the Network Therapy technique. First, support from the patient's natural social network is engaged in treatment. Second, the orchestration of resources to provide community reinforcement gives support for drug-free rehabilitation. Third, a cognitive-behavioral approach is employed in order to promote relapse prevention.
— id: 3426, year: 2002, vol: , page: 189, stat: Chapter,

Residencies in addiction psychiatry: 1990 to 2000, a decade of progress
Galanter, Marc; Dermatis, Helen; Calabrese, DeeAnna
2002 Summer;11(3):192-199, American journal on addictions
This article reviews the history and status of addiction psychiatry residencies based on surveys conducted in 1990 and again in 1999. The 19 of 38 approved programs in operation since 1990 filled more positions than those that were more recently accredited, but they were not significantly different in time allocated to respective clinical assignments or in salary support. Altogether, the programs provide a broad array of training sites (inpatient and outpatient, alcohol and other-drug related) suitable for the diverse needs that graduates will encounter. There were, however, differences in the balance of time dedicated to research relative to patient care. Salaries were relatively modest and drawn from federal and local sources
— id: 36765, year: 2002, vol: 11, page: 192, stat: Journal Article,

Network therapy for cocaine abuse: use of family and peer supports
Galanter, Marc; Dermatis, Helen; Keller, Daniel; Trujillo, Manuel
2002 Spring;11(2):161-166, American journal on addictions
Cocaine-dependent subjects were treated by psychiatric residents in a 24-week sequence of Network Therapy. This approach, developed for practitioners in solo practice, employs a cognitive-behavioral orientation in sessions with family and peers as well as in individual sessions. Of 47 subjects, 73% of all observed weekly urines were negative for cocaine, and 20 (45%) of the subjects had negative toxicologies in the last 3 scheduled samples. A positive outcome was associated with the number of network (but not individual) sessions attended and completion of the full treatment sequence. Results suggest the utility of Network Therapy, even in the hands of relatively naive therapists
— id: 36767, year: 2002, vol: 11, page: 161, stat: Journal Article,

Correlates of HIV transmission risk factors and considerations for interventions in homeless, chemically addicted and mentally ill patients
Levounis, Petros; Galanter, Marc; Dermatis, Helen; Hamowy, Alexander; De Leon, George
2002 ;21(3):61-72, Journal of addictive diseases
A study was conducted to ascertain correlates of HIV high risk behaviors and attitudes toward HIV. A questionnaire was administered to 103 men living in a modified therapeutic community (TC) for homeless, chemically addicted and mentally ill men. The psychiatric diagnoses of the sample population included psychotic disorders (48%), depressive disorders (36%), and bipolar disorders (16%). Forty-two percent reported that their primary substance of abuse was cocaine and another 40% named alcohol as the substance to which they were most addicted. Two logistic regression analyses were conducted, one with needle sharing as the outcome measure and one with endorsement of the need for lifestyle changes to reduce risk of HIV transmission. Cocaine users were 3.4 times more likely to have shared needles than the rest of the sample. Patients who had a history of sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) were 17 times more likely to endorse the need for lifestyle changes. The level of HIV transmission knowledge was unrelated to HIV risk behaviors or attitudes
— id: 36766, year: 2002, vol: 21, page: 61, stat: Journal Article,

Spiritual orientation among adolescents in a drug-free residential therapeutic community
Solhkhah, R; Galanter, M; Dermatis, H; Daly, J; Bunt, G
2002 Apr;21(2):31A-, Journal of addictive diseases
— id: 27498, year: 2002, vol: 21, page: 31A, stat: Journal Article,

The role of social cohesion among residents in a therapeutic community
Dermatis H; Salke M; Galanter M; Bunt G
2001 Sep;21(2):105-110, Journal of substance abuse treatment
According to the Therapeutic Community (TC) treatment approach, social affiliation with the drug-free peer community is the basis for patients initiating therapeutic change. A total of 322 TC residents were assessed with regard to social affiliation, acceptance of TC philosophy, perceived benefit of program components, level of depression, and length of time in treatment. Residents exhibited a higher level of affiliation with TC members than with untreated substance abusers they knew outside the program. Being female, and separated from a spouse, were each associated with a higher level of TC member affiliation. After controlling for sociodemographic characteristics, two variables emerged as unique significant correlates of affiliation: perceived benefit for recovery of TC treatment was associated with greater TC member affiliation, whereas level of depression was inversely correlated. These findings are interpreted in relation to the goals of the TC process and to implications for treatment
— id: 26664, year: 2001, vol: 21, page: 105, stat: Journal Article,

Network therapy
Galanter M
Treatments of psychiatric disorders Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Press, 2001,
— id: 3082, year: 2001, vol: , page: 879, stat: Chapter,

Network therapy for addiction: bringing family and peer support into office practice
Galanter M; Brook D
2001 Jan;51(1):101-122, International journal of group psychotherapy
Network therapy was developed as a specialized type of combined individual and group therapy to ensure greater success in the office-based treatment of addicted patients by using both psychodynamic and cognitive-behavioral approaches to individual therapy while engaging the patient in a group support network composed of family members and peers. This article outlines the role of group cohesiveness as a vehicle for engaging patients in this treatment; the patient's family and peers are used as a therapeutic network, joining the patient and therapist at intervals in therapy sessions. This network is managed by the therapist to provide cohesiveness and support, to undermine denial, and to promote compliance with treatment. The author presents applications of the network technique designed to sustain abstinence and describes means of stabilizing the patient's involvement. Some specific techniques discussed include ambulatory detoxification, disulfiram and naltrexone administration, relapse prevention, and contingency contracting. Also discussed are recent research on the use of psychiatric residents and counselors for treatment, and use of the Internet in dissemination
— id: 26820, year: 2001, vol: 51, page: 101, stat: Journal Article,

The impact of managed care on substance abuse treatment: a problem in need of solution. A report of the American Society of Addiction Medicine
Galanter M; Keller DS; Dermatis H; Egelko S
2001 ;15(6):419-436, Recent developments in alcoholism
— id: 21124, year: 2001, vol: 15, page: 419, stat: Journal Article,

Substance-related disorders
Galanter M; Kleber HD
Treatments of psychiatric disorders Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Press, 2001,
— id: 3081, year: 2001, vol: , page: 627, stat: Chapter,

Methadone Anonymous: A 12-Step Program for Methadone Maintained Heroin Addicts
Gilman SM; Galanter M; Dermatis H
2001 Dec;22(4):247-256, Substance abuse
Methadone Anonymous (MA) is a new 12-step fellowship developed for methadone maintained heroin addicts. A total of 53 MA members completed a survey assessing factors related to methadone maintenance treatment program (MMTP) entry, drug use, MA participation, beliefs concerning effectiveness of MMTP and MA, and level of social cohesiveness. Length of time in MA was associated with a decreased use of alcohol, cocaine, and marijuana. Clients rated components of MA to be significantly more helpful to recovery than MMTP treatment components. Affiliation to five MA members known best by the respondents was significantly greater than affiliation to non-MA members. Length of time in MA was positively associated with MA affiliation. Social affiliation and endorsement of 12-step principles were positively correlated. These findings suggest that MA participation has benefits not available in professionally driven MMTP, and should be further studied
— id: 36763, year: 2001, vol: 22, page: 247, stat: Journal Article,

Buprenorphine treatment of heroin dependence (detoxification and maintenance) in a private practice setting
Resnick RB; Galanter M; Resnick E; Pycha C
2001 ;20(2):75-83, Journal of addictive diseases
At the conclusion of a 3-year demonstration project in a medical setting in which refusal to accept methadone was an inclusion criterion, 12 subjects were unable to detoxify from buprenorphine and remained adamant in their refusal to enroll in a MMTP. In order to study the feasibility of expanding opportunities for treatment previously unavailable to this under-served population of heroin addicts, these 12 subjects plus an additional 11 subjects (N = 23) were recruited for a 12 months trial of buprenorphine treatment conducted in an office-based setting on a fee-for-service basis. An additional cohort of 40 heroin dependent subjects were entered in a protocol for detoxification only. The findings demonstrate both feasibility and patient acceptance of office based fee-for-service buprenorphine treatment, supporting the need for (1) additional studies of this population and (2) changes in government regulations to reintroduce addiction treatment under physician auspices in private practice settings
— id: 20709, year: 2001, vol: 20, page: 75, stat: Journal Article,

A bacterial method for the nitrogen isotopic analysis of nitrate in seawater and freshwater
Sigman DM; Casciotti KL; Andreani M; Barford C; Galanter M; Bohlke JK
2001 Sep 1;73(17):4145-4153, Analytical chemistry
We report a new method for measurement of the isotopic composition of nitrate (NO3-) at the natural-abundance level in both seawater and freshwater. The method is based on the isotopic analysis of nitrous oxide (N20) generated from nitrate by denitrifying bacteria that lack N2O-reductase activity. The isotopic composition of both nitrogen and oxygen from nitrate are accessible in this way. In this first of two companion manuscripts, we describe the basic protocol and results for the nitrogen isotopes. The precision of the method is better than 0.2/1000 (1 SD) at concentrations of nitrate down to 1 microM, and the nitrogen isotopic differences among various standards and samples are accurately reproduced. For samples with 1 microM nitrate or more, the blank of the method is less than 10% of the signal size, and various approaches may reduce it further
— id: 36769, year: 2001, vol: 73, page: 4145, stat: Journal Article,

Self-help treatment for combined addiction and mental illness
Galanter M
2000 Aug;51(8):977-979, Psychiatric services
— id: 11580, year: 2000, vol: 51, page: 977, stat: Journal Article,

The impact of managed care on substance abuse treatment: a report of the American Society of Addiction Medicine
Galanter M; Keller DS; Dermatis H; Egelko S
2000 ;19(3):13-34, Journal of addictive diseases
This report examines the impact of managed care (MC) and related developments on substance abuse treatment, and evaluates how it has been associated with a decline in the availability of proper treatment for many addicted patients. A trend toward carve-out and for-profit MC organizations is associated with lower financial incentives for intensive treatment than in earlier staff-model and not-for-profit MC organizations. The value of substance abuse insurance coverage has declined by 75% between 1988 and 1998 for employees of mid-to large-size companies, compared with only an 11.5% decline for general health insurance. The shift towards MC has also been associated with a drastic reduction in frequency and duration of inpatient hospitalization, and there is no clear evidence that this reduction has been offset by a corresponding increase in outpatient support. In a survey of physicians treating addiction, the majority felt that MC had a negative impact on detoxification and rehabilitation, and on their ethical practice of addiction medicine
— id: 36770, year: 2000, vol: 19, page: 13, stat: Journal Article,

A psychological perspective on cults
Galanter, Marc
Psychiatry and religion: The convergence of mind and spirit Washington DC : APA, 2000,
(from the chapter) Explores the phenomenon of cults. Using contemporary examples, the author discusses the distinction between cults and religious organizations, describes important characteristics of cults, and highlights psychiatric sequelae of cult involvement. By drawing on empirical research and descriptive accounts of recent cult activity, this chapter describes a generic model for such cohesive, intensely ideological groups and examines the psychological forces they draw on. In particular, the chapter describes the characteristics of these phenomena by recourse to the model of the charismatic group. The model of the charismatic group can be used generically to describe contemporary cults and zealous self-help movements. Such a group is characterized by: (1) a high level of social cohesiveness, (2) an intensely held belief system, and (3) a profound influence on its members' behavior. It is 'charismatic' because of the commitment of members to a fervently espoused, transcendent goal; indeed, this goal is frequently articulated by a charismatic leader or ascribed to the progenitor of the group. As we shall see, charismatic groups can relieve certain symptoms associated with psychopathology, although they can precipitate psychiatric symptoms as well.
— id: 3029, year: 2000, vol: , page: 71, stat: Chapter,

Amicus brief: Kumho Tire v. Carmichael
Vidmar, Neil; Lempert, Richard O; Diamond, Shari Seidman; Hans, Valerie P; Landsman, Stephan; MacCoun, Robert; Sanders, Joseph; Hosch, Harmon M; Kassin, Saul; Galanter, Marc; Eisenberg, Theodore; Daniels, Stephen; Greene, Edith; Martin, Joanne; Penrod, Steven; Richardson, James; Heuer, Larry; Horowitz, Irwin
2000 ;24(4):387-400 Aug, Law & human behavior
In response to the US Supreme Court case of Kumho Tire Com. Ltd. v. Carmichael (1999) the defendant/petitioner (Kumho) and amici for the defendant made assertions that juries have known tendencies to be improperly influenced by expert evidence. This brief addresses the issue of jury performance and jury responses to expert testimony. It reviews and summarizes a substantial body of research evidence about jury behavior that has been produced over the past quarter century. The body of empirical research findings conducted contradicts the petitioner's assumptions. Surveys of both federal and state judges show that the overwhelming majority believe that juries are competent and conscientious. Studies comparing judges' opinions of the evidence at trial show substantial agreement with verdicts rendered by juries. Evidence challenges the view that jurors abdicate their responsibilities as fact-finders when faced with expert evidence or that they are pro-plaintiff, anti-defendant, and anti-business. This brief sharply challenges the view expressed in the petitioners' and amici' briefs that juries are composed of persons who suspend critical reasoning skills whenever experts testify in a trial.
— id: 36842, year: 2000, vol: 24, page: 387, stat: Journal Article,

Network therapy
Galanter M
The American Psychiatric Press textbook of substance abuse treatment Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Press, 1999,
— id: 3080, year: 1999, vol: , page: 361, stat: Chapter,

Research on spirituality and Alcoholics Anonymous
Galanter M
1999 Apr;23(4):716-719, Alcoholism: clinical & experimental research
— id: 6111, year: 1999, vol: 23, page: 716, stat: Journal Article,

The impact of managed care on addiction treatment: evaluating physicians' views and the value of health plan benefits
Galanter M
1999 ;18(4):1-4, Journal of addictive diseases
— id: 36771, year: 1999, vol: 18, page: 1, stat: Journal Article,

The impact of managed care on substance abuse treatment
Galanter M
1999 ;18(4):117-120, Journal of addictive diseases
— id: 11867, year: 1999, vol: 18, page: 117, stat: Journal Article,

Cults : faith, healing, and coercion
Galanter, Marc
New York : Oxford University Press, 1999,
— id: 896, year: 1999, vol: , page: , stat: ,

Network therapy for alcohol and drug abuse
Galanter, Marc
New York : Guilford Press, 1999,
— id: 893, year: 1999, vol: , page: , stat: ,

Network therapy
Galanter, Marc
Sourcebook on substance abuse: Etiology, epidemiology, assessment, and treatment Boston : Allyn & Bacon, 1999,
(from the chapter) Individual therapists in office practice are often considered to have limited effectiveness in treating alcohol and drug dependence. This chapter describes network therapy, an approach designed to assure greater success in such treatment, employing behavioral and psychodynamic therapy while engaging the patient in a support network composed of family members and peers. It was developed over an extended period of time to meet the practical needs of clinical practice, and encompasses modalities that have been applied in recent years by other clinicians and researchers. Network therapy is comprised of 3 key elements: social/peer support, coordination of treatment, and a cognitive behavioral treatment approach.
— id: 3031, year: 1999, vol: , page: 264, stat: Chapter,

Psychotherapy and family network therapy
Galanter, Marc; Castaneda, Ricardo
Handbook of comparative interventions for adult disorders New York : Wiley, 1999,
(from the chapter) In this chapter, the authors look at the risk factors that contribute to the onset of substance abuse, including social, genetic, and physiologic issues. Following this, the diagnostic criteria for substance abuse and dependence are reviewed, along with the problems associated with making a diagnosis, particularly issues of comorbidity and polysubstance dependence. The overall strategies for addiction treatment are reviewed, ranging from the initial patient encounter to techniques for family therapy and network therapy. Case descriptions are used to illustrate the particulars of the respective approaches, including the introduction of family supports, and monitoring the course of the patient's treatment. Specifics of network therapy, which include family and peer supports along with relapse prevention, are reviewed, along with the results of training in this technique. Particulars of inpatient treatment, therapeutic communities, multimodality outpatient treatment, and twelve-step groups are discussed relative to their integration into a comprehensive approach to treatment. Finally, the impact of managed care and the proper placement of patients in treatment are considered.
— id: 3030, year: 1999, vol: , page: 601, stat: Chapter,

The American Psychiatric Press textbook of substance abuse treatment
Galanter, Marc; Kleber, Herbert D
Washington, DC : The Press, c1999 ,
— id: 613, year: 1999, vol: , page: , stat: ,

Technology transfer of Network Therapy to community-based addictions counselors
Keller DS; Galanter M
1999 Mar;16(2):183-189, Journal of substance abuse treatment
This paper describes a technology transfer initiative in which Network Therapy (NT), a substance abuse treatment that utilizes peer and family support, was disseminated to a cohort of addictions counselors located in an outpatient community-based addictions treatment center. Training methods included a didactic seminar, role-playing, use of videotaped illustrations, and clinical supervision, and are described in detail. Counselors then implemented the NT approach with a sample of cocaine-abusing patients (N = 10) who were being treated concurrently with the standard program provided by the treatment setting. NT patients were compared by chart review with a cohort of cocaine abusers who received community treatment--as-usual (TAU) (N = 20). The groups did not differ on demographic variables or the amount of TAU received at the community program. However, NT patients had significantly less positive urinalyses than TAU patients, though they were not significantly different in terms of treatment retention. Implications for technology transfer are discussed
— id: 7366, year: 1999, vol: 16, page: 183, stat: Journal Article,

Correlates of protracted homelessness in a sample of dually diagnosed psychiatric inpatients
Leal D; Galanter M; Dermatis H; Westreich L
1999 Mar;16(2):143-147, Journal of substance abuse treatment
The authors assessed sociodemographic, drug use, and diagnostic correlates of protracted homelessness in a sample of 147 dually diagnosed patients who required admission to the hospital. When 58 patients with protracted homelessness, defined as continuous undomiciled status for over a year, were compared with 74 patients without protracted homelessness, significant differences were found with regard to diagnosis, employment status, criminality, Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale score on admission, and history of injection drug use. The results of a multiple logistic regression analysis confirmed that a history of injection drug use, current unemployment, and a diagnosis of schizophrenia were positively associated with a history of protracted homelessness. No significant relationships were obtained between protracted homelessness and demographics or chronicity of mental illness
— id: 7382, year: 1999, vol: 16, page: 143, stat: Journal Article,

Buprenorphine treatment of heroin dependence in a private practice setting
Resnick, RB; Resnick, E; Pycha, C; Galanter, M
1999 APR ;18(2):131-131, Journal of addictive diseases
— id: 54073, year: 1999, vol: 18, page: 131, stat: Journal Article,

Schizophrenic Patients and Cocaine Use: Antecedents to Hospitalization and Course of Treatment
Dermatis H; Galanter M; Egelko S; Westreich L
1998 Dec;19(4):169-177, Substance abuse
This study was designed to assess whether cocaine abuse was associated with a different set of antecedents and course for hospitalized schizophrenic patients. Forty-three cocaine-using and 27 non-cocaine-using patients with schizophrenia admitted to a dual diagnosis unit were compared with regard to antecedents to hospitalization such as prior treatment episodes, reliance on drugs for pleasure and tension reduction, and criminal history as well as course of hospital treatment. Cocaine-using patients were more likely to have had a history of prior inpatient drug treatment and to rely on drugs to a greater extent for tension reduction and pleasure. There was a trend for cocaine users to have a history of arrests for violent crimes. Although cocaine-using patients exhibited lower levels of global distress during the first week of hospitalization, they were no different from their counterparts who abused nonpsychostimulant drugs with regard to outcome of hospital treatment. These findings suggest that the lifetime course of illness among schizophrenic patients presenting for hospitalization who abuse cocaine may be characterized by episodes of repeated inpatient drug treatment and impaired impulse control. More rigorous discharge planning and aftercare program monitoring in the community as well as stress management interventions directed to tension reduction are therefore warranted
— id: 36762, year: 1998, vol: 19, page: 169, stat: Journal Article,

Impact of social anxiety in a "therapeutic community"--oriented cocaine treatment clinic
Egelko S; Galanter M
1998 Spring;7(2):136-141, American journal on addictions
The authors assessed social-evaluative anxiety in 50 cocaine abusers attending an outpatient therapeutic-community (TC)-oriented clinic. This group-based modality presumes that the ability of clients to self-disclose is key to recovery. Fully half of the clients tested, some of whom had been attending treatment for a number of months, showed an elevation of social withdrawal and distress. Newcomers with higher social anxiety scores were less likely to drop out of treatment over the first 3 months, and self-reported level of social anxiety decreased over this time interval. These findings suggest that social anxiety may be an important consideration in treatment for cocaine abuse and that the rigors of a modified TC with intense focus on group involvement may reduce social anxiety
— id: 57140, year: 1998, vol: 7, page: 136, stat: Journal Article,

Evaluation of a multisystems model for treating perinatal cocaine addiction
Egelko S; Galanter M; Dermatis H; DeMaio C
1998 May-Jun;15(3):251-259, Journal of substance abuse treatment
Two stages of a gender-specific treatment program for perinatal cocaine-addicted women were introduced into a coed peer-led day treatment program and evaluated for outcomes. Stage I (N = 21) targeted gender-specific needs, but did not expressly promote family reintegration. Stage II (N = 27) augmented the gender-specific program with a multisystems model for family reintegration. As a control for historical effects, nonperinatal clients whose treatment remained the same during the periods corresponding to the two stages, were evaluated for outcomes (N = 66 for Stage I, N = 75 for Stage II). As hypothesized, urine toxicology and retention data were significantly improved for perinatal clients treated in Stage II, as compared with those treated in Stage I; no such improvements were noted for non-perinatal clients. The data support a conclusion that introducing a multisystems framework into a gender-specific program selectively improves clinical outcomes for inner-city perinatal cocaine-addicted women
— id: 7555, year: 1998, vol: 15, page: 251, stat: Journal Article,

Network therapy: a model for office practice
Galanter M
Principles of addiction medicine Chevy Chase, Md. : American Society of Addiction Medicine, 1998,
— id: 3079, year: 1998, vol: , page: 653, stat: Chapter,

Group therapy, self-help groups and network therapy
Galanter M; Castaneda R; Franco H
Clinical textbook of addictive disorders New York : Guilford Press, 1998,
— id: 3078, year: 1998, vol: , page: 521, stat: Chapter,

Homelessness and mental illness in a professional- and peer-led cocaine treatment clinic
Galanter M; Dermatis H; Egelko S; De Leon G
1998 Apr;49(4):533-535, Psychiatric services
The combined problems of substance abuse, mental illness, and homelessness among the urban poor represent a major public health issue. The study evaluated 340 patients attending a cocaine day treatment program that integrates peer leadership and professional supervision. Thirty-six percent of the sample had a major mental illness, and 39 percent were homeless. Sixty-nine percent achieved an acceptable final urine toxicology status, and the median number of program visits was 46. Homelessness, a longer history of cocaine use, and a diagnosis of schizophrenia were associated with positive treatment outcomes. The results support the feasibility of a cocaine abuse treatment model combining professional and peer leadership
— id: 57148, year: 1998, vol: 49, page: 533, stat: Journal Article,

Use of the Internet for addiction education. Combining network therapy with pharmacotherapy
Galanter M; Keller DS; Dermatis H; Biderman D
1998 Winter;7(1):7-13, American journal on addictions
The authors prepared a course in addiction psychiatry for the Internet that combines a psychosocial and a medication modality for alcoholism; namely, network therapy and naltrexone. Responses of those who accessed the course revealed 679 counts (visits) at the Web Site. A group of 210 unique respondents, of whom 154 were psychiatrists, answered a demographic question set. Over half of these psychiatrists completed the course and evaluated it. The majority indicated that it helped them understand 'a good deal' about the management of alcoholism and the use of network therapy and naltrexone. This result suggests the feasibility of using the Internet as a vehicle for teaching in addiction psychiatry, an area where needs for training are often unmet
— id: 57149, year: 1998, vol: 7, page: 7, stat: Journal Article,

HIV risk factors in dually diagnosed patients
Krakow DS; Galanter M; Dermatis H; Westreich LM
1998 Winter;7(1):74-80, American journal on addictions
The authors examined correlates of HIV seropositivity in a sample of dually diagnosed inpatients. The subjects were 147 consecutively admitted patients to a specialized dual-diagnosis unit in a municipal hospital who were given a structured interview and HIV testing. The HIV seroprevalence was 19%, with women having a nearly fourfold increased risk of being HIV seropositive, as compared with men. Cocaine as drug of choice was also highly significant as a risk factor for HIV infection, independent of gender. This finding suggests that targeted prevention and education programs need to be developed for the dually diagnosed patient
— id: 57182, year: 1998, vol: 7, page: 74, stat: Journal Article,

Modified therapeutic community treatment for homeless dually diagnosed men. Who completes treatment?
Mierlak D; Galanter M; Spivack N; Dermatis H; Jurewicz E; De Leon G
1998 Mar-Apr;15(2):117-121, Journal of substance abuse treatment
We studied a modified therapeutic community designed for the treatment of patients with combined substance abuse and psychiatric disorders. This model has been ap117117plied on a limited basis in clinical practice, and little is known about the characteristics of patients who are likely to complete the prescribed stay in such a program. In this report, we present characteristics of 189 homeless dually diagnosed men who entered a shelter-based, modified therapeutic community with a prescribed 6-month stay. Thirty-four percent of admissions completed the prescribed stay. These patients were more likely to have fewer inpatient psychiatric admissions and more job experience than those who did not complete their stay. Findings are discussed in terms of their similarities and differences to findings from traditional therapeutic communities for the singly diagnosed
— id: 7680, year: 1998, vol: 15, page: 117, stat: Journal Article,

Crack cocaine and schizophrenia as risk factors for PPD reactivity in the dually diagnosed
Taubes T; Galanter M; Dermatis H; Westreich L
1998 ;17(3):63-74, Journal of addictive diseases
We studied factors contributing to an increased risk of PPD positive status among 147 inpatients dually diagnosed for mental illness and substance abuse in a large urban hospital. Ninety-three percent (N = 137) were tested for PPD on admission. The rate of positive PPDs was 30.7%. Significant correlates of PPD positive status were the diagnosis of schizophrenia/psychosis NOS (p < .05), and crack cocaine use in the 30 days prior to admission (p < .01). A multiple logistic regression revealed a relative risk of 3.53 (p < .005) for PPD positive status for the crack using group and a relative risk of 2.16 (p < .06) for PPD positive status for the schizophrenic group. Reasons for why patients whose primary drug of abuse is crack cocaine and those whose diagnosis is schizophrenia/psychosis NOS may be at an increased risk for exposure to tuberculosis are discussed as are the implications for public health
— id: 7455, year: 1998, vol: 17, page: 63, stat: Journal Article,

Network therapy : applying learning theory and social support models to office practice
Galanter M
Substance abuse : a comprehensive textbook Baltimore MD : Williams & Wilkins, 1997,
— id: 3083, year: 1997, vol: , page: 478, stat: Chapter,

Spiritual recovery movements and contemporary medical care
Galanter M
1997 Fall;60(3):211-223, Psychiatry
When confronted by the threat of illness, general medical and psychiatric patients may turn to treatments that have a spiritual orientation but lack empirical validation. This article examines the nature of contemporary movements that offer these treatments and their impact on medical care. A typology of spiritually oriented recovery movements is presented, including those associated with established religions, holistic medicine, or programs for self-liberation. Possible mechanisms for their behavioral and physiologic impact on health status are discussed. The psychological appeal of these treatments is analyzed in light of the way sick people may attribute meaning to illness and may then become engaged into a spiritual recovery movement, achieve a sense of self-efficacy through affiliation, and finally comply with putative 'healing' practices. Although some spiritual recovery movements provide hope in the face of illness and even offer therapeutic benefits, they may also discourage patients from getting appropriate medical treatment and promote harmful regimens. Options are discussed for mental health professionals' response to the spiritual orientation of their patients and options for future research
— id: 12272, year: 1997, vol: 60, page: 211, stat: Journal Article,

Network Therapy for addiction: assessment of the clinical outcome of training
Galanter M; Keller DS; Dermatis H
1997 Aug;23(3):355-367, American journal of drug & alcohol abuse
Mental health practitioners in the office setting are often seen as deficient in addiction treatment skills. Relevant training in often quite limited, and trainees are generally not introduced in an effective office-based modality. We studied the feasibility of teaching beginning therapists how to apply Network Therapy, a cognitive-behavioral approach to achieving abstinence and preventing relapse that augments individual therapy with support from family and friends. The therapists were 19 psychiatric residents without experience in substance abuse treatment or outpatient therapy, and the patients were 24 cocaine-dependent patients who received a 24-week course of Network treatment. The patients remained in treatment for an average of 15.4 weeks. Seventy-nine percent of their observed weekly urine toxicologies were negative for cocaine, and 42% of patients produced clean urines in the 3 weeks immediately before termination. The overall outcome compares favorably with that reported in studies on cocaine treatment where experienced therapists were employed. Our results suggest that naive mental health trainees can be taught to apply Network Therapy for effective substance abuse management. This is particularly relevant to technology transfer for general mental health trainees, who are often thought to be perceived to be refractory to learning about the outpatient management of addiction
— id: 12299, year: 1997, vol: 23, page: 355, stat: Journal Article,

Using the Internet for clinical training: a course on network therapy for substance abuse
Galanter M; Keller DS; Dermatis H
1997 Aug;48(8):999-1000, 1008, Psychiatric services
— id: 56947, year: 1997, vol: 48, page: 999, stat: Journal Article,

Validation of a scale for network therapy: a technique for systematic use of peer and family support in addition treatment
Keller DS; Galanter M; Weinberg S
1997 Feb;23(1):115-127, American journal of drug & alcohol abuse
Substance abuse treatments are increasingly employing standardized formats. This is especially the case for approaches that utilize an individual psychotherapy format but less so for family-based approaches. Network therapy, an approach that involves family members and peers in the patient's relapse prevention efforts, is theoretically and clinically differentiated in this paper from family systems therapy for addiction. Based on these conceptual differences, a Network Therapy Rating Scale (NTRS) was developed to measure the integrity and differentiability of network therapy from other family-based approaches to addiction treatment. Seven addictions faculty and 10 third- and fourth-year psychiatry residents recently trained in the network approach used the NTRS to rate excerpts of network and family systems therapy sessions. Data revealed the NTRS had high internal consistency reliability when utilized by both groups of raters. In addition, network and nonnetwork subscales within the NTRS rated congruent therapy excerpts significantly higher than noncongruent therapy excerpts, indicating that the NTRS subscales measure what they are designed to measure. Implications for research and training are discussed
— id: 12385, year: 1997, vol: 23, page: 115, stat: Journal Article,

The Greenhouse: A modified therapeutic community for mentally ill homeless addicts at New York University-Bellevue Medical Center
Silberstein, Charles H; Metzger, Elizabeth Jamner; Galanter, Marc
Community as method: Therapeutic communities for special populations and special settings Westport, CT : Praeger, 1997,
(from the chapter) Describes a residential community for homeless male substance abusers with chronic mental illnesses. This program was established in order to treat this underserved population and to be a model for programs that address the needs of the large portion of indigent dually diagnosed patients admitted to public psychiatric facilities. The program is called Mentally Ill Chemical Abuser (MICA)--Therapeutic Living Community (TLC). It was unofficially renamed 'The Greenhouse' by the community members. Topics include: The Greenhouse compared to traditional therapeutic communities and special issues and problems.
— id: 3032, year: 1997, vol: , page: 53, stat: Chapter,

Dual diagnosis patients in the modified therapeutic community: Does a criminal history hinder adjustment to treatment?
Taylor, Stephen M; Galanter, Marc; Dermatis, Helen; Spivack, Neal; Egelko, Susan
1997 ;16(3):31-38, Journal of addictive diseases
Data from a sample of chemically dependent homeless male patients with severe, persistent mental illness were analyzed to determine if those patients with a history of criminal convictions were as likely as non-criminal patients to adjust effectively to the social milieu of a modified drug-free therapeutic community. Of 183 sequential admissions studied, 76 had never been convicted of a crime, 46 had 1 conviction, and 61 had 2 or more. No differences were observed between the groups with respect to length of stay, social adjustment on admission, and change in social adjustment during the 1st 2 mo of treatment. These findings suggest that a history of criminal conduct does not compromise a dually diagnosed patient's likelihood of engaging in the social contract necessary for successful treatment in a TC.
— id: 36844, year: 1997, vol: 16, page: 31, stat: Journal Article,

Differences between men and women in dual-diagnosis treatment
Westreich L; Guedj P; Galanter M; Baird D
1997 Fall;6(4):311-317, American journal on addictions
The authors reviewed the charts of all women and a randomly selected sample of men over a 6-month period on two addiction treatment units at Bellevue Hospital Center in New York. The men were more likely to be admitted with schizophrenia and to have used substances of abuse other than alcohol, and the women were more likely to be admitted with affective disorders. Also, the women on the dual-diagnosis ward were more likely to be domiciled (i.e., not homeless), and the women on both units were significantly more likely to report having been crime victims. These findings suggest that dually diagnosed women need a substantially different treatment paradigm from men
— id: 12208, year: 1997, vol: 6, page: 311, stat: Journal Article,

Perceived social support and treatment retention on an inpatient addiction treatment unit
Westreich L; Heitner C; Cooper M; Galanter M; Guedj P
1997 Spring;6(2):144-149, American journal on addictions
The authors measured perceived social support among patients and their families as a predictor of retention in an inpatient addiction rehabilitation program. After detoxification from all substances of abuse, 66 sequentially admitted inpatients gave demographic and diagnostic information and completed scales of perceived social support from the program and their own families. Scales were completed at 7, 14, and 21 days. A total of 46 subjects completed the 21-day program, and 20 did not. Homeless status, initial weak perceived social support from family, and a relatively shorter history of crack-cocaine use were correlated with completion of the program. Patients with stronger connections to shelter and family were less likely to complete an inpatient addiction rehabilitation program. Patients who reported more years of crack-cocaine use were also less likely to complete the program. The authors discuss implications for treatment
— id: 12331, year: 1997, vol: 6, page: 144, stat: Journal Article,

Training psychiatric residents in addiction
Westreich, Laurence; Galanter, Marc
1997 ;18(1):13-25 Mar, Substance abuse
Reviews substance abuse training in psychiatric residency education in an attempt to highlight the importance of training psychiatric residents in addiction. This paper is intended for faculty members responsible for teaching addiction psychiatry to residents. Education of psychiatrists in addiction is reviewed, and the relevant issues and societal pressures are identified. Topics and suggested educational strategies are presented for teaching psychiatric residents about the pathology and treatments associated with substance abuse. Sbstacles to addiction psychiatry training are addressed and conclusions are presented. Topics covered in this outline of a model curriculum include effective diagnosis, medical complications of substance abuse, the disease model, dual diagnosis, and treatment selection.
— id: 36843, year: 1997, vol: 18, page: 13, stat: Journal Article,

Treatment of perinatal cocaine addiction: use of the modified therapeutic community
Egelko S; Galanter M; Edwards H; Marinelli K
1996 May;22(2):185-202, American journal of drug & alcohol abuse
Treatment outcome was evaluated for perinatal cocaine addicts admitted to a hospital-based day treatment clinic, organized as a modified therapeutic community (TC) modality. The perinatal program consisted of a specialized track for women embedded within this larger coed day treatment clinic. A total of 87 perinatal women (28 pregnant at intake, the remaining 59 postpartum) were compared with cohorts of nonperinatal women (N = 63) and men (N = 158) admitted during the period of evaluation (September 1989 through December 1993). In logistic regression analysis, successful discharge urine status (last three urines prior to discharge drug-free) was associated with current child custody involvement (odds ratio = 2.80, 95% C.I. = 1.16-6.72), entering treatment when not postpartum (odds ratio = 0.15, 95% C.I. = 0.05-0.42), and taking psychiatric medication (odds ratio = 2.04, 95% C.I. = 1.11-3.72). Both pregnant and postpartum perinatal women showed a similar pattern of shorter treatment as compared with nonperinatal women and male clients, averaging 2 months of treatment as compared with 4 months for nonperinatal clients. Factoring out pregnancy and postpartum status, the women in treatment fared as well as men with respect to both retention and discharge urine standings. This finding indicates that programmatic modifications need to address specific perinatal issues and not gender issues per se. Also, a differential pattern in discharge urine status of women who enter treatment while pregnant vs. those who enter when postpartum suggests that outreach and recruitment be targeted, but not limited, to pregnant women
— id: 7068, year: 1996, vol: 22, page: 185, stat: Journal Article,

Consultation-liaison psychiatry database (1996 Update). Substance abuse
Galanter M
1996 Sept;18(5):370-371, General hospital psychiatry
— id: 36974, year: 1996, vol: 18, page: 370, stat: Journal Article,

Network therapy
Galanter M
Synopsis of Treatments of psychiatric disorders Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Press, 1996,
— id: 3075, year: 1996, vol: , page: 358, stat: Chapter,

Can cocaine addicts with severe mental illness be treated along with singly diagnosed addicts?
Galanter M; Egelko S; Edwards H; Katz S
1996 Nov;22(4):497-507, American journal of drug & alcohol abuse
Large numbers of indigent cocaine abusers now present in center-city hospitals. Since many are also diagnosed for severe mental illness, options for their effective treatment are needed. The authors investigated the feasibility of treating these dually diagnosed patients along with the majority of abusers who were not severely impaired in a program that combines peerled treatment with psychiatric management and pharmacotherapy. Although group confrontation techniques were used, schizophrenics (N = 71) and patients with major depressive disorder (N = 50) experienced an outcome as good or better than the less impaired (N = 177) on retention, visit rates, and urinalysis results
— id: 12500, year: 1996, vol: 22, page: 497, stat: Journal Article,

Cults and charismatic group psychology
Galanter, Marc
Religion and the clinical practice of psychology Washington DC : APA, 1996,
(from the introduction) presents an overview of the social psychology of charismatic groups / finds that alternative religious groups, 'cults,' and popular self-help movements can be understood through an appraisal of group psychological dynamics, with special attention paid to the process of recruitment, conversion, and group cohesion / suggests that charismatic groups appeal to individuals who are alienated from sources of internal and external significance and often suffer from psychological difficulties and, at times, psychiatric illness / offers data that suggest that affiliation with a charismatic group may offer psychological resources that lead to improvements in psychosocial functioning / presents . . . the potentially adaptive and maladaptive aspects of such involvement / considers the issue of mind control and offers distinctions between brain-washing and noncoercive group dynamics (from the chapter) because the term 'cult' typically connotes a deviant religious orientation and is often used pejoratively, [the author uses] the term 'charismatic group' / this allows for consideration of a variety of political and nonreligious movements, in addition to the religious groups that use group psychology typically seen in religious cults / examine circumstances of membership in the group and then review the underlying psychology that maintains participation in these charismatic groups / [discuss] the psychiatric concomitants of such group affiliation / provide 3 case examples
— id: 3033, year: 1996, vol: , page: 269, stat: Chapter,

Medical student and patient attitudes toward religion and spirituality in the recovery process
Goldfarb LM; Galanter M; McDowell D; Lifshutz H; Dermatis H
1996 Nov;22(4):549-561, American journal of drug & alcohol abuse
This study compares the views on spirituality of dually diagnosed patients (diagnosed with both substance abuse and general psychiatric disorders) and medical students in order to investigate their respective orientations toward spirituality and their views of the importance of spirituality in the treatment of addiction. We administered a modified version of Feagin's 'Orientation to Life and God Scale' to assess religious and spiritual orientation in both the patients and students. A second series of items was developed and administered in order to compare the patients' and students' perceptions of the relative importance of a religious and spiritual orientation in substance abuse treatment. A third series of items was also given to compare the nature of religious and health-related services on the inpatient unit that patients and students most wanted to see improved. We found that the medical students responsible for treating substance abuse are significantly less religiously and spirituality oriented than the patients they treat, and that the students do not indicate that spirituality is an important component in the care of these patients. It may be clinically relevant to train medical students in the potential importance of spirituality in addiction treatment so that they can incorporate spirituality into the treatment of addictions
— id: 12499, year: 1996, vol: 22, page: 549, stat: Journal Article,

Substance abuse related disorders (Section 4)
Kleber HD; Galanter M
Synopsis of Treatments of psychiatric disorders Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Press, 1996,
— id: 3076, year: 1996, vol: , page: 283, stat: Chapter,

Spirituality and the treatment of the dually diagnosed: an investigation of patient and staff attitudes
McDowell D; Galanter M; Goldfarb L; Lifshutz H
1996 ;15(2):55-68, Journal of addictive diseases
Spirituality is a neglected area of study and research in the treatment of addictions. The role of spirituality in the treatment of the dually diagnosed has received particularly scant attention. One hundred and one patients on an in-patient dual-diagnosis unit, as well as the 31 members of the nursing staff who treat them were surveyed. Patients and staff were questioned about their spiritual beliefs and what was the role of spirituality in the patients' recovery from addiction. Staff were questioned about their own spirituality and what they think the patients' level of spirituality is. In addition the staff were asked what they think the patients' view of spiritually is. Results indicate that the patients and staff are equally spiritually oriented. The patients view spirituality as essential to their recovery and value spiritual programming in their treatment more than some concrete items. The nursing staff underestimated both the patients' level of spirituality and this importance placed on spiritual issues. The authors suggest that more attention should be given by staff to spirituality in the treatment of this population
— id: 36772, year: 1996, vol: 15, page: 55, stat: Journal Article,

Shelter-based treatment of the homeless alcoholic
Miescher A; Galanter M
1996 Mar-Apr;13(2):135-140, Journal of substance abuse treatment
We describe a model for integrating municipal shelter and hospital-based alcoholism outpatient treatment services for the homeless alcoholic, and report on its outcome at 12 months. The experimental program was designed to increase homeless patient's length of stay in treatment and was based on integrating clinic services for homeless men at Bellevue Hospital in New York with an abstinence oriented dormitory, the 'Clean and Sober' Unit in a municipal shelter. The study sample consists of 189 consecutive male admissions to an intensive outpatient alcoholism treatment program in the Bellevue hospital. The patients' outcome was assessed in relation to their place of residence divided in three groups: the experimental group counts 100 men housed in the Clean and Sober Unit. The two contrast groups counted 34 residents of various unaffiliated shelters and 55 domiciled men with independent living arrangements. The three subject groups did not differ significantly on demographic or clinical characteristics. After 12 months, residents in unaffiliated shelters were significantly less likely to be retained than the domiciled patients and showed a trend towards less retention than the experimental group
— id: 12636, year: 1996, vol: 13, page: 135, stat: Journal Article,

The MICA therapeutic community: challenges for residents and staff
Silberstein CH; Mierlak D; Galanter M
1996 Winter;67(4):263-272, Psychiatric quarterly
Therapeutic communities (TCs) are residential self-help programs for recovering addicts. Traditional TCs are staffed by recovered addicts. Recently the TC model has been modified for the treatment of chemical abusers with severe mental illness. These programs are to varying degrees staffed by mental health professionals. Furthermore, they are often housed in institutions whose model for care is based on service to patients rather than self-help. There are inherent conflicts in the modified TC which is a hybrid of these two treatment approaches. This paper explores issues related to the roles of patients, mental health professionals, and the parent institution in the TC modified for the treatment of the mentally ill chemical abuser
— id: 56993, year: 1996, vol: 67, page: 263, stat: Journal Article,

A modified therapeutic community for the dually diagnosed. Greenhouse Program at Bellevue Hospital
Westreich L; Galanter M; Lifshutz H; Metzger EJ; Silberstein C
1996 Nov-Dec;13(6):533-536, Journal of substance abuse treatment
Techniques used in therapeutic communities may be applicable to patients dually diagnosed with mental illness and a psychoactive substance use disorder (PSUD). This study was designed to evaluate the demographics, course, and outcome for 100 patients treated in one such residential program. One hundred indigent male patients admitted to a drug-free therapeutic community for the dually diagnosed were studied on admission and over the course of their treatment, and subjects were monitored throughout their stays on the basis of observed urine toxicology tests and a clinical assessment of drug or alcohol use. The mean age of the patients was 33.8 years, and the average length of stay was 121.0 days. Thirty-three of the patients completed the full 6-month program and moved on to another stable living environment. Only 12 patients had urine toxicologies positive for illicit drugs or alcohol while in the program. These findings support the possibility of applying the residential drug-free therapeutic community to dually diagnosed patients
— id: 7279, year: 1996, vol: 13, page: 533, stat: Journal Article,

Concurrent cocaine withdrawal is associated with reduced severity of alcohol withdrawal
Castaneda R; Lifshutz H; Westreich L; Galanter M
1995 Nov-Dec;36(6):441-447, Comprehensive psychiatry
The purpose of this study was to implement an empirical assessment of the clinical response to standard alcohol detoxification during withdrawal from both alcohol and cocaine. One hundred forty-nine males consecutively admitted in acute alcohol withdrawal to a hospital-based detoxification unit were studied. All subjects completed a 4-day chlordiazepoxide detoxification. Patients who used drugs other than cocaine were excluded. Fifty-five subjects withdrawing only from alcohol and 94 subjects withdrawing from both alcohol and cocaine, as evidenced by positive urinalysis and history, were studied. Both groups reported similar amounts of daily alcohol intake and had a similar age of onset of alcohol dependence. Parental alcoholism was equally frequent in both groups. Statistically, several variables were directly related to severity of alcohol withdrawal, including associated cocaine abuse, age, abnormal laboratory values, and duration of homelessness. As measured by the Alcohol Withdrawal Scale (AWS), alcohol withdrawal was less severe among cocaine users, not only at intake but throughout the 4-day detoxification. Singly addicted alcoholics were older and had longer drinking histories, more prior detoxifications, and more abnormal laboratory values than cocaine users. A multiple regression analysis demonstrated a significant relationship between cocaine and severity of alcohol withdrawal. Cocaine users more frequently requested reductions in chlordiazepoxide dosages than singly addicted alcoholics, complaining of dysphoria, sedation, and weakness. The severity of alcohol withdrawal was associated with recent cocaine use, age, laboratory abnormalities, and duration of homelessness. Concurrent cocaine withdrawal in the sample was associated with reduced severity of alcohol withdrawal. Possible neurobiological mechanisms, as well as study limitations affecting interpretation of the findings, are discussed. Tailored detoxification as opposed to standard detoxification regimens may be more appropriate for the clinical management of combined alcohol-cocaine withdrawal
— id: 56746, year: 1995, vol: 36, page: 441, stat: Journal Article,

Combining behavioral and self-help approaches in the inpatient management of dually diagnosed patients
Franco H; Galanter M; Castaneda R; Patterson J
1995 May-Jun;12(3):227-232, Journal of substance abuse treatment
The combination of a token economy and a self-help model made it feasible to organize and maintain an intensive dual-diagnosis treatment program in a public municipal hospital acute psychiatric ward. The program described here, which integrates the token economy and 12-step approaches, fosters voluntary and active patient participation in the process of simultaneous recovery from mental illness and addiction; it also networks the patient with community resources. Implementation of the clinical program involved addressing multiple clinical and organizational obstacles, including a multihandicapped and often nonmotivated patient population, a lack of psychiatric staff trained in managing substance abuse, and the need to integrate mental health with substance abuse clinical interventions. The program has been operating more than 5 years and has treated more than 1,000 patients. As the token economy became an integral part of the ward routine, violence on the ward declined substantially, and patient participation in group activities increased significantly
— id: 36773, year: 1995, vol: 12, page: 227, stat: Journal Article,

Network therapy
Galanter M
Treatments of psychiatric disorders Washington DC : American Psychiatric Press, 1995,
— id: 3065, year: 1995, vol: , page: 824, stat: Chapter,

Postgraduate medical education in substance abuse : an international perspective on dissemination of treatment research
Galanter M
1995 ;16:61-75, Substance abuse
— id: 36977, year: 1995, vol: 16, page: 61, stat: Journal Article,

Network therapy
Galanter, Marc
Psychotherapy and substance abuse: A practitioner's handbook New York : Guilford Press, 1995,
(from the chapter) describes how family and friends can be engaged concomitant with individual therapy and 12-Step involvement to treat [drug] addiction in a focused therapeutic approach / a group of people close to the patient can provide effective support for rehabilitation of addictive illness in 'network therapy' / network members are part of the therapist's working 'team' and not subjects of treatment themselves / the goal of this approach is the prompt achievement of abstinence with relapse prevention and the development of a drug-free adaptation
— id: 3034, year: 1995, vol: , page: 357, stat: Chapter,

The impact on behavior of notifying methadone patients of their HIV serostatus
Katz SM; Galanter M; Lifshutz H; Maslansky R
1995 Feb;21(1):37-45, American journal of drug & alcohol abuse
Questions have arisen about the implications of notifying drug abusers of their HIV serostatus. One major concern is that awareness of HIV infection would have a negative impact on abstinence from drug abuse. In order to ascertain the effects of serostatus notification, the authors reviewed the clinical records of 73 methadone patients who learned of their serostatus within 20 weeks after enrolling in the clinic and thereafter remained in treatment for at least 1 year. They found that, at serostatus notification, seropositive patients were more likely to be socially disadvantaged and were younger than the seronegatives at first opiate use. After serostatus notification, seropositives had more 'fair hearings' for noncompliance with program norms and used more cocaine. Although the patients notified of HIV infection may have more behavioral problems, further research is needed to determine whether or not this reflects antecedent behavior patterns and drug use
— id: 12808, year: 1995, vol: 21, page: 37, stat: Journal Article,

Substance-related disorders
Kleber, Herbert D. (Ed); Galanter, Marc (Ed)
Treatments of psychiatric disorders Washington DC : APA, 1995,
— id: 3035, year: 1995, vol: , page: 633, stat: Chapter,

The use of contingency contracting to improve outcome in methadone maintenance
Leal, Jorge; Galanter, Marc
1995 ;16(3):155-167 Sep, Substance abuse
Methadone programs today are faced with high rates of illicit drug use and patient attrition. Attempts to reduce illicit drug use and improve compliance have included the use of contingency contracting systems. Contingency contracting relies on the use of rewarding or aversive incentives to alter noncompliant behaviors. Their use has led to improvements in retention and compliance for a subgroup of otherwise noncompliant methadone maintenance program patients. Practical considerations in the implementation of contingency contracts, observations of their time-limited effects, and the need for more potent and efficacious incentives have become issues needing further research. (journal abstract)
— id: 36845, year: 1995, vol: 16, page: 155, stat: Journal Article,

Community based heroin addicts who turn to experimental treatment rather than conventional care
Michaels J; Galanter M; Resnick R; Marmor M; Lifshutz H; Perrone R
1995 ;14(2):33-42, Journal of addictive diseases
In this paper we report on a community based sample of heroin addicts not in addiction treatment who responded to the offer of experimental treatment (buprenorphine) for heroin addition. Comparison to a sample of methadone maintenance clients from the same geographic area reveals that on average the community sample began heroin use later, attained a higher level of education, and were most likely to have had a significant cohabitation relationship. The methadone maintenance sample, on the other hand, reported significantly greater regular use of drugs of abuse other than heroin. Each group may represent a different subgroup drawn from the heterogeneous heroin-addicted population. Implications for improved recruitment into treatment and enhanced treatment design are drawn from these findings
— id: 6936, year: 1995, vol: 14, page: 33, stat: Journal Article,

Trends in dual-diagnosis patients
Stockfisch, Robert; Galanter, Marc; Lifshutz, Harold
1995 ;4(4):356-357 Fal, American journal on addictions
Compared 101 patients with a substance abuse diagnosis admitted in 1994 with 100 patients admitted in 1988 to examine changes in comorbidity of substance abuse and mental disorders at a teaching hospital. The 1994 group was older. The proportion of Ss abusing marijuana, opiates and cocaine during the 24 hrs before admission had increased. There was a decrease in the number of Ss who identified their most serious substance abuse problem to be with cocaine, alcohol, crack cocaine and opiates. An increasing number of Ss had used self-help groups, outpatient clinics for drug treatment and private therapists for substance abuse treatment. Relatively little change in clinical and demographic parameters was found.
— id: 36846, year: 1995, vol: 4, page: 356, stat: Journal Article,

Empirical assessment of the self-medication hypothesis among dually diagnosed inpatients
Castaneda R; Lifshutz H; Galanter M; Franco H
1994 May-Jun;35(3):180-184, Comprehensive psychiatry
The aim of this study was to empirically determine the expected effects of drugs of abuse on the psychiatric symptoms of individuals dependent on alcohol and other drugs to assess the validity of the self-medication hypothesis, defined as motivation of patients to seek a specific drug for relief of a particular set of symptoms. Eight-three inpatients in a large metropolitan hospital with an axis I diagnosis of one drug dependence and an axis II diagnosis of personality disorder completed the Hopkins Symptom Checklist-Revised (HSCL-90-R) and the Neuropsychological Impairment Scale (NIS). They also reported the effect of their drug of choice on each of the symptoms included in both tests. Heroin addicts reported that heroin improved some of their psychiatric symptoms and all of their cognitive dysfunctions. Both cocaine and alcohol users reported that their drug of choice worsened their psychiatric and cognitive symptoms. No relationship was found between frequency or severity of symptoms and drug choice. We concluded that attempts at self-medication may have occurred among heroin addicts, but were unlikely among alcoholics and cocaine addicts. We found no evidence in support of the self-medication hypothesis as a necessary reinforcer of continued drug use
— id: 57302, year: 1994, vol: 35, page: 180, stat: Journal Article,

Alcoholism, semantics, and social history
Galanter M
1994 ;89(5):521-522, Addiction
Suggests, in response to the work of H. A. Mulford (see PA, Vol 82:2178), that it is the social history of attitudes toward intoxication that has cast the dice of how alcoholics are dealt with.
— id: 8162, year: 1994, vol: 89, page: 521, stat: Journal Article,

Foreword
Galanter M
Adolescent substance abuse : a comprehensive guide to theory and practice New York : Plenum Medical Book Co, 1994,
— id: 3074, year: 1994, vol: , page: v, stat: Chapter,

Network therapy for the office practitioner
Galanter M
The American Psychiatric Press textbook of substance abuse treatment Washington DC : American Psychiatric Press, 1994,
— id: 2979, year: 1994, vol: , page: 253, stat: Chapter,

Psychotherapy can help alcoholics
Galanter M
Alcoholism San Diego CA : Greenhaven Press, 1994,
— id: 3077, year: 1994, vol: , page: 202, stat: Chapter,

A treatment system for combined psychiatric and addictive illness
Galanter M; Egelko S; Edwards H; Vergaray M
1994 Oct;89(10):1227-1235, Addiction
Patients with combined general psychiatric and addictive disorders are a major public health problem in the US, and are being increasingly recognized as such world-wide. The authors describe a model treatment system for such patients in one municipal hospital in New York. It is composed of three complementary units: a locked ward, a halfway house and a day program. Treatment is based on a peer leadership approach coupled with professional treatment, and provides multiple levels of care to address the needs of respective patients. Of 464 admissions evaluated and treated, most were from disadvantaged minorities, homeless and abusers of cocaine. All were admitted with acute psychiatric or perinatal presentations, and carried Axis I diagnoses in addition to their substance abuse. Clinical experience over 6 years is reviewed, suggesting the feasibility of reorganizing general hospital psychiatric services to address the needs of the dually diagnosed
— id: 56638, year: 1994, vol: 89, page: 1227, stat: Journal Article,

Position statement on the need for improved training for treatment of patients with combined substance abuse and other psychiatric disorders
Galanter M; Peyser H; Walker DW; et al
1994 ;151:795-796, American journal of psychiatry
— id: 36866, year: 1994, vol: 151, page: 795, stat: Journal Article,

The American Psychiatric Press textbook of substance abuse treatment
Galanter, Marc; Kleber, Herbert D
Washington, DC : American Psychiatric Press, c1994,
— id: 496, year: 1994, vol: , page: , stat: ,

HIV-1 among inner city dually diagnosed inpatients
Silberstein C; Galanter M; Marmor M; Lifshutz H; Krasinski K; Franco H
1994 ;20(1):101-113, American journal of drug & alcohol abuse
The objectives of this study were to investigate HIV-1 seroprevalence and risk factors, disease progression, and awareness of HIV-1 serostatus in a population of inner city, substance using, psychiatric inpatients. To pursue these goals, we tested 118 (103 M, 15 F) dually diagnosed, acute care inpatients for HIV-1 antibodies and administered structured interviews. Twenty-seven (23%, including 24 M and 3 F) of the subjects were HIV-1 seropositive. Seropositivity was twice as great among intravenous drug users and men who had sex with other men as among patients not belonging to either of these two groups. Logistic regression analysis among male subjects revealed a significantly elevated HIV-1 risk associated with a primary diagnosis of depression (odds ratio adjusted for age, race, and presence of an AIDS risk behavior = 4.2, 95% confidence interval = 1.1, 16.5; p = 0.04). Less than half of the seropositives knew their HIV-1 status prior to this study, one had AIDS and four had two or more constitutional symptoms of AIDS. The high rate of seropositivity in this indigent, dually diagnosed population presents challenges to the health-care community. That few individuals had HIV-1 related symptoms may have implications for other treatment settings
— id: 9098, year: 1994, vol: 20, page: 101, stat: Journal Article,

Drug use and psychiatric hospitalization among homeless patients
Szczucki D; Galanter M; Lifshutz H; Hoven C; et al
1994 ;3(2):115-121, American journal on addictions
Reports on a retrospective pilot study that compared the housing, substance abuse, and psychiatric histories to assess correlates of psychiatric hospitalization in 3 cohorts of homeless men: 53 currently hospitalized (CH), 87 previously hospitalized (PH), and 500 never hospitalized. The CH and PH cohorts more often reported a history of illicit drug use. The findings suggest that a history of illicit drug use is associated with a higher risk of psychiatric hospitalization.
— id: 8164, year: 1994, vol: 3, page: 115, stat: Journal Article,

Age at onset of alcoholism as a predictor of homelessness and drinking severity
Castaneda R; Lifshutz H; Galanter M; Franco H
1993 ;12(1):65-77, Journal of addictive diseases
The relationships between drinking history, housing history, several clinical variables and treatment retention after detoxification were evaluated in 109 inner-city alcoholics. Compared to men with a fixed abode, homeless subjects (N = 50) reported a history of alcoholism of early onset and increased severity. No differences in aftercare retention were found between homeless and non-homeless subjects
— id: 13317, year: 1993, vol: 12, page: 65, stat: Journal Article,

Introducing cognitive-behavioral training into a self-help drug treatment program
Egelko, Susan; Galanter, Marc
1993 ;30(2):214-221 Sum, Psychotherapy
Describes the mechanics of introducing cognitive-behavioral training into a self-help drug treatment program. Issues that emerged in developing such a paradigm in an outpatient clinic treatment program for cocaine users included incorporating coping techniques into a therapeutic community (TC) milieu, professional leadership vs self-help, and theoretical incompatibilities between 12-step programs and psychological models emphasizing self-control. Although cognitive-behavioral training shares the TC emphasis on self-help, a systematic approach was needed for it to achieve acceptance within the intense cohesiveness of the TC. Examples of applicable behavioral skills training included overcoming social anxieties, dealing with nonverbal experience, and anger management.
— id: 36848, year: 1993, vol: 30, page: 214, stat: Journal Article,

Developmental risk factors in postpartum women with urine tests positive for cocaine
Fritz P; Galanter M; Lifshutz H; Egelko S
1993 ;19(2):187-197, American journal of drug & alcohol abuse
The aim of the study was to ascertain whether there was a difference in developmental experiences between two groups of inner city postpartum patients, those who used cocaine during pregnancy and those who did not. A retrospective structured interview was administered to 80 postpartum women examining demographic characteristics, adaptive function, drug use patterns, and selected risk factors for adult substance abuse encountered before age 16. The sample was divided into two cohorts of women: 40 women identified by urine tests of their babies as using cocaine shortly before delivery and a comparison group of 40 women not identified by positive urines. Comparisons between the two cohorts revealed that the cocaine identified women had significantly higher overall past and present use of a broad range of drugs, particularly crack and other forms of cocaine, as well as lower levels of general adaptive functioning despite the fact that they were demographically comparable. When compared to the nonusers, they displayed markedly elevated scores on measures of developmental risk factors for adult substance use. This study highlights the importance of early developmental risk factors on later drug use during pregnancy and general adult adaptive functioning. Further study and intervention targeted at persons with these risk factors are warranted
— id: 13337, year: 1993, vol: 19, page: 187, stat: Journal Article,

Network therapy for alcohol and drug abuse
Galanter M
New York, NY : Guilford Press., 1993,
— id: 1132, year: 1993, vol: , page: , stat: ,

Fellowships in addiction psychiatry: How bright is their future?
Galanter M
1993 ;2(1):1-3, American journal on addictions
Describes the current status of medical fellowships in addiction psychiatry. The forces supporting fellowship expansion and the issues materially hindering fellowship expansion are discussed. Although there is broad recognition of the need for physicians to gain specialized training in treating addicted patients, countervailing forces remain strong.
— id: 8157, year: 1993, vol: 2, page: 1, stat: Journal Article,

Network therapy for addiction: a model for office practice [see comments]
Galanter M
1993 Jan;150(1):28-36, American journal of psychiatry
Individual therapists in office practice are often considered to have limited effectiveness in treating alcohol and drug dependence. In this article the author describes network therapy, an approach developed to assure greater success in such treatment. It uses psychodynamic and behavioral therapy while engaging the patient in a support network composed of family members and peers. A cognitive-behavioral model of addiction, based on the role of conditioned withdrawal in relapse, is described. Related techniques for securing abstinence are then reviewed; they augment individual psychotherapy to help patients avoid relapse caused by the affective and environmental cues that precipitate drug seeking. The role of social cohesiveness as a vehicle for engaging patients in treatment is outlined next, along with a related technique for enhancing an addicted patient's commitment to the therapy. This is done by using the patient's family and peers as a therapeutic network to join the patient at intervals in therapy sessions. The network is managed by the therapist to provide cohesiveness and support, undermine denial, and promote compliance with treatment. The author presents applications of the network technique designed to sustain abstinence and describes means of stabilizing members' involvement. Applications of network therapy to ambulatory detoxification, disulfiram and naltrexone administration, relapse prevention, and contingency contracting are reviewed
— id: 13306, year: 1993, vol: 150, page: 28, stat: Journal Article,

Psychological treatment of alcoholism: network therapy
Galanter M
1993 ;1:51-69, International review of psychiatry (Washington DC)
— id: 36975, year: 1993, vol: 1, page: 51, stat: Journal Article,

The continuing evolution and update of a literature search schema for consultation-liaison psychiatry: MICRO-CARES literature search system 1993. Substance abuse
Galanter M
1993 Dec;15(6 Suppl):67S-67S, General hospital psychiatry
— id: 36973, year: 1993, vol: 15, page: 67S, stat: Journal Article,

The status of fellowships in addiction psychiatry
Galanter M; Burns JA
1993 ;2(1):4-8, American journal on addictions
Assessed the status of fellowship programs in addiction psychiatry. Surveys were sent to all fellowship programs that reported to the Center for Medical Fellowships in Alcoholism and Drug Abuse at New York University from 1987 to 1991, to residency training program directors in psychiatry, and to medical education personnel in addiction institutions in the US and Canada. The survey revealed a considerable increase in the number of established addiction fellowship programs, from 27 in 1987 to 48 in 1990-2991. Data for analysis were available for all but 1 of these programs. Clinical, or patient care work, was by far the most commonly reported activity. Data on residency program affiliation, the prior training of applicants, and salary range are also presented. Findings are compatible with the considerable growth of medical training in addictions in recent years, particularly in departments of psychiatry (M. Galanter et al; see PA, Vol 76:20366).
— id: 8156, year: 1993, vol: 2, page: 4, stat: Journal Article,

A general hospital day program combining peer-led and professional treatment of cocaine abusers
Galanter M; Egelko S; De Leon G; Rohrs C
1993 Jul;44(7):644-649, Hospital & community psychiatry
OBJECTIVE: Cocaine abuse, particularly in crack form, is highly prevalent among patients with severe socioeconomic disadvantages who are treated in municipal general hospitals. The authors describe and evaluate a day treatment program for 30 such patients that combines peer-led self-help and professional care provided by a general hospital psychiatric service. METHODS: Treatment outcomes at one year for 92 patients referred to the day program from the hospital's psychiatric services and 58 perinatal patients referred from the obstetric services were examined using chi square and regression analyses to determine whether certain variables, especially referral source, were related to outcome. An acceptable treatment outcome was defined as three successive negative urinalyses before termination or at the end of one year of treatment. RESULTS: Almost all the patients were unemployed members of ethnic minorities, and most abused at least one substance in addition to cocaine. The 150 patients attended the program an average of 44 times during the year, and 39 percent had an acceptable treatment outcome. Patients referred from psychiatric services had a better outcome than perinatal patients. CONCLUSIONS: Peer-led milieu treatment and professional services can be combined in the general hospital to provide intensive ambulatory care for socioeconomically disadvantaged substance abusers. Techniques and services for engaging perinatal patients in treatment should be developed
— id: 56528, year: 1993, vol: 44, page: 644, stat: Journal Article,

Rational recovery: alternative to AA for addiction?
Galanter M; Egelko S; Edwards H
1993 ;19(4):499-510, American journal of drug & alcohol abuse
Rational Recovery (RR) is a new self-help movement for substance abusers, with a cognitive orientation. It has been suggested as an alternative to Alcoholics Anonymous. This study was designed to examine the nature of RR and its impact on those who join. A national sample of 433 substance-abusing people attending 63 established RR groups was evaluated, using codable self-report questionnaires completed at RR meetings. Members were mostly men with college experience who had previously attended AA. Among recruits who attended their first RR meeting in the last month, 38% were abstinent in the last month. Among members who had joined 3 or more months before, 73% were abstinent in the last month; they had attended an average of 4.1 RR meetings in that month, and carried out exercises at home based on Rational Emotive Therapy. Among those who joined 6 or more months before, 58% reported at least 6 months of abstinence. Among members with a history of heavy cocaine use, the portion reporting abstinence in the last month was not significantly different from those who had never used cocaine. The minority of members who were engaged for 3 months were still drinking, though, and did so on an average of 9.9 days in the last month. RR succeeded in engaging substance abusers and promoting abstinence among many of them while presenting a cognitive orientation that is different from the spiritual one of AA. Its utility in substance abuse treatment warrants further assessment
— id: 6378, year: 1993, vol: 19, page: 499, stat: Journal Article,

Network therapy for alcohol and drug abuse : a new approach in practice
Galanter, Marc
New York : BasicBooks, c1993,
(from the jacket) In this book, Marc Galanter outlines an innovative approach to office-based [drug] addiction treatment in which the therapist assembles a support network of family members and friends to meet with the patient and therapist at regular intervals. The bonds of social cohesion in the network aid the patient in overcoming denial, achieving abstinence, and avoiding relapse. The network approach thereby provides a remarkably effective vehicle for bringing substance abusers into treatment and helping them achieve recovery. This is also the first approach to the treatment of substance abuse that integrates individual psychotherapy with support from family and friends. It employs contemporary approaches like relapse prevention, and helps introduce patients to Alcoholics Anonymous. Dr. Galanter defines how treatment is implemented and then illustrates his technique with many case studies. He provides a full explanation of what addiction is, from both a psychological and a pharmacological perspective. The book demonstrates that addicted people can be treated effectively with this combination of individual therapy, self-help, and peer support.
— id: 491, year: 1993, vol: , page: , stat: ,

Network therapy for substance abuse: A clinical trial
Galanter, Marc
1993 ;30(2):251-258 Sum, Psychotherapy
Describes an effective treatment for addicted patients in office practice. In network therapy, the therapist draws on family and peer support in the office setting to secure abstinence and aid in relapse prevention. This approach complements individual therapy and can draw on self-help groups and other modalities as well. Assessment of a series of 60 patients treated for alcohol and drug dependence demonstrates the mode of operation and the outcome of this approach. 46 experienced major or full improvement, and those using disulfiram under observation of a network member showed the best outcome.
— id: 36847, year: 1993, vol: 30, page: 251, stat: Journal Article,

Ten years of progress
Galanter, Marc; Begleiter, Henri
New York : Plenum Press, c1993,
— id: 463, year: 1993, vol: , page: , stat: ,

Inpatient treatment for the dually diagnosed: A peer-led model for acute and intermediate care
Galanter, Marc; Franco, Hugo; Kim, Anthony; Metzger, Elizabeth Jamner; De Leon, George
Dual diagnosis: Evaluation, treatment, training, and program development New York : Plenum Medical Book Co., 1993,
(from the chapter) describe a format for the treatment of combined psychiatric and addictive disorders on inpatient units that employs a combination of professional psychiatric and peer-led techniques / the mental health professional approach based on the medical model is needed to address general psychiatric disorders, and the peer-led approach is valuable in treating addictive disorders, as well as acute psychiatric disorders / two specific programs will be presented using this model, an acute psychiatric inpatient unit and a halfway house
— id: 3036, year: 1993, vol: , page: 171, stat: Chapter,

Women at high risk of HIV infection from drug use
Wallace ME; Galanter M; Lifshutz H; Krasinski K
1993 ;12(2):77-86, Journal of addictive diseases
The purpose of this project was to study women at high risk for contracting AIDS from intravenous drug use or from sexual contact with addicts. Characteristics of the population, differences between HIV+ and HIV- women, substance abuse in primary caretakers of this high risk population, and changes in drug use when learning of HIV status were investigated. Subjects were mothers at high risk for contracting HIV, whose children were referred to a pediatric AIDS clinic of a large urban hospital because of AIDS risk factors. HIV testing revealed that 27 women were HIV+ and 13 were HIV-. The most common source of infection reported by the HIV+ women was sexual contact (17 subjects), with the remainder reporting that they were unsure of the source or reported intravenous drug use as their source of infection. There were significant differences between HIV+ and HIV- mothers with regard to the presence and impact of substance abuse in their own primary caretakers before age 16. Substance abuse in the parents of subjects was apparently reflected in behaviors reflecting health risk in subsequent generations. Subjects did not report changes in AIDS risk behavior when informed of their own HIV status or that of their children
— id: 13288, year: 1993, vol: 12, page: 77, stat: Journal Article,

Treatment compliance after detoxification among highly disadvantaged alcoholics
Castaneda R; Lifshutz H; Galanter M; Medalia A; Franco H
1992 ;18(2):223-234, American journal of drug & alcohol abuse
An outcome study was carried out on a series of 109 highly disadvantaged alcoholics discharged from the detoxification unit of a large municipal hospital in New York City. We examined the impact of a variety of clinical and demographic factors on retention in the initial phases of outpatient and inpatient treatment following discharge. Both high school completion and a history of at least 6 months of employment in the two years preceding admission correlated with frequency of registration for continued aftercare. Measurements of cognitive flexibility correlated with frequency of aftercare completion. An association strongly approaching significance was also found between length of hospital stay and aftercare completion. Some suggestions are made as to the assessment and aftercare planning for highly disadvantaged alcoholics
— id: 13799, year: 1992, vol: 18, page: 223, stat: Journal Article,

Office management of the substance absuer: the use of learning theory and social networks
Galanter M
Substance abuse : a comprehensive textbook Baltimore : Williams & Wilkins, 1992,
— id: 3064, year: 1992, vol: , page: 543, stat: Chapter,

Crack/cocaine abusers in the general hospital: assessment and initiation of care
Galanter M; Egelko S; De Leon G; Rohrs C; Franco H
1992 Jun;149(6):810-815, American journal of psychiatry
OBJECTIVE: Cocaine, either smoked (as 'crack') or taken intranasally, is now a common cause of psychiatric illness. This study was designed to assess the impact of cocaine abuse on a general psychiatric service and an obstetrics service in an urban general hospital and to evaluate a program for engaging affected patients in addiction treatment. METHOD: The charts of 300 general psychiatric patients (not admitted for addiction treatment) and 60 cocaine-abusing prenatal or postpartum patients were reviewed. A treatment referral program based on professionally directed peer leadership was established for patients with cocaine abuse. Results of evaluation and referral of 100 other cocaine-abusing psychiatric patients and the 60 prenatal or postpartum patients were then determined. RESULTS: Fully 64% (N = 191) of the 300 psychiatric patients were diagnosed as substance abusers; 38% (N = 113) of them abused cocaine. Almost one-third of these cocaine abusers had no axis I diagnosis other than substance abuse/dependence, and the majority were homeless. Urine samples were positive for cocaine in a majority of the obstetric patients studied. A majority of the psychiatric patients who were referred through the peer-led program enrolled in outpatient cocaine treatment--three times as many as in the chart review group. Most of the obstetric patients suitable for referral enrolled for treatment as well. CONCLUSIONS: Cocaine abuse may be responsible for a large portion of psychiatric admissions in urban public general hospitals. Cocaine abusers in psychiatric and obstetrics services are apparently responsive to a peer-oriented mode of referral into treatment
— id: 13575, year: 1992, vol: 149, page: 810, stat: Journal Article,

Addiction psychiatry: challenges for a new psychiatric subspecialty
Galanter M; Frances R
1992 Nov;43(11):1067-8, 1072, Hospital & community psychiatry
— id: 13368, year: 1992, vol: 43, page: 1067, stat: Journal Article,

"DRUG AND ALCOHOL-ABUSE - A CLINICAL GUIDE TO DIAGNOSIS AND TREATMENT, 3RD EDITION - SCHUCKIT,MA"
GALANTER, M
1992 JAN ;53(1):91-92, Journal of studies on alcolhol
— id: 52129, year: 1992, vol: 53, page: 91, stat: Journal Article,

Alcohol and cocaine : similarities and differences
Galanter, Marc; Begleiter, Henri
New York : Plenum Press, c1992,
— id: 448, year: 1992, vol: , page: , stat: ,

Crack cocaine use and sexual behavior among psychiatric inpatients
Kim A; Galanter M; Castaneda R; Lifshutz H; Franco H
1992 ;18(3):235-246, American journal of drug & alcohol abuse
Rises in both crack cocaine use and incidence of sexually transmitted diseases have been recently reported. In this study, we investigated the relationship between crack cocaine abuse and sexual behavior in 50 psychiatric inpatients. The relationship between crack use and sexual behavior is a very complicated one, influenced by many variables such as the dose of crack used, the user's preexisting sexuality, gender, and psychiatric illness. Results indicated that while most of the subjects developed sexual disinterest and dysfunction with prolonged crack cocaine use, some of them became more sexually promiscuous and consequently contracted more sexually transmitted diseases. The implications of these findings regarding transmission of HIV among crack cocaine users are discussed
— id: 13778, year: 1992, vol: 18, page: 235, stat: Journal Article,

Antecedents, severity of abuse, and response to treatment in substance-abusing schizophrenic individuals
Munsey, Douglas F; Galanter, Marc; Lifshutz, Harold; Franco, Hugo
1992 ;1(3):210-216 Sum, American journal on addictions
Assessed the characteristics of disadvantaged, dually diagnosed (concurrent schizophrenia and substance abuse) Ss, antecedents of their substance abuse, and their treatment outcome. 40 psychiatric inpatients with this dual diagnosis were evaluated. When daily users were compared with less frequent users, differences were found in measures of parental substance abuse. Frequency of drug use did not discriminate between the 2 groups on admission or discharge. However, treatment response, as measured by the Brief Psychiatric Rating Scale, improved significantly in both groups.
— id: 36849, year: 1992, vol: 1, page: 210, stat: Journal Article,

Buprenorphine: an alternative to methadone for heroin dependence treatment
Resnick RB; Galanter M; Pycha C; Cohen A; Grandison P; Flood N
1992 ;28(1):109-113, Psychopharmacology bulletin
Eighty-five heroin addicts who were unwilling to receive methadone maintenance or enter therapeutic communities were assessed, single-blind, for the lowest sublingual dose of buprenorphine that blocked heroin craving (8.0 mg max). All doses were administered daily under observation. After maintenance for 4 to 12 weeks, abstinent subjects (confirmed by urine drug screens) entered a double-blind discontinuation trial and were randomly assigned to receive dose reductions (10% twice weekly for 5 weeks to zero dose, then placebo for 2 weeks) or a stable dose for 7 weeks. Subjects were terminated from discontinuation if heroin was used or they had increased craving/symptoms. Subjects completed the trial if they did not use heroin and had no increase in craving/symptoms. A wide dose range (1.5-8.0 mg/day) was effective in reducing heroin craving and use. Of 73 subjects who received buprenorphine for 4 to 52 weeks, 40 had no prior treatment, despite high levels (mean $/day heroin = 70.5 +/- 94.7) and many years (mean years = 10.7 +/- 8.6) of dependence. Subjects who received dose reductions developed abstinence symptoms, low energy most commonly, associated with drug-seeking behavior. Discontinuation trial outcome (n = 51) shows a highly significant difference between 29 subjects who received dose reductions (28 terminated, 1 completed) and 22 subjects who received no dose reductions (3 terminated; 19 completed) (chi-square = 36.08; p less than .00001). The findings suggest that buprenorphine could be an important medication for reducing demand for heroin by many heroin addicts who remain outside the present health-care system.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 250 WORDS)
— id: 13741, year: 1992, vol: 28, page: 109, stat: Journal Article,

Effect of drugs of abuse on psychiatric symptoms among hospitalized schizophrenics
Castaneda R; Galanter M; Lifshutz H; Franco H
1991 Sep;17(3):313-320, American journal of drug & alcohol abuse
In a group of 71 inpatient schizophrenics with no other concurrent psychiatric diagnosis except for dependence on one drug, we ascertained the subjective effect their drug of abuse had on their psychiatric symptoms 2 weeks prior to hospitalization. Psychiatric symptoms were assessed by means of the Hopkins Symptom Checklist (Revised) (SCL-90R). Cocaine addicts, but not alcoholics, reported aggravation more often than improvement of symptoms. Alcoholics reported alcohol-induced symptom improvement with a similar frequency as alcohol-induced symptom aggravation
— id: 13910, year: 1991, vol: 17, page: 313, stat: Journal Article,

Sex differences in personality traits and coping styles of hospitalized alcoholics
Conte HR; Plutchik R; Picard S; Galanter M; Jacoby J
1991 Jan;52(1):26-32, Journal of studies on alcolhol
Forty inpatients on an alcohol detoxication unit of a large municipal hospital were administered a battery of tests consisting of a Coping Styles scale, a Personality Profile scale, a Depression scale and the Brief MAST. A demographically comparable comparison group of 40 outpatients attending the medical screening clinic at the same hospital also completed the battery. The two groups did not differ in terms of age, education or the ratio of men to women. There were significant differences in coping styles and personality characteristics between alcoholics and nonalcoholics and, to a large extent, between men and women within the alcoholic group. Practically no significant differences were found between the men in the two groups, but female alcoholics differed greatly from nonalcoholic women in terms of coping styles, personality variables and also in terms of conflict. These findings indicate that the differences between alcoholic and nonalcoholics in the sample were due largely to patterns uniquely characterizing the female alcoholic group. Results are discussed in terms of cultural expectations
— id: 36775, year: 1991, vol: 52, page: 26, stat: Journal Article,

Foreword
Galanter M
Substance abuse education in nursing: volume I: curriculum modules New York : National League for Nursing Press., 1991,
— id: 4186, year: 1991, vol: , page: xi, stat: Chapter,

Office practice in drug and alcoholo dependence
Galanter M
Comprehensive handbook of drug and alcohol addiction New York : Dekker, 1991,
— id: 3072, year: 1991, vol: , page: 1223, stat: Chapter,

The continuing evolution and update of a literature search schema for consultation-liaison psychiatry: 1991. Substance abuse
Galanter M
1991 September;13(5 Suppl):57-58, General hospital psychiatry
— id: 36972, year: 1991, vol: 13, page: 57, stat: Journal Article,

The prevalance of dual psychiatric and addictive diasgnoses
Galanter M; Castaneda R
Dual diagnosis in substance abuse New York : Dekker, 1991,
— id: 3073, year: 1991, vol: , page: 139, stat: Chapter,

Postgraduate medical fellowship training in alcoholism and drug abuse: national consensus standards
Galanter M; Kaufman E; Schnoll S; Burns J
1991 ;17(1):1-12, American journal of drug & alcohol abuse
This paper describes the historical background of the Consensus Standards for Postgraduate Medical Fellowships in Alcoholism and Drug Abuse, developed for the American Academy of Psychiatrists in Alcoholism and Addictions and the Association for Medical Education and Research in Substance Abuse. These standards were prepared by a National Advisory Committee of the Center for Medical Fellowships in Alcoholism and Drug Abuse, which includes 23 leading figures in academic medical training in the addiction field. The standards define general information, facilities and resources, the educational program, and the specific knowledge and skills appropriate to fellowship training. The standards were designed to provide a model for optimal training for residency affiliated fellowships to be used by faculty, trainees, and organizations setting training standards
— id: 14161, year: 1991, vol: 17, page: 1, stat: Journal Article,

Christian Psychiatry: the impact of evangelical belief on clinical practice [see comments]
Galanter M; Larson D; Rubenstone E
1991 Jan;148(1):90-95, American journal of psychiatry
OBJECTIVE: The authors surveyed psychiatrists in the Christian Psychiatry movement to assess the role of religious belief in their practices. METHOD: The psychiatrists were members of the Christian Medical and Dental Society; questionnaires were sent to 260, and usable responses were received from 193. The subjects were asked about demographic and practice variables, 'born again' religious experiences, group cohesion, and beliefs about using the Bible and prayer in treatment. RESULTS: The respondents were somewhat more religious than Americans overall, who are themselves more religious than most psychiatrists. Nearly all reported having been 'born again,' after which they generally experienced a decrease in emotional distress. There was a significant difference in the respondents' affiliative feelings toward psychiatrists in the Christian Psychiatry movement and other psychiatrists. For acute schizophrenic or manic episodes, the respondents considered psychotropic medication the most effective treatment, but they rated the Bible and prayer more highly for suicidal intent, grief reaction, sociopathy, and alcoholism. Whether or not a patient was 'committed to Christian beliefs' made a significant difference in whether the respondents would recommend prayer to the patient as treatment. About one-half said they would discourage strongly religious patients from an abortion, homosexual acts, or premarital sex, and about one-third said they would discourage other patients from these activities. CONCLUSIONS: Many studies have suggested a need for more sensitivity to religious issues by psychiatrists, and this study provides systematic findings on one approach. It remains important to evaluate ways in which a religious perspective can be related to clinical practice and what benefits and problems may derive from such a relationship
— id: 14178, year: 1991, vol: 148, page: 90, stat: Journal Article,

Children of Alcoholics
Galanter, Marc
New York : Plenum Press ; 1991,
— id: 449, year: 1991, vol: , page: , stat: ,

Group therapy and self-help groups
Galanter, Marc; Castaneda, Ricardo; Franco, Hugo
Clinical textbook of addictive disorders New York : Guilford Press, 1991,
(from the chapter) explore how the impact of group treatment is effected in a number of disparate settings / look at therapy groups directed specifically at the treatment of addiction; at Twelve-Step programs, such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) and Narcotics Anonymous (NA); and at institution-based self-help for substance abusers / the role of the clinician varies considerably in relation to each of these modalities; in each case, the mental health professional is provided with an unusual opportunity to step out of the traditional role of the psychodynamic therapist or the psychopharmacologist and examine the ways in which social influence is wrought through the group setting group therapy for alcoholism and drug abuse [how to refer a patient to group therapy, group treatment modalities, relationship of group therapy to individual treatment, other group treatment considerations, outcome studies] / the role of Twelve-Step groups in the treatment of alcoholism and drug abuse [history of self-help programs, origins and growth of Alcoholics Anonymous, history and approach of Narcotics Anonymous, how Twelve-Step programs work, why Twelve-Step programs work, self-help and treatment outcome, self-help groups and the clinician] / institutional self-help treatment groups for substance abuse [the orientation program, group therapy, peer therapy, outcome and comments]
— id: 3037, year: 1991, vol: , page: 431, stat: Chapter,

Group therapy, self-help groups, and network therapy
Galanter, Marc; Castaneda, Ricardo; Franco, Hugo
Clinical textbook of addictive disorders New York : Guilford Press, 1991,
(from the chapter) This chapter explores the impact of group treatment in a number of disparate settings. We look at therapy groups directed specifically at the treatment of addiction, at Twelve-Step programs such as Alcoholics Anonymous (AA), and Narcotics Anonymous (NA), and at institution-based self-help for substance abusers. The role of the clinicians varies considerably in relation to each of these modalities; in each case, the mental health professional is provided with an unusual opportunity to step out of the traditional role of the psychodynamic therapist or the psychopharmacologist and examine the ways in which social influence is wrought through the group setting.
— id: 2468, year: 1991, vol: , page: 521, stat: Chapter,

A survey of hospitals in New York State treating psychiatric patients with chemical abuse disorders
Haugland G; Siegel C; Alexander MJ; Galanter M
1991 Dec;42(12):1215-1220, Hospital & community psychiatry
Eighty-eight of 143 hospitals in New York State providing psychiatric inpatient treatment responded to a mailed questionnaire designed to determine the size of three subgroups of chemical abusers--alcohol abusers, drug abusers, and polychemical abusers--among inpatients with psychiatric diagnoses, as well as the availability of services for these patients. Data for New York City and its metropolitan area were analyzed separately. In 1987 almost one-third of psychiatric admissions both in and outside the metropolitan area had comorbid chemical abuse disorders. Seventy-five percent of patients in the metropolitan area with comorbid chemical abuse had a drug abuse disorder; in rural areas 88 percent of patients with chemical abuse disorders abused alcohol. Both hospital- and community-based aftercare services, especially in the metropolitan area, were less available to psychiatric patients with chemical abuse than to patients without these disorders
— id: 36774, year: 1991, vol: 42, page: 1215, stat: Journal Article,

Combined substance abuse and psychiatric disorders in homeless and domiciled patients
Herman M; Galanter M; Lifshutz H
1991 ;17(4):415-422, American journal of drug & alcohol abuse
Although homelessness in patients with combined addictive and psychiatric illness is a common problem, little has been reported about the epidemiology of homelessness in this patient population. The authors, in a study of 100 dually diagnosed patients admitted to a large metropolitan psychiatric hospital, found that a large portion of patients (N = 46) were homeless at the time of admission. Alcohol and crack/cocaine were the most frequently used drugs. Interestingly, there were no significant differences on most parameters between those who were homeless and those who were not. The authors observed that among the disadvantaged, inner-city dually diagnosed, many move in and out of the homeless state, seriously compromising their chances for recovery. Self-help treatment programs were more commonly used by homeless than domiciled patients. The homeless population may therefore be amenable to treatment in 12-step groups, as are domiciled patients
— id: 14223, year: 1991, vol: 17, page: 415, stat: Journal Article,

Substance abuse disorders: a psychiatric priority. Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry Committee on Alcoholism and the Addictions
Khantzian EJ; Bean-Bayog M; Blumenthal S; Frances R; Galanter M; et al.
1991 Oct;148(10):1291-1300, American journal of psychiatry
The renewed public, governmental, and professional interest in addictive disorders should serve to encourage the interest of psychiatrists in this important and rapidly changing field. It is the view of the Group for the Advancement of Psychiatry (GAP) Committee on Alcoholism and the Addictions that all psychiatrists should possess expertise in the recognition, assessment, and treatment of substance use disorders. This position paper by the GAP committee reviews the role of the psychiatrist in the evaluation and treatment of patients with substance use disorders. It also notes some of the obstacles to full involvement in this field by medical practitioners in general and psychiatrists in particular. The psychiatrist has a critical role to play in the diagnosis and treatment of patients with substance use disorders. As biopsychosocial phenomena, substance abuse problems constitute a special and direct challenge to the psychiatrist, whose training, perspective, and competence should span all three domains. Psychiatrists must be willing to accept this challenge and fully participate in the development and application of treatment strategies adequate to cope with the enormous human suffering resulting from the abuse of alcohol and other psychoactive drugs
— id: 111603, year: 1991, vol: 148, page: 1291, stat: Journal Article,

Buprenorphine responders: a diagnostic subgroup of heroin addicts?
Resnick RB; Resnick E; Galanter M
1991 ;15(4):531-538, Progress in neuro-psychopharmacology & biological psychiatry
1. A 26-32 month follow-up of 16 heroin-dependent subjects who entered a pilot trial of treatment with buprenorphine (a mixed agonist/antagonist) suggests that positive response to treatment may identify a subgroup of untreated addicts whose levels of psychosocial functioning are intermediate between those for whom methadone (a pure agonist) or naltrexone (a pure antagonist) would be indicated. 2. Buprenorphine's pharmacologic profile provides a missing link in available modalities for opiate dependence treatment, making it acceptable for many addicts who will not accept methadone maintenance treatment, join a residential therapeutic community, or be successful on naltrexone treatment. 3. Eight of the 16 ss were abstinent from heroin while receiving 0.6-3.9 mg/day buprenorphine and counseling. Responders (mean age 34 yrs) had been heroin dependent for a mean of 9.5 years (range 6-17 yrs), all were self-supporting, 4 lived with a non-addicted spouse, 5 had no prior treatment for addiction and 3 had prior naltrexone treatment, but had discontinued it and relapsed. Non-responders (mean age 30 yrs) had been heroin dependent for a mean of 7.4 yrs (range 2-19 yrs), 7 had no regular employment, all were single and 7 had no prior treatment for addiction. 4. Levels of psychosocial functioning (work, home, leisure) and global assessments of functioning were significantly higher for buprenorphine responders than non-responders (p less than .001 and p less than .01 respectively). 5. A new formulation of buprenorphine needs to be developed for addiction treatment, ideally consisting of 0.5 mg and 2.0 mg sublingual tablets
— id: 14222, year: 1991, vol: 15, page: 531, stat: Journal Article,

Treatment retention of patients referred by public assistance to an alcoholism clinic
Brizer DA; Maslansky R; Galanter M
1990 ;16(3-4):259-264, American journal of drug & alcohol abuse
In order to ascertain the relative impact of coercion by a welfare program on retention in an ambulatory alcoholism program, records of 178 consecutive admissions to an inner-city alcoholism clinic were reviewed. Patients who came to the clinic via coerced referral from a public assistance agency were as likely to remain in treatment for at least nine sessions as self-referred patients
— id: 36779, year: 1990, vol: 16, page: 259, stat: Journal Article,

Cocaine/"crack" dependence among psychiatric inpatients
Bunt G; Galanter M; Lifshutz H; Castaneda R
1990 Nov;147(11):1542-1546, American journal of psychiatry
The authors studied 40 cocaine-dependent subjects admitted to psychiatric inpatient wards of a metropolitan hospital because of general psychiatric symptoms. The results indicate that the predominant form of cocaine administration (88%) was freebasing 'crack.' DSM-III-R cluster B personality disorders (N = 17) and schizophrenia (N = 13) constituted the diagnoses for 75% of the sample. Compared to the schizophrenic patients in this cohort, the patients with cluster B personality disorders used cocaine in greater quantities and more frequently and began abuse of the drug at an earlier age. The escalation in urban areas of psychiatric hospitalizations attributed to use of crack may be largely related to psychiatric symptoms in cocaine-dependent patients with personality disorders as well as cocaine-induced psychopathology in schizophrenic patients
— id: 14294, year: 1990, vol: 147, page: 1542, stat: Journal Article,

Cults and zealous self-help movements: a psychiatric perspective
Galanter M
1990 May;147(5):543-551, American journal of psychiatry
Modern cults and zealous self-help movements exercise an intense group influence and can have a major impact on their members' psychiatric status. On the basis of research findings, the author describes the charismatic group, a generic model for such cohesive, intensely ideological movements. He examines the psychological forces they tap and the way they can both relieve and exacerbate psychopathology. The model is then used to explain the operation of zealous self-help programs that address psychiatric syndromes; these are directed at problems of the medically ill, substance abusers, and relatives of psychiatric patients
— id: 36776, year: 1990, vol: 147, page: 543, stat: Journal Article,

The evolution of a literature search schema for consultation/liaison psychiatry: the database and its computation. Substance abuse
Galanter M
1990 July;12(4 Suppl):49-50, General hospital psychiatry
— id: 36971, year: 1990, vol: 12, page: 49, stat: Journal Article,

Guidelines regarding possible conflict between psychiatrists' religious commitment and psychiatric practice
Galanter M; Spiro HR; Mohl PC; et al
1990 Apr;147(4):542-542, American journal of psychiatry
— id: 111604, year: 1990, vol: 147, page: 542, stat: Journal Article,

Combined Alcoholics Anonymous and professional care for addicted physicians
Galanter M; Talbott D; Gallegos K; Rubenstone E
1990 Jan;147(1):64-68, American journal of psychiatry
The authors studied 100 impaired physicians who were successfully treated in a program that combined professionally directed psychotherapeutic treatment and peer-led self-help. An average of 33.4 months after admission they all reported being abstinent and rated Alcoholics Anonymous (AA) as more important to their recovery than professionally directed modalities. Feelings of affiliativeness to AA, which were very high, were strong predictors of the respondents' perceived support for their recovery. These feelings, and an identification with the role of care giver in addiction treatment, appeared to be central to their recovery process
— id: 36778, year: 1990, vol: 147, page: 64, stat: Journal Article,

Combined alcohol and other drug dependence
Galanter, Marc
New York : Plenum Press ; 1990,
— id: 452, year: 1990, vol: , page: , stat: ,

Alcoholism and substance abuse
Galanter, Marc; Castaneda, Ricardo; Sobell, Linda C; Toneatto, Anthony; Sobell, Mark B; Moss, Howard B
Handbook of comparative treatments for adult disorders New York : Wiley, 1990,
(from the book) [book section covering several chapters] 'Psychotherapy' / Marc Galanter and Ricardo Castaneda / conceptualization of the disorders / diagnostic issues and problems / alternative treatment options 'Behavior Therapy' / Linda C. Sobell, Anthony Toneatto and Mark B. Sobell / focuses on the use and abuse of licit and illicit psychoactive drugs / differences and commonalities among the various drug classes are discussed with respect to (a) dependence, liability, and tolerance, (b) natural history of substance abuse, YYYtreatment goals, and (d) concurrent versus sequential treatment of multiple drug use / diagnostic issues and problems / reviews behavioral treatment studies of alcohol, tobacco, and other drug problems / alternative treatment options 'Pharmacotherapy' / Howard B. Moss / conceptualization of the disorder / basic pharmacological concepts relevant to substance abuse / diagnostic issues and problems / treatment strategies / alternative treatment options
— id: 3038, year: 1990, vol: , page: 463, stat: Chapter,

Plasma MHPG and age in detoxified alcoholics
Halbreich U; Castaneda R; Galanter M; Mandola R; Sharpless N
1990 Mar 15;27(6):626-630, Biological psychiatry
Plasma levels of 3 methoxy, 4-hydroxy phenylethyl glycol (MHPG) of detoxified alcoholics were found to be positively correlated with age as previously found with normal subjects. The slope of the regression line of plasma MHPG and age of the alcoholics in remission was significantly steeper than that of normal controls, indicating a faster age-related increase of MHPG in alcoholics
— id: 36777, year: 1990, vol: 27, page: 626, stat: Journal Article,

Dimenhydrinate addiction in a schizophrenic woman
Bartlik B; Galanter M; Angrist B
1989 Dec;50(12):476-476, Journal of clinical psychiatry
— id: 36781, year: 1989, vol: 50, page: 476, stat: Journal Article,

Liver function, plasma dexamethasone, and DST results in detoxified alcoholics
Carson SW; Halbreich U; Yeh CM; Galanter M
1989 Nov;30(2):217-221, Psychiatry research
Alcohol abuse, alcohol withdrawal, and deterioration of hepatic function have been associated with abnormal dexamethasone suppression test (DST) results. Chronic alcohol abuse may also directly alter the pharmacokinetic disposition of dexamethasone. Plasma dexamethasone concentrations following a DST were determined in 53 detoxified alcoholics. Those with abnormal liver function had higher 4 p.m. plasma dexamethasone concentrations and lower DST cortisol concentrations. Those with normal liver function had lower plasma dexamethasone and higher DST cortisol concentrations consistent with induction of hepatic metabolic enzymes from chronic use of alcohol. The data indicate that liver function is one of the variables influencing dexamethasone disposition and DST cortisol suppression
— id: 36782, year: 1989, vol: 30, page: 217, stat: Journal Article,

Self-medication among addicts with primary psychiatric disorders
Casteneda R; Galanter M; Franco H
1989 Jan-Feb;30(1):80-83, Comprehensive psychiatry
Thirty-two dually diagnosed inpatients described drug-induced changes in their psychiatric symptoms. All heroin addicts and most alcoholics reported drug-induced improvement of their primary psychiatric symptoms; all cocaine addicts reported symptom worsening. These findings suggest that chronic cocaine abuse may not necessarily be related to attempts at self-medication of psychiatric symptoms
— id: 36785, year: 1989, vol: 30, page: 80, stat: Journal Article,

Postgraduate medical education in alcoholism and drug abuse
Galanter M
1989 ;13:42-47, Alcohol health & research world
— id: 36865, year: 1989, vol: 13, page: 42, stat: Journal Article,

Subspecialty training in alcoholism and drug abuse
Galanter M
1989 Jan;146(1):8-9, American journal of psychiatry
— id: 36784, year: 1989, vol: 146, page: 8, stat: Journal Article,

A study of physicians certified in alcohol and drug dependence
Galanter M; Bean-Bayog M
1989 Feb;13(1):1-2, Alcoholism: clinical & experimental research
— id: 36783, year: 1989, vol: 13, page: 1, stat: Journal Article,

Psychosocial approaches to treatment and rehabilitation
Galanter M; Frances R; Miller S
1989 ;8:379-396, Review of psychiatry
— id: 36976, year: 1989, vol: 8, page: 379, stat: Journal Article,

The current status of psychiatric education in alcoholism and drug abuse
Galanter M; Kaufman E; Taintor Z; Robinowitz CB; Meyer RE; Halikas J
1989 Jan;146(1):35-39, American journal of psychiatry
The authors conducted a survey of psychiatric education in alcoholism and drug abuse in the United States. Ninety-seven percent of 106 undergraduate training programs and 91% of 169 residency programs offered curriculum units in this field. Most of these programs also provided supervised clinical care. Areas of reported faculty dissatisfaction included problems with attitude and interest of psychiatric faculty and with the amount of curriculum time allotted. The authors conclude that although the amount of curriculum time devoted to training in alcoholism and drug abuse is growing, further investment in developing faculty and fellowships is warranted to increase the quality of teaching commitment
— id: 10753, year: 1989, vol: 146, page: 35, stat: Journal Article,

The future of addiction medicine as a psychiatric subspecialty
Galanter M; Taintor Z
The future of psychiatry as a medical specialty Washington DC : American Psychiatric Press, 1989,
— id: 3071, year: 1989, vol: , page: 57, stat: Chapter,

MANAGEMENT OF THE ALCOHOLIC IN OFFICE PRACTICE
GALANTER, M
1989 MAY ;19(5):266-270, Psychiatric annals
— id: 41868, year: 1989, vol: 19, page: 266, stat: Journal Article,

Cults : faith, healing, and coercion
Galanter, Marc
New York : Oxford University Press, 1989,
— id: 251, year: 1989, vol: , page: , stat: ,

Cults and new religious movements : a report of the American Psychiatric Association
Galanter, Marc
Washington, DC : The Association, c1989,
— id: 83, year: 1989, vol: , page: , stat: ,

Treatment research
Galanter, Marc
New York : Plenum, 1989,
— id: 451, year: 1989, vol: , page: , stat: ,

Psychoactive substance use disorders (alcohol)
Galanter, Marc
Treatments of psychiatric disorders: A task force report of the American Psychiatric Association Washington DC : APA, 1989,
(from the book) [book section covering several chapters] 'Typologies' / Roger Meyer 'Goals of Treatment' / Marc A. Schuckit 'Treatment of Organic Mental Disorders' / Donald M. Gallant 'Individual Management and Psychotherapy' / Sheldon Zimberg 'Psychodynamic Psychotherapy' / Richard J. Frances, Edward J. Khantzian and John S. Tamerin 'Family Therapy' / Peter Steinglass 'Group Therapy' / E. Mansell Pattison and Jeffrey M. Brandsma 'Behavior Therapy' / Gloria Litman 'Office Management' / Marc Galanter 'Inpatient Programs' / Jack H. Mendelson 'Employee Assistance Programs' / Gloria Litman 'Community-Based Treatment' / James H. Shore and Lial Kofoed 'Alcoholics Anonymous' / Chad D. Emrick
— id: 3039, year: 1989, vol: , page: 1063, stat: Chapter,

Low basal levels of cortisol distinguish detoxified alcoholics with major depressive disorder from non-MDDs
Halbreich U; Castaneda R; Galanter M
1989 Dec;13(6):834-836, Alcoholism: clinical & experimental research
Basal plasma levels of cortisol and its suppression by dexamethasone were measured in 60 inpatient alcoholics 12-13 days after detoxification. Both hypothalamic-pituitary adrenal system parameters were essentially within normal limits in most patients--those who did not meet criteria for major depressive disorder (n = 43) as well as those who met criteria for MDD per their episode (n-17). Basal levels of cortisol below 7 micrograms/dl distinguished alcoholics without MDD from those who met criteria for MDD per current episodes
— id: 36780, year: 1989, vol: 13, page: 834, stat: Journal Article,

Ethnic differences in drinking practices and cognitive impairment among detoxifying alcoholics
Castaneda R; Galanter M
1988 Jul;49(4):335-339, Journal of studies on alcolhol
The purpose of the present study was to determine whether ethnic differences existed among detoxifying alcoholic inpatients regarding drinking practices, psychosocial variables and cognitive impairment. Patients of Puerto Rican extraction (Hispanics) were found to be more often afflicted than Whites and Blacks by cognitive impairment, daily drinking, heaviest average amount drunk, unemployment and lack of residence. Whites were less affected by these variables than the other two ethnic groups. Amount and frequency of drinking predicted the occurrence of cognitive impairment to a degree that approached significance. Cognitive impairment was defined as inability to score less than 5 points in the Blessed Orientation-Memory-Concentration test. In a follow-up study, nearly all CT scans obtained on a similar group of 20 detoxifying alcoholics (mean age 40), who had cognitive impairment as defined in the first study, were found to demonstrate brain atrophy. Contrasting drinking practices rather than ethnicity may have accounted for the different rates of cognitive impairment observed among the three ethnic groups
— id: 11047, year: 1988, vol: 49, page: 335, stat: Journal Article,

Medical fellowships in alcohol and drug abuse
Galanter M
1988 ;9:43-45, Substance abuse
— id: 36867, year: 1988, vol: 9, page: 43, stat: Journal Article,

Research on social supports and mental illness
Galanter M
1988 Oct;145(10):1270-1272, American journal of psychiatry
— id: 10935, year: 1988, vol: 145, page: 1270, stat: Journal Article,

The alcoholism treatment system: in- and out-patients
Galanter M
Biomedical and social aspects of alcohol and alcoholism : proceedings of the Fourth Congress of the International Society for Biomedical Research on Alcoholism (ISBRA), Kyoto, Japan, June 26-July 2, 1988 Amsterdam : Excerpta Medica, 1988,
— id: 3062, year: 1988, vol: , page: 141, stat: Chapter,

Zealous self-help groups as adjuncts to psychiatric treatment: a study of Recovery, Inc
Galanter M
1988 Oct;145(10):1248-1253, American journal of psychiatry
In a controlled study of Recovery, Inc., a self-help program for people with psychiatric problems, the author found a decline in both symptoms and concomitant psychiatric treatment after subjects had joined the group. Scores for neurotic distress reported after joining were considerably lower than those reported for the period before joining. Scores for psychological well-being of longstanding Recovery members were no different from those of community control subjects, and fewer long-term members than recent members were being treated with psychotropic medication and psychotherapy. The author concludes that peer-led self-help groups have value as an adjunct to psychiatric treatment
— id: 10936, year: 1988, vol: 145, page: 1248, stat: Journal Article,

Physician certification in alcohol and drug dependence
Galanter M; Bean-Bayog M
1988 Jan 15;259(3):354-354, JAMA
— id: 36786, year: 1988, vol: 259, page: 354, stat: Journal Article,

Substance abuse among general psychiatric patients: place of presentation, diagnosis, and treatment
Galanter M; Castaneda R; Ferman J
1988 ;14(2):211-235, American journal of drug & alcohol abuse
This paper reviews the literature on patients presenting for general psychiatric treatment who are also substance abusers. Place of presentation, diagnosis, and treatment are considered. A considerable portion of patients seen in emergency rooms, as much as half in some settings, are substance abusers, and over a third of general psychiatry admissions have been found to have their presenting problems materially influenced or precipitated by substance abuse. Substance abuse is also frequently found among psychiatric inpatients. Diagnostically, the differentiation of general psychiatric and addictive syndromes can be difficult: primary and secondary affective disorder from consequences of long-term substance abuse; and self-medication patterns from primary general psychiatric syndromes. Treatment studies are often focused on concomitant psychotherapeutic management for patient being treated for addiction. Often, emphasis is placed on pharmacotherapy for enhancing outcome in the dually diagnosed. Qualitatively, new options tailored to this population still remain to be studied, however, as do the changes necessary in the treatment system to assure proper long-term management
— id: 11267, year: 1988, vol: 14, page: 211, stat: Journal Article,

Clinical management of alcohol and drug abuse: psychosocial modalities
Galanter M; Pattison M; Bean M; Litman G
Manual of drug and alcohol abuse : guidelines for teaching in medical and health institutions New York : Plenum Medical Book Co., 1988,
— id: 3069, year: 1988, vol: , page: 233, stat: Chapter,

Cults and new religious movements
Galanter, Marc
Modern perspectives in psychosocial pathology New York : Brunner/Mazel, 1988,
(from the chapter) provides a psychological perspective of the new religious movements, or cults, of recent years natural history of membership in these movements will first be examined and relevant explanatory perspectives will be discussed members' background / recruitment / life in the sects / leaving charismatic sects psychopathology and mental health thought control / 'brainwashing'
— id: 3040, year: 1988, vol: , page: 305, stat: Chapter,

A review of treatment modalities for alcoholism and their outcome
Castaneda, Ricardo; Galanter, Marc
1987 ;7(4):237-244 Fal, American journal of social psychiatry
Describes contemporary social psychiatric approaches to alcoholism (e.g., halfway houses, group therapy, family therapy, behavioral therapy, Alcoholics Anonymous) and reviews relevant clinical outcome studies for this psychiatric illness. It is suggested that, after detoxification, the number of treatment modalities provides an opportunity to select an appropriate treatment based on individual needs. The research validation of treatments is outlined in the discussion.
— id: 36850, year: 1987, vol: 7, page: 237, stat: Journal Article,

Contemporary charismatic sects: lesson on the nature of alcohol and drug abuse
Galanter M
1987 ;45:610-616, Medicine & hygiene
— id: 36864, year: 1987, vol: 45, page: 610, stat: Journal Article,

Forward
Galanter M
Alcoholism : a guide to diagnosis, intervention, and treatment New York : Norton, 1987,
— id: 3063, year: 1987, vol: , page: v, stat: Chapter,

Institutional self-help therapy for alcoholism: clinical outcome
Galanter M; Castaneda R; Salamon I
1987 Oct;11(5):424-429, Alcoholism: clinical & experimental research
Self-help peer-led therapy can yield improved cost effectiveness and clinical outcome in hospital-based alcoholism treatment. This was demonstrated by comparing two ambulatory alcoholism treatment programs: a control program operated solely by professional staff, and an experimental one based on peer-led self-help (SH). The SH program was staffed by only half as many primary therapists as the control. Patients in both programs were evaluated over the course of one year. By means of the Patient Status Form, a clinical assessment instrument applied monthly, SH patients were found to score significantly higher on social adjustment, although retention and drinking rates, and utilization of Alcoholics Anonymous and disulfiram were no different from controls. This study is the continuation of an initial comparison in which SH patients were found to have enhanced retention in treatment after discharge from an impatient service
— id: 36787, year: 1987, vol: 11, page: 424, stat: Journal Article,

CONSENSUAL SUPPORT FOR ABSTINENCE, AN INTEGRAL COMPONENT OF ALCOHOLISM-TREATMENT
Galanter, M
1987 Aug;82(8):841-842, British journal of addiction
— id: 31351, year: 1987, vol: 82, page: 841, stat: Journal Article,

PEER-DIRECTED SELF-HELP TREATMENT FOR ALCOHOLISM - INTRODUCTION TO A SYMPOSIUM
Galanter, M
1987 Oct;11(5):413-415, Alcoholism: clinical & experimental research
— id: 31310, year: 1987, vol: 11, page: 413, stat: Journal Article,

The large-group social support network in the treatment of substance abuse: Naturalistic and experimental models
Galanter, Marc
Stress and addiction New York : Brunner/Mazel, 1987,
(from the chapter) naturalistic investigation of two sects and an experimental study of a self-help treatment group are presented
— id: 3041, year: 1987, vol: , page: 225, stat: Chapter,

"Moonies" get married: a psychiatric follow-up study of a charismatic religious sect
Galanter M
1986 Oct;143(10):1245-1249, American journal of psychiatry
A 3-year follow-up of longtime engaged members of the Unification Church revealed remarkable compliance with the sect's unusual marital commitments. Of 305 subjects, 95% were still active in the church and 85% had been married in the interim to mates designated by their religious leader. Their scores on a measure of psychological well-being remained below those of the general population, and members who deviated from the sect's expectations showed even greater distress. Furthermore, analysis revealed that affiliative ties with the sect apparently counteracted the distress produced by the unusual marital experience and help to explain compliance with the sect's unusual behavioral norms
— id: 36788, year: 1986, vol: 143, page: 1245, stat: Journal Article,

Social network therapy for cocaine dependence
Galanter M
1986 Winter;6(2):159-175, Advances in alcohol & substance abuse
The article describes an approach to the treatment of cocaine dependent patients in which the patient's social network is used to bolster his attempts to achieve stable abstinence. The network is drawn from persons close to the patient, typically members of his immediate family or close friends, and is used for social support in assuring compliance with the treatment regimen and in undercutting denial. The function of the regimen is explained to the patient and network members: It is conducted to assure the patient's abstinence from the outset of treatment, to mitigate against the occurrence of slips, and to support reintegration into treatment should relapses to alcohol or drug use occur
— id: 36791, year: 1986, vol: 6, page: 159, stat: Journal Article,

Treating substance abusers: why therapists fail
Galanter M
1986 Aug;37(8):769-769, Hospital & community psychiatry
— id: 36789, year: 1986, vol: 37, page: 769, stat: Journal Article,

Cocaine: a new epidemic
Gold MS; Galanter M; Stimmel B
1986 Winter;6(2):1-5, Advances in alcohol & substance abuse
— id: 36792, year: 1986, vol: 6, page: 1, stat: Journal Article,

Alcohol idiosyncratic intoxication and other alcohol-related states of acute behavioral disinhibition
Jacoby, Jacob H; Galanter, Marc
Psychopathology and addictive disorders New York : Guilford Press, 1986,
(from the chapter) begin with a review of the historical development of this disorder [alcohol idiosyncratic intoxication (AII)] as described in DSM-III, and we contrast some of these aforementiond parameters with similar presentations seen in other psychiatric disorders history, culture, and lore / science and sociology alcohol and acute states of aggression / EEG [electroencephalogram] correlates of alcohol and aggression AII and seizure-related involuntary activity / and memory loss / and the law / as a psychotic state substance-induced idiosyncratic intoxication
— id: 3042, year: 1986, vol: , page: 238, stat: Chapter,

Relationship between serum cortisol, liver function, and depression in detoxified alcoholics
Zern MA; Halbreich U; Bacon K; Galanter M; Kang BJ; Gasparini F
1986 Jun;10(3):320-322, Alcoholism: clinical & experimental research
High levels of serum cortisol or abnormal dexamethasone suppression tests may be helpful in diagnosing major depressive disorder. However, a controversy exists as to whether abnormal liver function associated with alcohol abuse may negate the diagnostic value of the dexamethasone suppression test in alcoholics. We investigated the value of the dexamethasone suppression test in alcoholics by analyzing the liver function, cortisol levels, and psychiatric status of inpatients from an alcohol detoxification treatment center. The subjects met the DSM III criteria for alcohol dependence but took no chronic medication and had negative screening for substance abuse. They had routine blood screening to evaluate liver function, the afternoon cortisol test and dexamethasone suppression test to study glucocorticoid activity, and a structured evaluation to determine psychiatric diagnoses. The blood chemistry findings demonstrated a lack of significant liver synthetic dysfunction in this group, although 43% of the subjects had some elevation of their liver enzymes. We did not find differences in the liver function between patients with normal and abnormal cortisol levels. However, subjects with endogenous depression did have significantly elevated afternoon cortisol levels, and they tended to have more normal liver tests. These results indicate that modest liver dysfunction does not contaminate the validity of the plasma cortisol tests or the dexamethasone suppression test as diagnostic tools for assessing depression in this group of detoxified alcoholics. In addition, they demonstrate an association between depression and plasma cortisol levels and suggest a correlation between depression and better liver function in alcoholics who seek detoxification
— id: 36790, year: 1986, vol: 10, page: 320, stat: Journal Article,

Special report: AMSAODD: plan for certification of members, 1985-1986
Bean-Bayog M; Galanter M; Halikas J; Radcliffe A
1985 Sep-Oct;9(5):390-392, Alcoholism: clinical & experimental research
— id: 36793, year: 1985, vol: 9, page: 390, stat: Journal Article,

Increased cost-effectiveness for alcoholism treatment through self-help groups
Galanter M
1985 ;4(4):54-59, Digest of alcoholism theory & application
— id: 36861, year: 1985, vol: 4, page: 54, stat: Journal Article,

Postgraduate certification in alcohol and drug dependence
Galanter M
1985 Sep-Oct;9(5):387-389, Alcoholism: clinical & experimental research
— id: 36794, year: 1985, vol: 9, page: 387, stat: Journal Article,

Psychiatric study of parent groups for youthful drug and alcohol abuse
Galanter M
1985 ;4(3):5-9, Digest of alcoholism theory & application
— id: 36863, year: 1985, vol: 4, page: 5, stat: Journal Article,

Use of the social and family network in individual therapy
Galanter M
Practical approaches to alcoholism psychotherapy New York : Plenum Press, 1985,
— id: 3061, year: 1985, vol: , page: 173, stat: Chapter,

Self-destructive behavior in the substance abuser
Galanter M; Castaneda R
1985 Jun;8(2):251-261, Psychiatric clinics of North America
This article considers some of the psychophysiologic mechanisms that underlie the driven, apparently self-destructive behavior of addicted persons. The authors review the available literature on the association between suicidal behavior and substance abuse. These issues are discussed in the context of the epidemiology and phenomenology of self-destructive behavior
— id: 36795, year: 1985, vol: 8, page: 251, stat: Journal Article,

Lessons for treatment from the new religous movements
Galanter, Marc
1985 March;9(1):3-12, Update: a quarterly journal on new religious movments
Both charismatic religious sects and self-help groups] illustrate the ability of the zealous large group to alter patterns of
— id: 36860, year: 1985, vol: 9, page: 3, stat: Journal Article,

Alcoholism
Galanter M
1984 ;:695-699, Current therapy in internal medicine
— id: 36969, year: 1984, vol: , page: 695, stat: Journal Article,

Alcoholism
Galanter M
1984 ;:403-406, Current therapy in gastroenterology & liver disease
— id: 36970, year: 1984, vol: , page: 403, stat: Journal Article,

Professionally-directed self-help therapy for alcoholism
Galanter M
Advances in the psychosocial treatment of alcoholism Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1984,
— id: 3059, year: 1984, vol: , page: 45, stat: Chapter,

Self-help large-group therapy for alcoholism: a controlled study
Galanter M
1984 Jan-Feb;8(1):16-23, Alcoholism: clinical & experimental research
An innovative approach to ambulatory alcoholism treatment is proposed, based on adapting a self-help modality to the institutional clinic setting, for more cost-effective care. It draws on the principles of social influence in large groups, and diffuses the therapist's perogatives among more advanced patients. The program thereby operates with half the usual counseling staff. In this study (n = 235), a controlled comparison of this approach was made with more conventional clinic treatment, based on small-group therapy. Retention and visit rates of the experimental patients over 1 year of care were no different from the control patients, and engagement of inpatients into ambulatory care was more effective
— id: 36797, year: 1984, vol: 8, page: 16, stat: Journal Article,

Social networks in the office management of the substance abuser
Galanter M
Advances in the psychosocial treatment of alcoholism Washington DC: American Psychiatric Press, 1984,
— id: 3060, year: 1984, vol: , page: 97, stat: Chapter,

Medical manpower in the alcoholism field
Galanter M; Blume BL
1984 ;3(4):55-62, Digest of alcoholism theory & application
— id: 36862, year: 1984, vol: 3, page: 55, stat: Journal Article,

Self-help groups for parents of young drug and alcohol abusers
Galanter M; Gleaton T; Marcus CE; McMillen J
1984 Jul;141(7):889-891, American journal of psychiatry
A national movement of parent self-help groups has recently emerged to combat drug abuse in children and adolescents. This innovative modality addresses a major mental health problem in an area where manpower shortages are anticipated. On the basis of self-report data from 135 parent group members, the drug and behavior problems of their children were evaluated. Improvement was reported in the community at large but more frequently in the children of members. The parent groups differed notably in structure and activities; nonetheless, the underlying psychology of membership, i.e., the shared attitudes and social cohesiveness of the members, facilitated the achieving of common goals
— id: 36796, year: 1984, vol: 141, page: 889, stat: Journal Article,

Alcoholism treatment
Galanter M; Sperber J
Emergency medical therapy '84 Norwalk CT : Appleton-Century-Crofts, 1984,
— id: 3054, year: 1984, vol: , page: 343, stat: Chapter,

Brief psychosis in alcoholism
Galanter M; Walsh N
Transient psychosis : diagnosis, management, and evaluation New York : Brunner/Mazel, 1984,
— id: 3058, year: 1984, vol: , page: 111, stat: Chapter,

Alcoholism treatment through systems intervention: Introduction to a symposium
Galanter, Marc; Pattison, E. Mansell
1984 ;8(1):1-3 Jan-Feb, Alcoholism: clinical & experimental research
Discusses, relative to Part I of the symposium 'Alcoholism Treatment Through Systems Intervention,' the nature of the social system, a definition of levels within a system at which intervention may take place, and problems associated with research on (and thus the outcome of) social intervention in alcoholism. It is contended that a general systems approach is helpful in considering social intervention in alcoholism since social issues may interact to produce drinking patterns that are not easily understood on the basis of a single social determinant.
— id: 36851, year: 1984, vol: 8, page: 1, stat: Journal Article,

Self-help groups
Gottlieb F; Kirkpatrick M; Marmor J; Galanter M
The Psychiatric therapies Washington DC: American Psychiatric Association, 1984,
— id: 3070, year: 1984, vol: , page: 815, stat: Chapter,

Engaged members of the Unification Church. Impact of a charismatic large group on adaptation and behavior
Galanter M
1983 Nov;40(11):1197-1202, Archives of general psychiatry
This project was designed to study the psychological nature of compliance with unusual behavioral norms among members of a charismatic religious sect. Three hundred twenty-one members of the Unification Church had been placed into marital engagement a year previously in a highly unusual fashion: their partners were assigned to them by the group's leader as part of a religious ritual. The abrogation of contemporary norms for mate selection was not associated with increased psychological distress. Church-related life experiences, however, were perceived as being of considerable psychological impact. Multiple regression analyses further revealed that the vulnerability of respondents to perceived life disruption was relived by their affiliation to the sect. This 'relief effect,' associated with social and religious ties to the sect, apparently reinforces compliance with the group's behavorial norms, particularly since the manner of reinforcement is integrated into the social structure of the group
— id: 36798, year: 1983, vol: 40, page: 1197, stat: Journal Article,

Group induction techniques in a charismatic sect
Galanter M
The Brainwashing/deprogramming controversy : sociological, psychological, legal, and historical perspectives New York : E. Mellen Press, 1983,
— id: 3055, year: 1983, vol: , page: 200, stat: Chapter,

Religious influence and the etiology of substance abuse
Galanter M
Etiologic aspects of alcohol and drug abuse Springfield IL : Charles C. Thomas, 1983,
— id: 3066, year: 1983, vol: , page: 238, stat: Chapter,

Unification Church ("Moonie") dropouts: psychological readjustment after leaving a charismatic religious group
Galanter M
1983 Aug;140(8):984-989, American journal of psychiatry
Of 66 persons who left the Unification Church (the 'Moonies'), twenty-three (36%) reported that they had had serious emotional problems after leaving. After an average of 3.8 years, however, the former members studied here had apparently achieved a stable adjustment. Most of them retained a notable fidelity toward the sect and its beliefs, but those who had been 'deprogrammed' had more negative views and themselves had coerced other members to leave. The author examines the impact of group membership on individual development and looks at departure in relation to the psychopathology, such as depression and paranoid ideation, that may emerge
— id: 36799, year: 1983, vol: 140, page: 984, stat: Journal Article,

Physicians in alcoholism: a study of current status and future needs
Galanter M; Blume S; Bissell L
1983 Fall;7(4):389-392, Alcoholism: clinical & experimental research
Members of the American Medical Society on Alcoholism were studied to shed light on medical manpower needs in the alcoholism field. Findings were compared to AMA and federal survey data for all American physicians. AMSA respondents were broadly distributed among specialties: primarily psychiatrists, internists, and family practitioners. They were evenly divided between office-based and institutional practice, and most were on medical school faculties. Regarding alcoholism treatment, they generally agreed that Alcoholics Anonymous is necessary and that nonmedical counsellors are effective, although their attitudes on the etiology of alcoholism were divided. This sample of physicians in alcoholism, although not inclusive of all in the field, represents a diverse group, with differing clinical and educational needs
— id: 36800, year: 1983, vol: 7, page: 389, stat: Journal Article,

Psychological consequences of charismatic religous experience and meditation
Galanter M; Buckley P
The Brainwashing/deprogramming controversy : sociological, psychological, legal, and historical perspectives New York : E. Mellen Press, 1983,
— id: 3056, year: 1983, vol: , page: 194, stat: Chapter,

Recent developments in alcoholism
Galanter, Marc
New York : Plenum Press, c1983-,
— id: 229, year: 1983, vol: , page: , stat: ,

Psychotherapy for alcohol and drug abuse: An approach based on learning theory
Galanter, Marc
1983 ;5(6):551-556, Journal of psychiatric treatment & evaluation
Presents an approach based on learning theory that is designed to enhance the effectiveness of psychotherapy for patients who abuse alcohol and other drugs. Until recently, psychotherapy has been thought to have only limited effectiveness in the treatment of alcohol and drug abuse. The proposed model of conditioned abstinence is used to clarify 2 characteristic clinical phenomena in addictive illness: the considerable vulnerability to relapse and the loss of control over quantity consumed. Techniques for extinguishing the conditioned cues that underline these phenomena are discussed. It is contended that certain conditioned drinking or drug abuse behaviors can be extinguished if the appropriate extinguishing stimulus is presented in a systematic way. By means of guided recall in a psychotherapeutic context, clients can become aware of the sequence of action of the CS and can label the CS themselves. Clinical examples are provided to illustrate various applications of this approach.
— id: 36852, year: 1983, vol: 5, page: 551, stat: Journal Article,

Alcohol consultation in the general hospital
Galanter M
1982 ;:?-?, Advances in alcoholism
— id: 36967, year: 1982, vol: , page: ?, stat: Journal Article,

Alcoholism as a putative "self-destructive" behavior
Galanter M
Suicide and the life cycle: proceedings of the 15th annual meeting the American Association of Suicidology [S.l.] : American Association of Suicidology, 1982,
— id: 3057, year: 1982, vol: , page: 56, stat: Chapter,

Altered use of social intoxicants after conversion
Galanter M
Alcoholism and clinical psychiatry New York : Plenum Medical Book Co, 1982,
— id: 3053, year: 1982, vol: , page: 49, stat: Chapter,

Charismatic religious sects and psychiatry: an overview
Galanter M
1982 Dec;139(12):1539-1548, American journal of psychiatry
Phenomena associated with contemporary charismatic religious sects raise questions about the combined impact of group influence and intensely held beliefs on group members' psychological functioning. The author considers the stages of membership in these sects, with emphasis on psychiatric aspects of conversion, long-term membership, and leaving. He discusses options for psychiatric intervention, including psychotherapy, conservatorships, and deprogramming. Systems theory is used to provide a psychological model for the relationship between group influence in these sects and current conceptions of individual psychopathology and normal adaptation
— id: 36801, year: 1982, vol: 139, page: 1539, stat: Journal Article,

Alcohol and drug abuse consultation in the general hospital: a systems approach
Galanter M; Karasu TB; Wilder JF
Selection of treatment for alcoholics New Brunswick NJ : Rutgers Center of Alcohol Studies, 1982,
— id: 3051, year: 1982, vol: , page: 307, stat: Chapter,

General hospitals in the alcoholism treatment system
Galanter M; Sperber J
Encyclpedic handbook of alcoholism New York : Gardner Press, 1982,
— id: 3068, year: 1982, vol: , page: 828, stat: Chapter,

Alcoholism programs in the USSR and Yugoslavia: effects of the social context on treatment
Galanter M
1981 ;8(1):183-194, Currents in alcoholism
The social context in which alcoholism treatment takes place contributes greatly to its nature and outcome. This issue is examined in two socialist countries, based on site visits and literature review. A hospital-based treatment program and its related social Club system in Yugoslavia are part of a close-knit national treatment network oriented toward self-help and peer therapy. The principal approaches to alcoholism treatment in the USSR are closely integrated into the Communist social and political structure, and include sobering-up stations, factory-based clinics, hospital-based inpatient and outpatient facilities, and a quasi-penal system for recidivists. The impact of the following issues on alcoholism treatment is discussed: (1) the public information system, in both ideology and propaganda; (2) the state's regulation of deviant behavior, as a component of the medical treatment system; and finally, (3) the acceptable role for peer treatment in a given social context
— id: 36805, year: 1981, vol: 8, page: 183, stat: Journal Article,

Cohesiveness in the large-group: a sociobiologic perspective
Galanter M
Group cohesion : theoretical and clinical perspectives New York : Grune & Stratton, 1981,
— id: 3067, year: 1981, vol: , page: 417, stat: Chapter,

Peer group influence on adolescent alcohol use: the psychiatric impact of charismatic sects
Galanter M
1981 Jun;57(5):370-377, Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine
— id: 36803, year: 1981, vol: 57, page: 370, stat: Journal Article,

Religious experience and the regulation of drug use
Galanter M
Substance abuse : clinical problems and perspectives Baltimore : Williams & Wilkins, 1981,
— id: 3052, year: 1981, vol: , page: 421, stat: Chapter,

Sociobiology and informal social controls of drinking: findings from two charismatic sects
Galanter M
1981 Jan;42(1):64-79, Journal of studies on alcolhol
— id: 36804, year: 1981, vol: 42, page: 64, stat: Journal Article,

Relief of psychiatric symptoms in evangelical religious sects
Galanter M; Diamond LC
1981 Nov;26(5):495-6, 498, British journal of hospital medicine
— id: 36802, year: 1981, vol: 26, page: 495, stat: Journal Article,

Psychological induction into the large-group: findings from a modern religious sect
Galanter M
1980 Dec;137(12):1574-1579, American journal of psychiatry
The author studied the psychological aspects of religious conversion during structured 21-day workshop sequences designed to introduce people to the Unification Church. Subjects were given a battery of tests at different times during the sequence. After the initial 2-day workshop, 71% dropped out; the 29% who chose to continue had greater affiliative feelings toward the group and greater acceptance of the church's creed than these early dropouts. The 9% who ultimately joined the church had weaker outside personal ties than the later dropouts, although their beliefs in and cohesiveness toward the church were the same as the late dropouts. These results are also compared with long-standing members of the church and matched nonmembers. The induction procedures used by the church are discussed with regard to those used by large therapeutic groups, such as self-help organizations
— id: 36806, year: 1980, vol: 137, page: 1574, stat: Journal Article,

The career teacher program
Galanter M
Alcohol and drug abuse in medical education Washingto DC : Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, 1980,
— id: 3047, year: 1980, vol: , page: 20, stat: Chapter,

Young adult social drinkers: another group at risk?
Galanter M
1980 Jul;4(3):241-242, Alcoholism: clinical & experimental research
— id: 36809, year: 1980, vol: 4, page: 241, stat: Journal Article,

Alcoholism
Galanter M; Bender SH
1980 ;:875-880, Current therapy
— id: 36968, year: 1980, vol: , page: 875, stat: Journal Article,

Large group influence for decreased drug use: findings from two contemporary religious sects
Galanter M; Buckley P; Deutsch A; Rabkin R; Rabkin J
1980 ;7(3-4):291-304, American journal of drug & alcohol abuse
This paper reports on studies designed to clarify the role of large cohesive groups in effecting diminished drug use among their members. Subjects were drawn from two contemporary religious sects and data were obtained by administering self-report questionnaires under controlled conditions, in cooperation with the sects' leadership. Data which bear directly on changes in drug use are reported here. Members of the Divine Light Mission (DLM), many of whom had been involved in the 'counterculture' of the early 1970s, reported incidence of drug use prior to joining which was much above that of a nonmember comparison group. Reported levels were considerably lower after joining, and the decline was maintained over an average membership of 2 years. Unification Church (UC) members showed a similar pattern but their drug use began at a somewhat lower level and declined further still; this reflects a stricter stance toward illicit intoxicants in the UC, and relatively less openness to transcendental altered consciousness, which is an integral part of DLM meditation. Data from persons registered for UC recruitment workshops corroborated retrospective reports of the long-standing members. Changes in the consumption of tranquilizers were also considered. Data on caffeine consumption reflected less strict commitment to controls over this agent. The decline in drug use was considered in relation to feelings of social cohesiveness toward fellow group members, which was a significant predictor of change in drug use in multiple regression analysis. The findings are examined in relation to the interplay between behavioral norms in a close-knit subculture and the role of its beliefs and values in determining levels of drug use
— id: 36811, year: 1980, vol: 7, page: 291, stat: Journal Article,

Thought disorder in alcoholics
Galanter M; Karasu TB; Plutchik R; Conte HR; Cohn L
1980 ;7:247-252, Currents in alcoholism
— id: 36839, year: 1980, vol: 7, page: 247, stat: Journal Article,

Charismatic religious experience and large-group psychology
Galanter M; Westermeyer J
1980 Dec;137(12):1550-1552, American journal of psychiatry
— id: 36807, year: 1980, vol: 137, page: 1550, stat: Journal Article,

Alcohol and drug abuse in medical education
Galanter, Marc
Rockville, Md. : U.S. Dept. of Health, Education, and Welfare, Public Health Service, Alcohol, Drug Abuse, and Mental Health Administration, 1980,
— id: 146, year: 1980, vol: , page: , stat: ,

Clinical fellowships in substance abuse: a new curriculum strategy
Keeley KA; Galanter M; Millman R; Jackson G
1980 ;7(1):49-56, American journal of drug & alcohol abuse
Recognizing the effectiveness of substance abuse treatment is made easier when there is a steady supply of newly trained medical professionals who are competent in this specialty. University-based substance abuse treatment facilities have a clear obligation to educate such professionals. This article shows how three different medical colleges were able to establish new clinical fellowships in substance abuse so that teaching activities could be fostered at preexisting treatment sites. Fellowship activities varied from one place to the next, but at all three schools important momentum was generated on behalf of substance abuse education. These experiences provide models for those academicians and administrators who face the task of integrating educational and serivce delivery missions in the substance abuse field
— id: 36810, year: 1980, vol: 7, page: 49, stat: Journal Article,

Alcoholics' transition from ward to clinic; group orientation improves retention
Panepinto W; Galanter M; Bender SH; Strochlic M
1980 Sep;41(9):940-945, Journal of studies on alcolhol
When inpatients attended orientation sessions preparing them for outpatient treatment, a larger proportion of these patients than of patients receiving no orientation returned for outpatient care
— id: 36808, year: 1980, vol: 41, page: 940, stat: Journal Article,

The Abhidharma: a cross-cultural model for the psychiatric application of meditation
Strassman RJ; Galanter M
1980 ;26(4):293-299, International journal of social psychiatry
— id: 36812, year: 1980, vol: 26, page: 293, stat: Journal Article,

Altered states of consciousness during psychotherapy: a historical and cultural perspective
Buckley P; Galanter M
1979 Summer;25(2):118-124, International journal of social psychiatry
This paper reviews the frequent phenomenon of altered states of consciousness in disparate cultural psychotherapeutic contexts. The historical antecedents of contemporary Western psychodynamic psychotherapy are examined and the central importance of altered states in the therapeutic effects of religious institutions such as the Dionysian rite and the Asclepia is illustrated. The continued presence of this phenomenon in Western psychotherapy from Mesmerism to psychoanalysis is shown. The use of trance states in the healing rituals of non-Western societies is culturally variegated therapeutic settings. The ubiquitous nature of the altered state phenomenon in such widely varied cultural contexts suggests the possibility of its being a universal component of psychotherapy
— id: 36819, year: 1979, vol: 25, page: 118, stat: Journal Article,

Mystical experience, spiritual knowledge, and a contemporary ecstatic religion
Buckley P; Galanter M
1979 Sep;52(3):281-289, British journal of medical psychology
— id: 36813, year: 1979, vol: 52, page: 281, stat: Journal Article,

Biomedical issues and clinical effects of alcoholism. Introduction
Galanter M
1979 ;5(2):XIII-XXIV, Currents in alcoholism
— id: 36820, year: 1979, vol: 5, page: XIII, stat: Journal Article,

Religious conversion: an experimental model for affecting alcoholic denial
Galanter M
1979 ;6(2):69-78, Currents in alcoholism
— id: 36817, year: 1979, vol: 6, page: 69, stat: Journal Article,

Thought disorder in alcoholics
Galanter M; Karasu TB; Plutchik R; Conte HR; Cohn L
1979 ;7(2):245-252, Currents in alcoholism
Research on cognitive impairment in chronic alcoholics has generally focused on pathology associated with organic brain damage. On the other hand, deficits more typical of the functional psychoses have been less explored, due to the absence of appropriate tests. By using the Thought Disorder Rating Scale (TDRS) recently developed at our Center, however, we have tested chronic alcoholics for the presence of classical symptoms of thought disorder. This test is based on the assessment of the patient's verbal behavior by an experienced clinician. Twenty subjects free of psychosis, severe withdrawal symptoms, and medical illness were, after detoxification, administered a test battery which included the TDRS, the Bender-Gestalt Test, and the Zung Self-rating Depression Scale (SDS). Five scored pathologically for thought disorder and of them four had abnormal Benders; whereas only two of 15 of those without thought disorder had abnormal Benders (t = 2.84, p < .01). Although SDS scores for both groups were in the depressed range, there was no significant difference between SDS means for the two groups. TDRS scores for these alcoholics are compared with those for other diagnosed groups, and implications for future investigation are discussed
— id: 36816, year: 1979, vol: 7, page: 245, stat: Journal Article,

Entering the alcohol outpatient service: application of a systems approach to patient drop-out
Galanter M; Panepinto W
1979 ;7(2):307-313, Currents in alcoholism
— id: 36815, year: 1979, vol: 7, page: 307, stat: Journal Article,

The "Moonies": a psychological study of conversion and membership in a contemporary religious sect
Galanter M; Rabkin R; Rabkin J; Deutsch A
1979 Feb;136(2):165-170, American journal of psychiatry
The authors undertook this study to enhance psychiatric understanding of contemporary charismatic religious sects. After a pilot study, a representative sample of members of the Unification Church (N = 237) completed a 216-item structured questionnaire. Respondents were below the mean for an age- and sex-matched group on a psychological general well-being scale, and they reported significantly greater neurotic distress before conversion. The authors discuss correlates of an improved emotional state following conversion and employ attribution theory, drawn from social psychology, to put the conversion process into a psychiatric perspective
— id: 36814, year: 1979, vol: 136, page: 165, stat: Journal Article,

Inpatient rehabilitation for the medically ill alcoholic
Galanter M; Schubmehl J; Adel HN; Sofer SC
1979 ;6(2):15-24, Currents in alcoholism
— id: 36818, year: 1979, vol: 6, page: 15, stat: Journal Article,

Drug and alcohol referrals from the general hospital. II. clinical management
Galanter M
Critical concerns in the field of drug abuse : proceedings of the Third National Drug Abuse Conference, New York, 1976 New York : Bekker, 1978,
— id: 3049, year: 1978, vol: , page: 912, stat: Chapter,

The "relief effect": a sociobiological model for neurotic distress and large-group therapy
Galanter M
1978 May;135(5):588-591, American journal of psychiatry
The author discusses the new discipline of sociobiology. He develops the hypothesis that relief of neurotic distress may be associated with experiencing social affiliation and presents data that demonstrate a decline in neurotic symptom intensity in individuals who joined a cohesive religious sect. Anthropological and ethological evidence for the adaptive value of this 'relief effect' provides a basis for the evolution of this trait. The author proposes a corresponding model for psychotherapy in large groups
— id: 36822, year: 1978, vol: 135, page: 588, stat: Journal Article,

The clinical application of cognitive labeling for addictive behavior
Galanter M
A multicultural view of drug abuse : proceedings of the National Drug Abuse Conference, 1977 Cambridge MA : Schenkman Pub, 1978,
— id: 3046, year: 1978, vol: , page: 305, stat: Chapter,

Evangelical religion and meditation: psychotherapeutic effects
Galanter M; Buckley P
1978 Oct;166(10):685-691, Journal of nervous & mental disease
— id: 36821, year: 1978, vol: 166, page: 685, stat: Journal Article,

Latter-day religion as a "treatment" for drug abuse : statistical analysis of survey data
Galanter M; Buckley P
Critical concerns in the field of drug abuse : proceedings of the Third National Drug Abuse Conference, New York, 1976 New York : Bekker, 1978,
— id: 3050, year: 1978, vol: , page: 222, stat: Chapter,

Drug and alcohol referrals from the general hospital. I: a multi-hospital program
Galanter M; Sexton B; Fried A
Critical concerns in the field of drug abuse : proceedings of the Third National Drug Abuse Conference, New York, 1976 New York : Bekker, 1978,
— id: 3048, year: 1978, vol: , page: 907, stat: Chapter,

Initiating alcoholism treatment on medical services
Galanter M
1977 ;1:405-417, Currents in alcoholism
— id: 36838, year: 1977, vol: 1, page: 405, stat: Journal Article,

Report on a national program for improving medical education in alcoholism
Galanter M
1977 ;2:225-232, Currents in alcoholism
— id: 36840, year: 1977, vol: 2, page: 225, stat: Journal Article,

Craft versus profession in alcoholism treatment
Galanter M
1976 Nov;133(11):1345-1346, American journal of psychiatry
— id: 36823, year: 1976, vol: 133, page: 1345, stat: Journal Article,

The "intoxication state of consciousness": a model for alcohol and drug abuse
Galanter M
1976 Jun;133(6):634-640, American journal of psychiatry
The author describes a model of intoxicant use based on altered states of consciousness and reviews his own and others' research on marijuana to illustrate the utility of this model, which is derived from both introspective reports and observed data. The relationship of social behavior and cognitive functioning to the 'intoxication state of consciousness' is discussed. This state of consciousness may have an adaptive value in engendering and stabilizing social cohesion. Possible treatment implications include cognitive labeling of cues that precipitate episodes of abuse, training for moderated drug use while patients are intoxicated, and providing abusers with altered consciousness through other means, such as meditation
— id: 36827, year: 1976, vol: 133, page: 634, stat: Journal Article,

Alcohol and drug abuse consultation in the general hospital: a systems approach
Galanter M; Karsu TB; Wilder JF
1976 Aug;133(8):930-934, American journal of psychiatry
The authors describe a program that is directed at assuring effective treatment and referral for alcoholic and addicted patients in a general hospital; the program was developed to assure maximal utlization of available addiction treatment facilities without adding to the hospital staff. Drawing on systems theory, the authors review both a pragmatic and a conceptual basis for psychiatric intervention with paraprofessional support to provide consultation to the general medical staff who treat alcoholic and addicted patients. They stress the feasibility of altering the nature of the hospital system to achieve more effective treatment for these patients
— id: 36826, year: 1976, vol: 133, page: 930, stat: Journal Article,

Marijuana intoxication: interaction between physiologic effects and subjective experience
Galanter M; Wyatt RJ; Lemberger L; Weingartner H; Vaughan TB; Roth WT
The scientific study of marihuana Chicago : Nelson-Hall, 1976,
— id: 3045, year: 1976, vol: , page: 171, stat: Chapter,

Alcoholism treatment in clinical practice
Keeley KA; Galanter M
1976 Sep;74(9):461-465, Journal of the Kentucky Medical Association
— id: 36824, year: 1976, vol: 74, page: 461, stat: Journal Article,

Tetrahydrocannabinol (THC): metabolism and subjective effects
Stillman R; Galanter M; Lemberger L; Fox S; Weingartner H; Wyatt RJ
1976 Aug 15;19(4):569-576, Life sciences
— id: 36825, year: 1976, vol: 19, page: 569, stat: Journal Article,

Illicit methadone abuse
Langrod J; Galanter M; Lowinson J
Developments in the field of drug abuse Cambridge MA : Schenkman Pub. Co, 1975,
— id: 3044, year: 1975, vol: , page: ?, stat: Chapter,

Marihuana and social behavior; a controlled study
Galanter M; Stillman R; Wyatt RJ; Vaughan TB; Weingartner H; Nurnberg FL
1974 Apr;30(4):518-521, Archives of general psychiatry
— id: 36828, year: 1974, vol: 30, page: 518, stat: Journal Article,

9 -Transtetrahydrocannabinol and natural marihuana. A controlled comparison
Galanter M; Weingartner H; Vaughan TB; Roth WT; Wyatt RJ
1973 Feb;28(2):278-281, Archives of general psychiatry
— id: 36830, year: 1973, vol: 28, page: 278, stat: Journal Article,

Marijuana and synthetic 9-trans-tetrahydrocannabinol: some effects on the auditory evoked response and background EEG in humans
Roth WT; Galanter M; Weingartner H; Vaughan TB; Wyatt RJ
1973 Jun;6(3):221-233, Biological psychiatry
— id: 36829, year: 1973, vol: 6, page: 221, stat: Journal Article,

L5-hydroxytryptophan and chronic schizophrenia: a preliminary study
Wyatt RJ; Vaughan TB; Kaplan J; Galanter M; Green RS
Serotonin and behavior New York : Academic Press, 1973,
— id: 3043, year: 1973, vol: , page: 487, stat: Chapter,

Effects on humans of 9 -tetrahydrocannabinol administered by smoking
Galanter M; Wyatt RJ; Lemberger L; Weingartner H; Vaughan TB; Roth WT
1972 May 26;176(37):934-936, Science
— id: 36832, year: 1972, vol: 176, page: 934, stat: Journal Article,

Behavioral changes of chronic schizophrenic patients given L-5-hydroxytryptophan
Wyatt RJ; Vaughan T; Galanter M; Kaplan J; Green R
1972 Sep 22;177(54):1124-1126, Science
— id: 36831, year: 1972, vol: 177, page: 1124, stat: Journal Article,