Barry S Leitman, M.D.

Wavelet compression of low-dose chest CT data: effect on lung nodule detection
Ko, Jane P; Rusinek, Henry; Naidich, David P; McGuinness, Georgeann; Rubinowitz, Ami N; Leitman, Barry S; Martino, Jennifer M
2003 Jul;228(1):70-75, Radiology
PURPOSE: To assess the effect of using a lossy Joint Photographic Experts Group standard for wavelet image compression, JPEG2000, on pulmonary nodule detection at low-dose computed tomography (CT). MATERIALS AND METHODS: One hundred sets of lung CT data ('cases') were compressed to 30:1, 20:1, and 10:1 levels by using a wavelet-based JPEG2000 method, resulting in 400 test cases. Each case consisted of nine 1.25-mm sections that had been obtained with 20-40 mAs. Four thoracic radiologists independently interpreted the test case images. Performance was measured by using area under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve (Az) and conventional sensitivity and specificity analyses. RESULTS: There were 51 cases with and 49 without lung nodules. Az values were 0.984, 0.988, 0.972, 0.921, respectively, for original and 10:1, 20:1, and 30:1 compressed images. Az values decreased significantly at 30:1 (P =.014) but not at 10:1 compression, with a trend toward significant decrease at 20:1 (P =.051). Specificity values were unaffected by compression (>98.0% at all compression levels). Sensitivity values were 86.3% (176 of 204 test cases with nodules), 77.9% (159 of 204 cases), 76.5% (156 of 204 cases), and 70.1% (143 of 204 cases), respectively, for original and 10:1, 20:1, and 30:1 compressed images. Results of logistic regression model analysis confirmed the significant effects of compression rate and nodule attenuation, size, and location on sensitivity (P <.05). CONCLUSION: While no reduction in nodule detection at 10:1 compression levels was demonstrated by using ROC analysis, a significant decrease in sensitivity was identified. Further investigation is needed before widespread use of image compression technology in low-dose chest CT can be recommended
— id: 43799, year: 2003, vol: 228, page: 70, stat: Journal Article,

Chest radiograph interpretation skills of anesthesiologists
Kaufman B; Dhar P; O'Neill DK; Leitman B; Fermon CM; Wahlander SB; Sutin KM
2001 Dec;15(6):680-683, Journal of cardiothoracic & vascular anesthesia
OBJECTIVE: To assess the skills of anesthesiologists in the interpretation of chest radiographs. DESIGN: Randomized evaluation conducted among anesthesiologists and radiologists. SETTING: Postgraduate Assembly of the New York State Society of Anesthesiologists in 1999, and the Department of Radiology, New York University Medical Center. PARTICIPANTS: A total of 61 anesthesiologists (48 attending physicians; 13 residents); control group of 8 radiology residents (all participants volunteered). INTERVENTIONS: After completing a demographic survey, participants were asked to review a series of 10 chest radiographs. A brief clinical scenario accompanied each radiograph. No time limit was set for these interpretations. Measurements and Main Results: The demographic characteristics of the anesthesiology participants included university faculty (46%), private group practitioners (41%), independent practitioners (11%), and 1 participant with an unspecified type of practice. Additional training among the participants included internal medicine (31%), surgery (19%), and pediatrics (3%); 34% did not specify any additional training. Of the participants, 92% were involved in cases requiring general anesthesia; 96% managed patients in the recovery room; and 34% managed patients in the intensive care unit. Of participants, 80% usually order chest radiographs, but only 42% interpret the films themselves. Misdiagnosed radiographs included pneumothorax by 11% of participants, free air under the diaphragm by 41%, bronchial perforation from a nasogastric tube by 28%, right mainstem intubation by 20%, superior vena cava perforation from a central venous catheter by 31%, normal film by 75%, negative pressure pulmonary edema by 16%, left lower lobe collapse by 80%, pulmonary infarction from a pulmonary artery catheter by 29%, and tension pneumothorax by 41%. Overall scores of the attending physicians were not significantly different from that of residents (p > 0.05). The control group of radiology residents scored significantly better (mean, 83.7; p = 0.009) than the anesthesia residents (mean, 62.8) and anesthesia attending physicians (mean, 62.5). CONCLUSION: Anesthesiologists are deficient in skills for the interpretation of chest radiographs. The skill level of university-based physicians is not greater than physicians in private practice, and skill level does not improve with level of training or experience. Most anesthesiologists rely on radiologists for interpretative results. Further training during the residency years may help improve diagnostic skills
— id: 26533, year: 2001, vol: 15, page: 680, stat: Journal Article,

Environmentally conscious film masking system for mammography
Funt SA; Samii M; Leitman BS
1998 May;170(5):1398-1398, American journal of roentgenology
— id: 7570, year: 1998, vol: 170, page: 1398, stat: Journal Article,

Pulmonary nodule detection: low-dose versus conventional CT
Rusinek H; Naidich DP; McGuinness G; Leitman BS; McCauley DI; Krinsky GA; Clayton K; Cohen H
1998 Oct;209(1):243-249, Radiology
PURPOSE: To quantitate the effectiveness of low-dose computed tomography (CT) in the identification of pulmonary nodules while controlling for anatomic nodule characteristics and to establish what factors lead to reduced diagnostic sensitivity at low-dose CT. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Each of six participating radiologist independently rated 200 image panels by using a four-point confidence scale. Conventional images were obtained at 200 mAs; low-dose images were obtained at 20 mAs. To fully control their characteristics, nodules were simulated with a given diameter, shape, and section thickness while preserving the resolution, noise level, and reconstruction artifacts of the original images. Panels were matched so that nodules on low-dose and conventional images had equivalent sizes, locations, and relationships to blood vessels. RESULTS: Among 864 positive panels, 259 (60%) of 432 low-dose panels and 272 (63%) of 432 conventional panels were correctly interpreted (P = .259). Lowering the x-ray dose significantly reduced the detectability of peripheral nodules (P = .019) and nodules separated from blood vessels (P = .044). Surprisingly, 3-mm nodules were detected with approximately equal sensitivity (P = .181) at conventional and low-dose CT. The specificity of low-dose images was 88% (148 of 168 panels) versus 91% (153 of 168 panels) for conventional images (P = .372). CONCLUSION: Low-dose CT is acceptable for pulmonary nodule identification, making it suitable for primary screening. These results confirm the strong effect of size, location, and angiocentricity on the sensitivity of nodule detection with conventional CT
— id: 7773, year: 1998, vol: 209, page: 243, stat: Journal Article,

Diffuse lung disease: assessment with helical CT--preliminary observations of the role of maximum and minimum intensity projection images [see comments]
Bhalla M; Naidich DP; McGuinness G; Gruden JF; Leitman BS; McCauley DI
1996 Aug;200(2):341-347, Radiology
PURPOSE: To evaluate assessment of diffuse lung disease with helical computed tomography (CT) and maximum intensity projection (MIP) and minimum intensity projection images. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Six patients with suspected lung disease (the control group) and 20 patients with documented disease underwent axial helical CT through the upper and lower lung fields. Findings on the MIP and minimum intensity projection images of each helical data set were compared with findings on the thin-section scan obtained at the midplane of the series. RESULTS: Owing to markedly improved visualization of peripheral pulmonary vessels (n = 26) and improved spatial orientation, MIP images were superior to helical scans to help identify pulmonary nodules and characterize them as peribronchovascular (n = 2) or centrilobular (n = 7). Minimum intensity projection images were more accurate than thin-section scans to help identify lumina of central airways (n = 23) and define abnormal low (n = 15) and high (ground-glass) (n = 8) lung attenuation. Conventional thin-section scans depicted fine linear structures more clearly than either MIP or minimum intensity projection images, including the walls of peripheral, dilated airways (n = 3) and interlobular septa (n = 3). MIP and minimum intensity projection images added additional diagnostic findings to those on thin-section scans in 13 (65%) of 20 cases. CONCLUSION: MIP and minimum intensity projection images of helical data sets may help diagnosis of a wide spectrum of diffuse lung diseases
— id: 6982, year: 1996, vol: 200, page: 341, stat: Journal Article,

Intraaortic mass after repair of an aortic dissection
Rosenzweig BP; Colvin SB; Leitman BS; Kronzon I
1996 Jan-Feb;9(1):100-103, Journal of the American Society of Echocardiography
After graft repair of an ascending aortic aneurysm, a patient was seen by us with a chest x-ray film indicating a retained foreign body. Mediastinal exploration had been unrevealing. Transesophageal echocardiography demonstrated the nature and exact location of the foreign body and therefore was instrumental in directing its retrieval
— id: 12694, year: 1996, vol: 9, page: 100, stat: Journal Article,

Unusual lymphoproliferative disorders in nine adults with HIV or AIDS: CT and pathologic findings
McGuinness G; Scholes JV; Jagirdar JS; Lubat E; Leitman BS; Bhalla M; McCauley DI; Garay SM; Naidich DP
1995 Oct;197(1):59-65, Radiology
PURPOSE: To identify characteristic computed tomographic (CT) findings in unusual pulmonary lymphoproliferative disorders seen in adults with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) or acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). MATERIALS AND METHODS: The authors retrospectively reviewed the CT scans and pathologic specimens from nine patients with pulmonary lymphoproliferative disorders. CT scans were evaluated for nodules, reticulation, areas of ground-glass attenuation, consolidation, and bronchial disease. Changes seen in pathologic specimens were classified as consistent with classic lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis (LIP), mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue lymphoma (MALTOMA), or atypical lymphoproliferative disorder (ALD). Immunopathologic results were reviewed when available. RESULTS: Eight patients had AIDS. Five patients had classic LIP. One patient had MALTOMA, and three patients had ALD. Altogether, 2-4-mm-diameter nodules were the predominant CT finding in eight patients; these were peribronchovascular in four patients. The presence of interstitial nodules correlated with the pathologic finding of nodular disease in seven patients. CONCLUSION: Familiarity with these AIDS-related disorders and their CT appearance should assist in the differential diagnosis
— id: 6844, year: 1995, vol: 197, page: 59, stat: Journal Article,

Cytomegalovirus pneumonitis: spectrum of parenchymal CT findings with pathologic correlation in 21 AIDS patients
McGuinness G; Scholes JV; Garay SM; Leitman BS; McCauley DI; Naidich DP
1994 Aug;192(2):451-459, Radiology
PURPOSE: To identify characteristic features of cytomegalovirus (CMV) pneumonitis at computed tomography (CT), particularly markers that may help differentiate CMV from Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Bronchoalveolar lavage (BAL) and biopsy results in 21 patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome, cytopathologic evidence of CMV infection without other infections, and available CT scans were retrospectively evaluated. CT findings were correlated with radiographic and pathologic findings when available. RESULTS: BAL findings were positive for CMV in only six cases, 13 patients had extrathoracic CMV infection, and 10 had Kaposi sarcoma. CT findings included ground-glass attenuation, dense consolidation, bronchial wall thickening or bronchiectasis, and interstitial reticulation without air-space disease (12 patients had discrete pulmonary nodules or masses). Biopsy revealed air-space disease as the dominant process in eight cases. Histopathologic findings correlated well with CT appearances. CONCLUSION: CMV pneumonitis should be suspected in patients with either extrathoracic CMV or documented Kaposi sarcoma, especially when radiographic or CT evidence of pulmonary nodules or masses exists
— id: 6452, year: 1994, vol: 192, page: 451, stat: Journal Article,

AIDS associated bronchiectasis: CT features
McGuinness G; Naidich DP; Garay S; Leitman BS; McCauley DI
1993 Mar-Apr;17(2):260-266, Journal of computer assisted tomography
The occurrence of bronchiectasis has only rarely been noted among the protean manifestations of HIV infection in the lungs. We retrospectively identified bronchiectasis on CT scans in 12 HIV + and/or AIDS patients in the absence of either documented mycobacterial infection or a history of prior recurrent pyogenic infection. Pneumonitis was documented in 10 of 12 cases. In eight cases, bronchiectasis was associated with episodes of pyogenic infection; four of these patients also had documented opportunistic infections, including three cases of Pneumocystis carinii pneumonia (PCP). Two patients had infection due solely to PCP. In two cases, bronchiectasis was found in association with one case each of lymphocytic interstitial pneumonitis and nonspecific interstitial pneumonitis, respectively. Although the true incidence of bronchiectasis in this population remains to be established, in our experience bronchiectasis should be considered among the varied pulmonary manifestations of HIV infection. Furthermore, the seemingly rapid development and extent of bronchiectasis in this population suggest an accelerated form of the disease
— id: 8061, year: 1993, vol: 17, page: 260, stat: Journal Article,

Bronchiectasis: CT evaluation
McGuinness G; Naidich DP; Leitman BS; McCauley DI
1993 Feb;160(2):253-259, American journal of roentgenology
CT is the imaging method of choice after standard chest radiography for examining patients with suspected bronchiectasis. In most institutions throughout the world, CT has largely eliminated the need for bronchography in the diagnosis of bronchiectasis. Nonetheless, controversy persists concerning the overall accuracy of CT. In an effort to improve overall diagnostic accuracy, we review the wide range of CT appearances of this protean disorder, and emphasize potential problems and technical pitfalls that may arise in routine clinical imaging
— id: 13274, year: 1993, vol: 160, page: 253, stat: Journal Article,

Variables affecting pulmonary nodule detection with computed tomography: evaluation with three-dimensional computer simulation
Naidich DP; Rusinek H; McGuinness G; Leitman B; McCauley DI; Henschke CI
1993 Fall;8(4):291-299, Journal of thoracic imaging
To meaningfully evaluate factors determining the overall accuracy of computed tomography (CT) for identifying pulmonary nodules, computer-generated nodules were superimposed on normal CT scans and interpreted independently by three experienced chest radiologists. Variables evaluated included nodule size, shape, number, density, location, edge characteristics, and relationship to adjacent vessels, as well as technical factors, including slice thickness and electronic windowing. The overall sensitivity in identifying nodules was 62% and the specificity was 80%. On average, the observers identified 56, 67, and 63% of nodules on 1.5-, 5-, and 10-mm-thick sections, respectively (p = 0.037). Nodules were more difficult to identify on 1.5-mm-thick sections. On average, observers identified 1, 48, 82, and 91% of nodules < 1.5, < 3, < 4.5, and < 7 mm in diameter, respectively (p < 0.001). Other factors that made a significant contribution (p < 0.01) in identifying nodules, as determined by linear discriminant function analysis, included nodule location, angiocentricity, and density. We concluded that computer-generated nodules can be used to assess a large number of imaging variables. We anticipate that this approach will be of considerable utility in assessing the accuracy of interpretation of a wide range of pathologic entities as well as in optimizing three-dimensional scan protocols within the thorax
— id: 56568, year: 1993, vol: 8, page: 291, stat: Journal Article,

The left atrial catheter: its uses and complications
Leitman BS; Naidich DP; McGuinness G; McCauley DI
1992 Nov;185(2):611-612, Radiology
The authors describe the radiographic appearance of the left atrial catheter, a widely used postsurgical intracardiac device. Recognition of the characteristic appearance of this catheter should be of value in detection of potential complications, including line fracture with resultant retention and/or embolization, infection, prosthetic valve dysfunction, and even cardiac tamponade
— id: 13380, year: 1992, vol: 185, page: 611, stat: Journal Article,

High resolution CT findings in miliary lung disease
McGuinness G; Naidich DP; Jagirdar J; Leitman B; McCauley DI
1992 May-Jun;16(3):384-390, Journal of computer assisted tomography
High-resolution CT (HRCT) and chest radiographs were compared in nine patients with miliary lung disease. In all cases, miliary disease was documented to be infectious in etiology; six of these patients proved to be human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive. A mixture of both sharply and poorly defined 1-3 mm nodules was seen in all cases, many of the latter having an appearance indistinguishable from airspace nodules. Other features attributable to the presence of nodules included nodular interlobular septae, nodular irregularity of vessels, subpleural dots, and studded fissures. Diffuse intra- and interlobular septal thickening also proved common, seen in all but one case (91%). Based on limited HRCT-pathologic correlation, CT findings appear primarily to be due to granulomatous foci developing in a seemingly random distribution involving both pulmonary airspaces as well as the interstitium. It is concluded that in the appropriate clinical setting this constellation of findings is characteristic of miliary disease; the role of HRCT especially in the early diagnosis of miliary disease in HIV positive patients remains to be determined prospectively
— id: 13608, year: 1992, vol: 16, page: 384, stat: Journal Article,

CYSTIC-FIBROSIS - SCORING SYSTEM WITH THIN-SECTION CT
Bhalla, M; Turcios, N; Aponte, V; Jenkins, M; Leitman, BS; Mccauley, DI; Naidich, DP
1991 Jun;179(3):783-788, Radiology
The progression of lung disease in patients with cystic fibrosis (CF) was evaluated with chest radiography. The severity and extent of the various radiographic changes were scored with the Chrispin or the Birmingham method, which involves the use of imprecise and subjective terms, such as line shadows, large pulmonary shadows, and nodular cystic lesions. Although computed tomography (CT) has been shown to be helpful in the evaluation of lung disease in CF, no scoring system or other objective criteria have been developed for the evaluation of the wide range of pulmonary changes in these patients. A CT scoring system was devised that incorporates all of the changes seen in the lungs of patients with CF. Such a scoring system may facilitate objective evaluation of existing and newly developed therapeutic regimens and may be a valuable tool in the preoperative evaluation of patients being considered for lobectomy or bullectomy and in the selection of patients for lung transplantation
— id: 32176, year: 1991, vol: 179, page: 783, stat: Journal Article,

Imaging of the intensive care unit patient
Wiener MD; Garay SM; Leitman BS; Wiener DN; Ravin CE
1991 Mar;12(1):169-198, Clinics in chest medicine
Despite advances in 'high tech,' it is anticipated that plain chest film radiography will continue to play a significant role in the management of patients in the ICU. Digital radiography will most likely displace conventional approaches. As demonstrated throughout this article, CT has played an increasingly important role in the evaluation of the critically ill patient. The results are especially impressive, because most were obtained on earlier-generation CT machines, which are now totally outdated. Newer scanners have many technical improvements, including rapid scanning, which permits breathholding, and thin-section scanning, which has been discussed in great detail throughout this volume. Whether MR imaging will play an important role in ICU care remains to be determined
— id: 34070, year: 1991, vol: 12, page: 169, stat: Journal Article,

LUNG HERNIA - RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES
BHALLA, M; LEITMAN, BS; FORCADE, C; STERN, E; NAIDICH, DP; MCCAULEY, DI
1990 JAN ;154(1):51-53, American journal of roentgenology
— id: 51515, year: 1990, vol: 154, page: 51, stat: Journal Article,

Counting ribs on chest CT
Bhalla, M; McCauley, D I; Golimbu, C; Leitman, B S; Naidich, D P
1990 Jul-Aug;14(4):590-594, Journal of computer assisted tomography
— id: 101741, year: 1990, vol: 14, page: 590, stat: Journal Article,

PNEUMOMEDIASTINUM AND PNEUMOPERICARDIUM AFTER COCAINE ABUSE
Leitman, BS; Greengart, A; Wasser, HJ
1988 Sep;151(3):614-614, American journal of roentgenology
— id: 31465, year: 1988, vol: 151, page: 614, stat: Journal Article,

COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY OF PECTORAL FLAPS
LEITMAN, BS; NAIDICH, DP; MCCAULEY, DI
1988 MAY-JUN ;12(3):392-393, Journal of computer assisted tomography
— id: 51356, year: 1988, vol: 12, page: 392, stat: Journal Article,

Radiographic manifestations of pulmonary disease in the acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)
Naidich DP; Garay SM; Leitman BS; McCauley DI
1987 Jan;22(1):14-30, Seminars in roentgenology
— id: 34074, year: 1987, vol: 22, page: 14, stat: Journal Article,

The Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome: radiographic features
Leitman BS; Balthazar EJ; Garay SM; Naidich DP; McCauley DI
1986 Mar;37(1):42-45, Canadian Association of Radiologists journal
We present the radiologic features of four patients proven to have Hermansky-Pudlak syndrome. All four patients had evidence of pulmonary involvement characterized by a progressive, diffuse, bilateral interstitial fibrosis. Extensive bullous changes were seen in one patient. Two patients with evidence of diffuse colitis exhibited an asymmetrical pattern of focal, superficial, and deep ulcerations similar to that of Crohn's disease. The association of these radiographic abnormalities with albinism, ocular abnormalities, bleeding diathesis, and Puerto Rican ancestry establishes the diagnosis
— id: 34078, year: 1986, vol: 37, page: 42, stat: Journal Article,

THE HERMANSKY-PUDLAK SYNDROME - RADIOGRAPHIC FEATURES
LEITMAN, BS; BALTHAZAR, EJ; GARAY, SM; NAIDICH, DP; MCCAULEY, DI
1986 MAR ;37(1):42-45, Journal of the Canadian Association of Radiologists
— id: 41578, year: 1986, vol: 37, page: 42, stat: Journal Article,

CT OF LOBAR COLLAPSE
NAIDICH, DP; ETTINGER, N; LEITMAN, BS; MCCAULEY, DI
1984 ;19(3):222-235, Seminars in roentgenology
— id: 41076, year: 1984, vol: 19, page: 222, stat: Journal Article,

Fibrobullous disease of the upper lobes: an extraskeletal manifestation of ankylosing spondylitis
Rumancik WM; Firooznia H; Davis MS Jr; Leitman BS; Golimbu C; Rafii M; McCauley DI
1984 Jul;8(3):225-229, Journal of computed tomography
Fibrobullous disease of the upper lobes of the lungs is a rare extraskeletal manifestation of ankylosing spondylitis, occurring in 1.3% of patients with ankylosing spondylitis. We present a patient with this disease, and discuss this pulmonary manifestation. Because the radiographic appearance of the chest in this disease resembles that in tuberculosis, many patients are misdiagnosed and treated for tuberculosis despite negative bacteriology. Computed tomography is useful in delineating the extent of pleural thickening, bullous changes, volume loss, parenchymal fibrosis, and bronchiectasis, as well as identifying or excluding an intracavitary pulmonary mycetoma
— id: 29076, year: 1984, vol: 8, page: 225, stat: Journal Article,

THE USE OF COMPUTED-TOMOGRAPHY IN THE ASSESSMENT OF CARDIAC MASSES
Andreou, J; Leitman, BS; Mccauley, DI; Gouliamos, A; Pontifex, G; Naidich, DP
1983 ;7(6):355-359, Computerized radiology
— id: 30590, year: 1983, vol: 7, page: 355, stat: Journal Article,

The use of computed tomography in evaluating chest wall pathology
Leitman BS; Firooznia H; McCauley DI; Ettenger NA; Reede DL; Golimbu CN; Rafii M; Naidich DP
1983 Nov;7(4):399-405, Journal of computed tomography
Forty-nine patients with chest wall lesions were evaluated by computed tomography (CT) and conventional radiography. Computed tomography was found to be indispensable for detecting and precisely localizing these lesions. It revealed unsuspected bone destruction and lung, pleural, and mediastinal involvement, as well as invasion of the spinal canal. In more than two thirds of the patients, CT provided additional information of clinical importance in management and, in one third, treatment was altered or the surgical approach modified because of the CT findings. Computed tomography is an essential diagnostic modality in evaluating chest wall lesions
— id: 29087, year: 1983, vol: 7, page: 399, stat: Journal Article,

Computed tomography of lobar collapse: 1. Endobronchial obstruction
Naidich, D P; McCauley, D I; Khouri, N F; Leitman, B S; Hulnick, D H; Siegelman, S S
1983 Oct;7(5):745-757, Journal of computer assisted tomography
The computed tomographic (CT) appearance of lobar collapse has yet to be defined. In an attempt to determine the characteristic appearance of collapse 95 cases were reviewed retrospectively in a wide variety of clinical settings over a 3 year period ending January 1983. In this report 38 cases of lobar collapse secondary to endobronchial occlusion are analyzed; the appearance of collapse without endobronchial obstruction forms the basis of a subsequent report. Computed tomography was accurate in determining the site of bronchial occlusion in all cases. In 36 of 38 cases collapse was caused by endobronchial tumors, including bronchogenic carcinoma, bronchial carcinoids, endobronchial metastases, and lymphoma. Differentiation between these tumors was not feasible with CT. Most cases of collapse were caused by central tumor. In those cases in which a bolus of contrast material was used differentiation between tumor mass and collapsed pulmonary parenchyma was possible. Two of 38 cases were found to have benign bronchial occlusion. In one case a mucous plug obstructing the left lower lobe bronchus was accurately defined. In another case a bronchial stricture occluded the right lower lobe bronchus. This represented the only false positive case in this series. It is concluded that CT is an accurate means for establishing the diagnosis of endobronchial obstruction. In most cases the diagnosis of neoplasia was possible, provided a bolus of contrast material was used to define tumor mass. The potential role of CT in evaluating patients with lobar collapse is discussed
— id: 106959, year: 1983, vol: 7, page: 745, stat: Journal Article,

Computed tomography of lobar collapse: 2. Collapse in the absence of endobronchial obstruction
Naidich, D P; McCauley, D I; Khouri, N F; Leitman, B S; Hulnick, D H; Siegelman, S S
1983 Oct;7(5):758-767, Journal of computer assisted tomography
The computed tomographic appearance of collapse without endobronchial obstruction is reviewed. These 57 cases were classified by the etiology of collapse. The largest group consisted of 29 patients with passive atelectasis, i.e., collapse secondary to fluid, air, or both in the pleural space. Twenty-three of 29 proved secondary to malignant pleural disease. Computed tomography accurately predicted a malignant etiology in 22 of 23 cases. The second largest group of patients had lobar collapse secondary to cicatrization from chronic inflammation. In all cases the underlying etiology was tuberculosis. Radiation caused adhesive atelectasis in six patients secondary to a lack of production of surfactant. In each case a sharp line of demarcation could be defined between normal and abnormal collapsed pulmonary parenchyma. Three cases of unchecked tumor growth caused a peripheral form of collapse (replacement atelectasis). This form of collapse was characterized by an absence of endobronchial obstruction and extensive tumor not delineated by the normal boundaries of the pulmonary lobes
— id: 106958, year: 1983, vol: 7, page: 758, stat: Journal Article,

Calcification and ossification of posterior longitudinal ligament of spine: its role in secondary narrowing of spinal canal and cord compression
Firooznia H; Benjamin VM; Pinto RS; Golimbu C; Rafii M; Leitman BS; McCauley DI
1982 Jul;82(8):1193-1198, New York state journal of medicine
— id: 29097, year: 1982, vol: 82, page: 1193, stat: Journal Article,

Multiple metallic pulmonary densities after therapeutic embolization
Leitman BS; Mc Cauley DI; Firooznia H
1982 Nov 5;248(17):2155-2156, JAMA
— id: 29094, year: 1982, vol: 248, page: 2155, stat: Journal Article,

Radiographic patterns of opportunistic lung infections and Kaposi sarcoma in homosexual men
McCauley, D I; Naidich, D P; Leitman, B S; Reede, D L; Laubenstein, L
1982 Oct;139(4):653-658, American journal of roentgenology
Thirty patients with lung involvement with Pneumocystis carinii and other opportunistic organisms, many of whom also had Kaposi sarcoma, were seen from December 1980 through March 1982. Clinical manifestations consisted of a prodrome of weeks to months with weight loss, fever, and malaise. When clinical pneumonia became apparent, four distinct radiographic patterns were identified. Pneumocystis carinii was uniformly present, and the most common pattern encountered was a relatively symmetric, homogeneous perihilar pneumonia that progressed to diffuse consolidation. Asymmetric and focal infiltrates were seen in patients who proved to have concomitant opportunistic infection, most commonly fungal in all but two cases. A third pattern of nodular and linear densities with or without adenopathy was seen in patients without pneumonia who had biopsy-positive Kaposi sarcoma involving the lung parenchyma. A fourth pattern represented a combination of any of the first three, and these patients had multiple infections as well as Kaposi sarcoma in the lung. Any significant change in the radiograph indicating progression of disease while on therapy prompted a rebiopsy, and in five of 10 patients other infections and/or Kaposi sarcoma were identified
— id: 112542, year: 1982, vol: 139, page: 653, stat: Journal Article,