Naomi Hallden Harley, Ph.D.

Residential radon remediation: performance over 17 years
Harley, Naomi H; Chittaporn, Passaporn; Marsicano, Anthony
2011 ;145(2-3):194-197, Radiation protection dosimetry
An exploratory radon measurement in 1990 identified 190 Bq m(-3) in the basement of a newly built home in Central New Jersey. Subsequently, the owner had a sub-slab remediation system installed in the basement, i.e. PVC duct through the basement floor connecting to an exhaust fan venting to the house roof. Sequential radon measurements began in 1992 using the NYU alpha-track detector. The homeowner wanted to insure the long-term durability of this remedial system. Seventeen years of measurements show the system functioned properly and reduced an established baseline concentration of 370+/-8, 56+/-1 and 67+/-1 Bq m(-3) for the basement, first and second floors, respectively, to an average of 19+/-4, 13+/-3 and 10+/-0.1 Bq m(-3). The last measurement, 2007-2008, with a newer NYU detector measured both (222)Rn (radon) and (220)Rn (thoron). The basement thoron concentration was 1.5+/-0.9 Bq m(-3) or about 8 % of the (222)Rn value
— id: 132581, year: 2011, vol: 145, page: 194, stat: Journal Article,

Thoron: its metrology, health effects and implications for radon epidemiology: a summary of roundtable discussions
Akiba, S; Tokonami, S; Bochicchio, F; McLaughlin, J; Tommasino, L; Harley, N
2010 Nov;141(4):477-481, Radiation protection dosimetry
A roundtable discussion was made at the end of the workshop. All the presentations were summarised in this discussion. It involved measurement techniques, quality assurance and dose assessment and health effects of thoron and its progeny. In particular, major epidemiological studies may be affected by thoron interference in radon measurements. Since their data are not sufficient when compared with that of radon, further efforts in thoron studies will be needed
— id: 126520, year: 2010, vol: 141, page: 477, stat: Journal Article,

Measurement of the indoor and outdoor (220)Rn (thoron) equilibrium factor: application to lung dose
Harley, N; Chittaporn, P; Medora, R; Merrill, R
2010 Nov;141(4):357-362, Radiation protection dosimetry
A miniature four-chamber alpha track detector was developed that measures both (222)Rn (radon) and (220)Rn (thoron), in duplicate. Using this detector and the previous long-term measurements of the (220)Rn decay products (212)Pb, and (212)Bi, an equilibrium factor, F(eq), is derived for both outdoor and indoor (220)Rn environments (0.004+/-0.001 outdoors and 0.04+/-0.01 indoors). The lung airway dose can then be calculated from a dose factor from UNSCEAR that requires the equilibrium equivalent thoron concentration (EEC), i.e. the product of F(eq) and the (220)Rn gas concentration. The lung dose from thoron in domestic or occupational surveys is often overlooked. The values of F(eq) for thoron in several published studies are in general agreement with the values reported here. Thus, a long-term alpha track measurement of thoron multiplied by an appropriate indoor or outdoor equilibrium factor yields the EEC, which can be used to assess bronchial lung dose
— id: 114046, year: 2010, vol: 141, page: 357, stat: Journal Article,

EMPLOYEE EXPOSURE TO 222Rn AND 220Rn IN THREE FISH CULTURE STATIONS IN PENNSYLVANIA
Lewis, Robert K; Harley, Naomi H
2010 Mar;98(3):466-470, Health physics
Employee exposures to Rn and Rn were measured in three Commonwealth fish hatcheries using specially designed personal dosimeters to determine whether remediation might be necessary. Employees utilizing the hatch house would wear the dosimeter and keep track of their time in the hatch house. Area detectors were also deployed full time in each hatch house. Exposure measurements were compared to U.S. Nuclear Regulatory Commission, U.S. Environmental Protection Agency, and Occupational Safety and Health Administration exposure limits. All measured employee exposures to Rn and Rn were very low and well below currently established regulatory limits. However, hatch house radon concentrations are significantly elevated above the U.S. Environmental Protection Agency residential guideline of 148 Bq m
— id: 106600, year: 2010, vol: 98, page: 466, stat: Journal Article,

Radiation toxicology
Harley NH
General and applied toxicology [S.l.] : Wiley, 2009,
— id: 5025, year: 2009, vol: , page: ?, stat: Chapter,

Radon and daughters
Harley NH
Environmental toxicants : human exposures and their health effects Hoboken NJ : John Wiley, 2009,
— id: 5019, year: 2009, vol: , page: ?, stat: Chapter,

Radon and leukemia in the danish study: another source of dose
Harley, Naomi H; Robbins, Edith S
2009 Oct;97(4):343-347, Health physics
An epidemiologic study of childhood leukemia in Denmark (2,400 cases; 6,697 controls) from 1968 to 1994 suggested a weak, but statistically significant, association of residential radon exposure and acute childhood lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL). The Danish study estimated a relative risk (RR) = 1.56 (95% CI, 1.05-2.30) for a cumulative exposure of 1,000 Bq m-3 y. For an exposure duration of 10 y their RR corresponds to a radon concentration of 100 Bq m-3. There are two dose pathways of interest where alpha particles could damage potential stem cells for ALL. One is the alpha dose to bone marrow, and two is the dose to bronchial mucosa where an abundance of circulating lymphocytes is found. Compared with an exposure of about 1 mSv y-1 from natural external background, radon and decay products contribute an additional 10 to 60% to the bone marrow equivalent dose. The other pathway for exposure of T (or B) lymphocytes is within the tracheobronchial epithelium (BE). Inhaled radon decay products deposit on the relatively small area of airway surfaces and deliver a significant dose to the nearby basal or mucous cells implicated in human lung cancer. Lymphocytes are co-located with basal cells and are half as abundant. Using a 10-y exposure to 100 Bq m-3, our dose estimates suggest that the equivalent dose to these lymphocytes could approach 1 Sv. The relatively high dose estimate to lymphocytes circulating through the BE, potential precursor cells for ALL, provides a dose pathway for an association
— id: 102164, year: 2009, vol: 97, page: 343, stat: Journal Article,

Toxic effects of radiation and radioactivity
Harley NH
Casarett and Doull's toxicology : the basic science of poisons New York : McGraw-Hill, 2008,
— id: 5497, year: 2008, vol: , page: ?, stat: Chapter,

Radon carcinogenesis: risk data and cellular hits
Harley, Naomi H; Chittaporn, Passaporn; Heikkinen, Maire S A; Meyers, Owen A; Robbins, Edith S
2008 ;130(1):107-109, Radiation protection dosimetry
Abundant epidemiological data are now available (2008) on the human lung cancer response for lifetime radon gas exposure to residential concentrations of 100 Bq m(-3), equal to 22 working level months over 40 y. We combined published pooled epidemiological data and dosimetric calculations of alpha particle hits to target basal or mucous cell nuclei in bronchial epithelium. This yields an estimate that about 10,000 basal nuclei (target) cell hits per cm2 per person over a lifetime are involved in radon-related lung cancer. The DNA target cell area (cross section) for a hit is about 2 bp. The present epidemiology indicates that 1000 persons need to be exposed to this hit rate for observable cancers to be detected. The mechanism proposed is that the extensive prior DNA damage in smokers, followed by alpha particle damage to a critical site in checkpoint genes, accounts for the greater lung cancer response in smokers
— id: 93301, year: 2008, vol: 130, page: 107, stat: Journal Article,

Statospheric radon measurements in three North American locations
Fisenne IM; Machta L; Harley NH
2005 ;7:715-721, Radioactivity in the environment
— id: 98965, year: 2005, vol: 7, page: 715, stat: Journal Article,

Radon and thoron in the environment
Harley NH
Aerosols handbook : measurement, dosimetry, and health effects Boca Raton FL : CRC Press, 2005,
— id: 5018, year: 2005, vol: , page: 569, stat: Chapter,

Outdoor radon and thoron in the U.S., Canada, Finland and Thailand
Harley NH; Chittaporn P; Heikkinen M; Merrill R; Medora R
2005 ;7:670-677, Radioactivity in the environment
— id: 98963, year: 2005, vol: 7, page: 670, stat: Journal Article,

Airborne particle size distribution measurements at USDOE Fernald
Harley NH; Chittaporn P; Heikkinen MSA; Medora R; Merrill R
2005 ;904:342-350, ACS symposium series
— id: 98966, year: 2005, vol: 904, page: 342, stat: Journal Article,

Thoron versus radon : measurement and dosimetry
Harley NH; Chittaporn P; Merrill R; Medora R; Wanitsooksumbut W
High levels of natural radiation and radon areas : radiation dose and health effects / San Diego, CA : Elsevier, 2005,
— id: 5026, year: 2005, vol: , page: 72, stat: Chapter,

Examining Possible Causes of Gulf War Illness : RAND Policy Investigations and Reviews of the Scientific Literature
Hilborne, Lee H; Golomb, Beatrice A; Marshall, Grant N; Davis, Nois N; Sherbourne, Cathy D; Augerson, William; Spektor, Dalia M; Harley, Naomi; Foulkes, Ernest; Hudson, Arlene; Anthony, C. Ross; Cecchine, Gary; Marlowe, David H; Rettig, Richard; Fricker, Ronald D; Reardon, Elaine; Cotton, Sarah K; Hawes-Dawson, Jennifer; Pace, Jennifer E; Hosek, Susan D
Santa Monica CA : Rand, 2005,
This research brief outlines assistance that RAND provided to the OSAGWI in investigating the health effects of eight areas of possible causes of illness: infectious diseases, pyridostigmine bromide, immunizations, wartime stress, chemical and biological warfare agents, oil well fires, depleted uranium, and pesticides
— id: 1324, year: 2005, vol: , page: , stat: ,

Dose to the fetus from 222Rn in maternal drinking water
Robbins ES; Harley NH
2005 ;7:749-755, Radioactivity in the environment
— id: 98964, year: 2005, vol: 7, page: 749, stat: Journal Article,

Aerosols handbook : measurement, dosimetry, and health effects
Ruzer, Lev S; Harley, Naomi H
Boca Raton FL : CRC Press, 2005,
— id: 1323, year: 2005, vol: , page: , stat: ,

Indoor and outdoor thoron decay product equilibrium at Fernald, OH, New York City, and New Jersey
Chittaporn, P; Harley, NH; Medora, R; Merrill, R
2003 JUN ;84(6):S199-S199, Health physics
— id: 38549, year: 2003, vol: 84, page: S199, stat: Journal Article,

Indoor thoron profiles at Fernald, OH, and a New Jersey home
Harley, NH; Chittaporn, P; Medora, R; Merrill, R
2003 JUN ;84(6):S199-S199, Health physics
— id: 38550, year: 2003, vol: 84, page: S199, stat: Journal Article,

Tumors and other diseases following childhood x-ray treatment for ringworm of the scalp (Tinea capitis)
Shore, Roy E; Moseson, Miriam; Harley, Naomi; Pasternack, Bernard S
2003 Oct;85(4):404-408, Health physics
The objective of the study is to characterize the risk of tumors from radiation exposure to the head and neck. A cohort of 2,224 children given x-ray treatment and 1,380 given only topical medications for ringworm of the scalp (tinea capitis) during 1940-1959 have been followed up for a median of 39 y to determine tumor incidence. Follow-ups were by mail/telephone questionnaire, with 84-88% of the original cohort followed and with medical verification of diseases of interest. Sixteen intracranial tumors [7 brain cancers, 4 meningiomas, and 5 acoustic neuromas (vestibular schwannomas)] occurred in the x-irradiated group following an average brain dose of about 1.4 Gy, compared to 1 acoustic neuroma in the control group. The standardized incidence ratio (SIR) for brain cancer was 3.0 [95% confidence interval (CI): 1.3, 5.9]. Even though the dose to the thyroid gland was only about 60 mGy, 2 thyroid cancers were found in the irradiated group vs. none among controls, and 11 vs. 1 thyroid adenomas were found in the respective groups. Following an average dose of about 4 Gy to cranial marrow, 8 cases of leukemia (SIR = 3.2, CI: 1.5, 6.1) were observed in the irradiated group and 1 in the control group. There was also a suggestive excess of blood dyscrasias. There was no difference between the groups in the frequency of other cancers of the head and neck (excluding nonmelanoma skin cancer) or in total mortality
— id: 38441, year: 2003, vol: 85, page: 404, stat: Journal Article,

Laboratory analyses: environmental and biological measurements
Harley, Naomi H
2002 May;82(5):626-634, Health physics
From its inception in 1951 to the present, the measurement of radioactive fallout from nuclear weapons testing and the many associated programs to establish global distribution and human health effects have contributed significantly to the understanding of worldwide dispersal of contamination. The original measurements of regional surface deposition of fallout nuclides were with duplicate gummed film collectors. Later, collectors were established in a worldwide network to measure total deposition and specific radionuclides such as 90Sr and 137Cs, which evolved into the first large-scale, global environmental monitoring network. Programs were set up to determine dietary intake and human and animal tissue distribution of 90Sr and 137Cs. Some of the first measurements of natural background dietary radium and body potassium were a response to identify analog elements. The impact of the environmental measurements made for fallout went far beyond any dosimetric consequences. For example, present day information on bone tissue turnover rates are derived mainly from radiochemical analysis of 90Sr measurements in human bone. The spin off from the enormous expenditure in effort to make these measurements and to determine the health consequences of global fallout laid a rich basic and applied scientific foundation in many disciplines, particularly in exposure pathways from ground deposition to dietary uptake and human organ biokinetics
— id: 27570, year: 2002, vol: 82, page: 626, stat: Journal Article,

Skin cancer after X-ray treatment for scalp ringworm
Shore, Roy E; Moseson, Miriam; Xue, Xiaonan; Tse, Yardey; Harley, Naomi; Pasternack, Bernard S
2002 Apr;157(4):410-418, Radiation research
Some 2,224 children given X-ray therapy for tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp) have been followed for up to 50 years to determine cancer incidence, along with a control group of 1,380 tinea capitis patients given only topical medications. The study found a relative risk (RR) of 3.6 (95% confidence interval, 2.3-5.9) for basal cell skin cancer (BCC) of the head and neck among irradiated Caucasians (124 irradiated cases and 21 control cases), in response to a scalp dose of about 4.8 Gy. No melanomas of the head and neck have been seen, and only a few squamous cell carcinomas. About 40% of irradiated cases have had multiple BCCs, for a total of 328 BCCs. Although 25% of both the irradiated and control groups are African-American, only 3 skin cancers have been seen among them, all in the irradiated group, indicating the importance of susceptibility to UV radiation as a cofactor. Light complexion, severe sunburning and North European ancestry were predictive of BCC risk in the irradiated group, but chronic sun exposure was not. Children irradiated at young ages had the highest BCC risk. The RR for BCC risk is approximately constant with time since exposure, suggesting that risk will probably last for a lifetime
— id: 29336, year: 2002, vol: 157, page: 410, stat: Journal Article,

Measurements of outdoor radon and thoron at Fernald, OH, New York City and New Jersey
Harley NH; Chittaporn P; Medora P; Merrill R
2001 ;80(Suppl 6):S171-S171, Health physics
— id: 98967, year: 2001, vol: 80, page: S171, stat: Journal Article,

Calculation of the air concentrations of serially decaying nuclides--a new method applied to radon progeny
Heikkinen MS; Harley NH
2001 Mar;80(3):251-254, Health physics
A new calculation method is presented for determining the air concentrations of any serially decaying nuclides. This new method is easily incorporated into a Basic or spreadsheet program that is used to record the decay data. Specifically, the measurements were designed to illustrate radon progeny from a filter sample that is gross-alpha counted. The method is based on regressing the decay data, recorded in 1-min intervals, on the time after the end of sampling with an equation that describes the alpha activity as a function of the decay exponentials, e-lambdat. The results from both generated data and experimental filter samples were compared to the results obtained by two other well-known methods. All the methods give comparable estimates for the progeny air concentrations; non-linear regression and weighting by variances produces the smallest error estimates with the method presented here
— id: 20244, year: 2001, vol: 80, page: 251, stat: Journal Article,

Errata [Health Physics 2001;80:251-254]
Heikkinen MSA; Harley NH
2001 ;81(1):85-85, Health physics
— id: 98968, year: 2001, vol: 81, page: 85, stat: Journal Article,

Indoor and outdoor 222Rn measurements in Bangkok and Chiang Mai, Thailand
Chittaporn P; Harley NH
2000 ;7:491-495, Technology
— id: 98955, year: 2000, vol: 7, page: 491, stat: Journal Article,

Radon and daughters
Harley NH
Environmental toxicants : human exposures and their health effects New York : Wiley-Interscience, 2000,
— id: 2630, year: 2000, vol: , page: ?, stat: Chapter,

The 1999 Lauriston S. Taylor lecture--back to background: natural radiation and radioactivity exposed
Harley NH
2000 Aug;79(2):121-128, Health physics
I am profoundly grateful for being chosen as the twenty-third presenter of the Lauriston S. Taylor Lecture, and I share this honor with a list of distinguished scientists, including my husband, who pay tribute to the premier leader in radiation protection. In 1938, Laurie was working for the National Bureau of Standards and chaired the Advisory Committee on X-ray and Radium Protection, a group of 8 persons, who set the pace for all forthcoming radiation standards. NBS had, since 1913, been standardizing essentially all of the radium offered for sale in the U.S., and the problem arose to revise the handbook on proper conditions for handling radium based on the then current knowledge. This resulted in Handbook 23 (1938) superseding the 1934 work. At the time Laurie was a scientist working in the measurements side of radiation and though he contributed much to that field, his name is inseparably linked with guidance in radiation protection. Today we pay tribute for his leadership that he carried out with intelligence, grace, and personal warmth. My talk today deals mostly with measured data for naturally occurring internal radiation emitters and how these data can be used for predictive purposes in estimating the dose and risk from internal body contamination. This stresses the 'and Measurements' part of the Council's title. The topic of this year's NCRP Annual Meeting is 'Radiation Protection in Medicine: Contemporary Issues.' I believe that physicians and State and Federal agencies will have to cope with complaints following various exposure situations resulting from the cleanup of background radionuclides during closure at nuclear facilities, military use of radioactivity, and occurrences of high natural background in some locations. They will find comfort in the knowledge that existing background radiation data can be the basis for predictions of realistic dose and risk in most situations
— id: 11583, year: 2000, vol: 79, page: 121, stat: Journal Article,

Long term measurement of indoor and outdoor 212Pb decay products, with estimates of aerosol particle size
Harley NH; Chittaporn P
2000 ;7:407-413, Technology
— id: 98956, year: 2000, vol: 7, page: 407, stat: Journal Article,

Rn-222 decay products as tracers of indoor and outdoor aerosol particle size
Harley, NH; Chittaporn, P; Fisenne, IM; Perry, P
2000 JUN 15 ;51(1):27-35, Journal of environmental radioactivity
Measurements of the air concentration of Pb-210 indoors and outdoors were made at a single-family suburban home in northern New Jersey over a 1.5 year period. A sampler with 5 fine mesh screens and a backup Millipore filter was used to determine the indoor and outdoor ultrafine particle size distribution. A sample of the total airborne particulates was collected simultaneously. The long-lived Rn-222 decay product Pb-210 presents a unique and highly sensitive tracer to study atmospheric aerosol particles. The aerosol particle size sampler integrates ultrafine particulates deposited over 3-4 weeks. The measurement of Pb-210 (Po-210) on the screens and filter was performed using very low background alpha scintillation counters (3-5 counts/day), and long count times (5000 min). Deconvolution of the alpha counting data was performed using an extreme value estimation program (EVE) that provides an accurate evaluation of the particle size distribution. The particle size data show that a significant fraction (20-60%) of the atmospheric aerosol particles in this suburban location are in the ultrafine region. The indoor to outdoor Pb-210 ratio revealed that 65% of the outdoor aerosol particles in this suburban location comprise the indoor particle concentration. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
— id: 54659, year: 2000, vol: 51, page: 27, stat: Journal Article,

Experimental investigation of sintered porous metal filters
Heikkinen, MSA; Harley, NH
2000 JUN ;31(6):721-738, Journal of aerosol science
The particle penetration characteristics and solid volume fractions of 1.57 and 0.99 mm thick stainless steel porous metal filters with pore sizes from 100 to 2 mu m were determined experimentally. The penetration measurements were performed with monodisperse NaCl and latex particles at face velocities of 3.0, 6.1, and 12.1 cm s(-1). The penetration data were fitted by non-linear regression with a simple equation that takes into account the diffusion and impaction mechanisms. The effective fiber diameters for the filters based on the measured pressure drops were also calculated, and they agreed with the effective single-collector diameters obtained from the fitted equations. Loading of filters was studied by sampling indoor air for one and two months in the laboratory and in an apartment. The penetration characteristics with monodisperse NaCl particles and the pressure drops of these filters were also measured. Loading of particularly the small pore size filters was shown to decrease penetration significantly with longer sampling times. The increase in pressure drop during sampling is a good indicator of mass loading. The filters have been used in a portable diffusion battery and the increased pressure drop was used as a determinant of a filter change or the end of sampling. The porous metal filters are cleanable and reusable, and electrostatic effects, that may cause errors when sampling with membrane filters, are avoided. (C) 2000 Elsevier Science Ltd. All rights reserved
— id: 54706, year: 2000, vol: 31, page: 721, stat: Journal Article,

A new personal 222Rn and 220Rn (RnTn) monitor
Chittaporn, P; Harley, N H
1999 Jun 27-Jul 1;76(6 SUPPL.):S163-S164, Health physics
— id: 15903, year: 1999, vol: 76, page: S163, stat: Journal Article,

Depleted Uranium
Harley NH; Foulkes EC; Hilborne LH; Hudson A; Anthony CR
A review of the scientific literature as it pertains to Gulf War illness Santa Monica CA : Rand, 1999,
— id: 2628, year: 1999, vol: 7, page: ?, stat: Chapter,

An aerosol particle size sampler using 222Rn decay products as tracers.
Harley, N H; Chittaporn, P; Heikkinen, M; Daniels, D
1999 Jun 27-Jul 1;76(6 SUPPL.):S163-S163, Health physics
— id: 15904, year: 1999, vol: 76, page: S163, stat: Journal Article,

222Rn decay product dose during showering
Chittaporn P; Harley NH
1998 ;74:S33-S33, Health physics
— id: 20750, year: 1998, vol: 74, page: S33, stat: Journal Article,

222Rn decay products as tracers of indoor/outdoor aerosol particles
Harley NH; Chittaporn P
1998 ;74:S32-S32, Health physics
— id: 20749, year: 1998, vol: 74, page: S32, stat: Journal Article,

Long term measurement of indoor/outdoor 222Rn decay products and aerosol size
Chittaporn P; Harley NH
1997 ;72:S70-S70, Health physics
— id: 20752, year: 1997, vol: 72, page: S70, stat: Journal Article,

Long term measurement of indoor/outdoor 212Pb and aerosol size
Harley NH; Chittaporn P
1997 ;72:S69-S69, Health physics
— id: 20751, year: 1997, vol: 72, page: S69, stat: Journal Article,

Radon: over or under regulated?
Harley NH
NORM/NARM: regulation and risk assessment McLean VA : Health Physics Society, 1996,
— id: 2629, year: 1996, vol: , page: ?, stat: Chapter,

The variability in radon decay product bronchial dose
Harley NH; Cohen BS; Robbins ES
1996 ;22:S959-S964, Environment international
— id: 20754, year: 1996, vol: 22, page: S959, stat: Journal Article,

A biological model for lung cancer risk from 222Rn exposure
Harley NH; Meyers OA; Chittaporn P; Robbins ES
1996 ;22:S977-S989, Environment international
— id: 20753, year: 1996, vol: 22, page: S977, stat: Journal Article,

Residential radon exposure and lung cancer: Potential for pooled or meta-analysis
Neuberger, JS; Harley, NH; Kross, BC
1996 JUL-SEP ;5(3):207-221, Journal of clean technology, environmental toxicology, & occupational medicine
All published studies of residential radon exposure and lung cancer were obtained for critical evaluation. The most rigorously designed of these were reviewed in detail and their potential for pooling discussed. Criteria for selection included case-control studies of females with measurements of indoor air radon concentrations in the majority of current homes and with information obtained on cigarette smoking and occupation. Numerous problems were identified inadequate radon exposure assessment in particular The validity and comparability of these studies were questioned. A tiered classification system for current radon exposure assessment is presented; none of these studies are in the highest tier Thus, it would be extremely difficult to detect any radon related lung cancer risk; these studies do not provide consistent evidence of a risk. An example of pooling of three of these studies is presented. However these studies are not comparable. While selective pooling of data from a few studies may be useful if their designs are comparable, large scale pooling of incomparable studies is problematic and will add little or no scientific knowledge concerning radon's risk. A newly designed (mega) study might be useful, depending on results from the ongoing studies, and would take precedence over a large scale pooling effort. However resources for such a study are not currently available. Several desirable methodologic characteristics of a selective pooling and/or an enlarged study are proposed
— id: 53258, year: 1996, vol: 5, page: 207, stat: Journal Article,

A comparison between the localization of lung tumors in uranium miners and in nonminers from 1947 to 1991
Saccomanno G; Auerbach O; Kuschner M; Harley NH; Michels RY; Anderson MW; Bechtel JJ
1996 Apr 1;77(7):1278-1283, Cancer
BACKGROUND. Lung cancer was noted to be increased in cigarette smoking miners and nonminers. Carcinogen particulates deposit differentially in the central, middle, and peripheral zones of the bronchial tree depending on the size of the particle. The object of this study was to evaluate the incidence of tumors; their cell types; and the relationship of particulate size to their position in the bronchial tree. METHODS. Tumor position in the bronchial tree was studied for a cohort of 467 uranium miners and 311 nonminers with lung cancer. RESULTS. An examination of all histologic subtypes showed that the proportion of lung cancers in the central zone was significantly greater in miners than in nonminers presumably due to the deposition of radon decay products attached to the silica dust particles. The higher percentage of central tumors in the miners was primarily due to the distribution of a greater proportion of squamous cell and small-cell tumors. The ratio of 0.75 for the central to middle and peripheral location for adenocarcinomas was much lower than for squamous cell and small-cell carcinomas with ratios of 1.4 and 7.3, respectively. In the mining cohort, there were ten times as many small-cell tumors in the central area as in the middle and peripheral regions, whereas, for the nonminers there were only five times as as many centrally located small-cell tumors as middle and peripheral (chi square is 7.0 degrees, P < 0.01). These data suggest that radon may be deposited preferentially to the central region of the lungs in uranium miners. CONCLUSIONS. Based on our observations of the differential positions of lung tumors in the bronchial tree for miners and nonminers and previous studies by others regarding size-dependent deposition of particulates in the bronchial tree, it is concluded that inhaled dust, radon, and cigarette smoke combine to form large particulates that deposit in the central bronchial tree. Filtered cigarette smoke or other small carcinogens from smaller particulates that deposit more peripherally
— id: 20245, year: 1996, vol: 77, page: 1278, stat: Journal Article,

A five year data base of outdoor radon
Chittaporn, P.; Harley, N. H.
1995 ;68(6 SUPPL.):S89-S89, Health physics
— id: 98920, year: 1995, vol: 68, page: S89, stat: Journal Article,

Outdoor radon and gamma ray background
Harley, N. H.; Chittaporn, P.
1995 ;68(6 SUPPL.):S88-S89, Health physics
— id: 98921, year: 1995, vol: 68, page: S88, stat: Journal Article,

ASSESSMENT OF LUNG DEPOSITION AND BREATHING RATE OF UNDERGROUND MINERS IN TAJIKISTAN
RUZER, LS; NERO, AV; HARLEY, NH
1995 ;58(4):261-268, Radiation protection dosimetry
Deposited gamma ray activity in miners' lungs and airborne concentrations of Rn-222 decay products were measured in a metal mine in Tadjikistan. Measurements for about 100 miners were performed, using filtered air samples to estimate their decay product exposures and a field gamma ray system to determine corresponding chest activities. These two quantities yielded the deposited lung activity per unit exposure, which is proportional to the product of the average minute volume and the fractional lung deposition, called here the 'filtration ability of lungs' (FAL). The group average FALs were found to be, for drillers, assistant drillers, and inspection personnel, respectively, 0.0079, 0.0067, and 0.0052 m(3) . min(-1), with approximately 20% standard error. Independent measurements were also made, for a group of mine workers engaged in light work, not only of FAL, but also of breathing rate (minute volume), permitting estimation of the lung deposition fraction, found to average 0.34 +/- 0.03. Finally, this value was used together with the group FALs noted to yield upper-bound estimates of the average minute volumes for these job categories, respectively, 0.023 +/- 0.004, 0.020 +/- 0.004, and 0.015 +/- 0.003 m(3) . min(-1). $$:
— id: 98929, year: 1995, vol: 58, page: 261, stat: Journal Article,

Water use contribution to indoor radon
Chittaporn, P.; Harley, N. H.
1994 ;66(6 SUPPL.):S28-S89, Health physics
— id: 98922, year: 1994, vol: 66, page: S28, stat: Journal Article,

Radon risk revisited
Harley NH
1994 ;8:33-35, Health & environment digest
— id: 20755, year: 1994, vol: 8, page: 33, stat: Journal Article,

Modeling a four year radon data base
Harley, N. H.; Chittaporn, P.
1994 ;66(6 SUPPL.):S29-S89, Health physics
— id: 98923, year: 1994, vol: 66, page: S29, stat: Journal Article,

Special memorial issue: John H. Harley (1916-1993)
Harley, Naomi H
Tarrytown NY : Pergamon, 1994,
— id: 1322, year: 1994, vol: , page: , stat: ,

A BIOKINETIC MODEL FOR RN-222 GAS-DISTRIBUTION AND ALPHA-DOSE IN HUMANS FOLLOWING INGESTION
HARLEY, NH; ROBBINS, ES
1994 SEP ;20(5):605-610, Environment international
A biokinetic model for absorption and distribution of 222Rn in the body following ingestion in drinking water was developed. The rate parameters for the model are derived from historical human data reported in experiments of Harley et al. (1958) and Hursh et al. (1965). The biokinetic model fits the human data of Hursh et al. well for whole body retention following ingestion of 222Rn in water on an empty stomach. The equivalent dose to stem cells for stomach and colon cancer is estimated to be 1.6 x 10(-9) Sv B(q-1). The model calculations yield 4 and 3 calculated stomach and colon cancers from continuous intake of water at the estimated U.S. average of 5.5 B(q) L-1
— id: 52365, year: 1994, vol: 20, page: 605, stat: Journal Article,

Annual variation of radon-222 in well water
Chittaporn, P.; Harley, N. H.
1993 ;64(SUPPL. 6):S20-S89, Health physics
— id: 98924, year: 1993, vol: 64, page: S20, stat: Journal Article,

Modeled vs. measured indoor radon-222
Harley, N. H.; Chittaporn, P.
1993 ;64(SUPPL. 6):S20-575, Health physics
— id: 98925, year: 1993, vol: 64, page: S20, stat: Journal Article,

A new calculation method for the radon progeny concentrations in air
Heikkinen, M. S. A.; Harley, N. H.
1993 ;64(SUPPL. 6):S44-575, Health physics
— id: 98926, year: 1993, vol: 64, page: S44, stat: Journal Article,

INDOOR-OUTDOOR RADON-222 MEASUREMENTS IN THAILAND
CHITTAPORN P; HARLEY N H
1992 ;62(6 SUPPL):S43-S44, Health physics
— id: 98927, year: 1992, vol: 62, page: S43, stat: Journal Article,

EFFECT OF BAROMETRIC PRESSURE CHANGES ON INDOOR RADON-222 CONCENTRATION
HARLEY N H; CHITTAPORN P
1992 ;62(6 SUPPL):S44-S44, Health physics
— id: 98928, year: 1992, vol: 62, page: S44, stat: Journal Article,

The importance of recent results in epidemiology
Harley NH; Robbins ES
International Conference on Radiation Safety in Uranium Mining, Saskatoon, Saskatchewan, Canada, May 25 to 28, 1992 Saskatoon Sask : International Conference on Radiation Safety in Uranium Mining, 1992,
— id: 5024, year: 1992, vol: , page: ?, stat: Chapter,

The health effects of low-level ionizing radiation
Upton AC; Shore RE; Harley NH
1992 ;13:127-150, Annual review of public health
— id: 13746, year: 1992, vol: 13, page: 127, stat: Journal Article,

Use of gummed-film fallout data
Harley JH; Harley NH
1991 Jun;60(6):863-864, Health physics
— id: 20247, year: 1991, vol: 60, page: 863, stat: Journal Article,

Methodology issues in risk assessment for radon
Harley NH
1991 Jan;90:177-180, Environmental health perspectives
The alpha dose per unit radon daughter exposure in mines and homes is comparable at about 5 mGy/WLM. This means that excess lung cancer risk determined in follow-up studies of miners should be valid to extrapolating to environmental populations. There are several models currently used for risk projection to estimate lung cancer in the U.S. from indoor radon exposure. The accuracy of the estimates depends upon the quality of the exposure data and the models. Recent miner epidemiology confirms that excess lung cancer risk decreases with time subsequent to cessation of exposure. The most rigorous ecological study, to date, shows a persistent negative relationship between average measured indoor radon in U.S. counties and lung cancer mortality. A model for lung cancer risk is proposed that includes smoking, urbanization, and radon exposure. The model helps to explain the difficulties in observing the direct effects of indoor radon in the environment
— id: 14159, year: 1991, vol: 90, page: 177, stat: Journal Article,

Radon levels in a high-rise apartment
Harley NH
1991 Aug;61(2):263-265, Health physics
— id: 13953, year: 1991, vol: 61, page: 263, stat: Journal Article,

Toxic effects of radiation and radioactive materials
Harley NH
Casarett & Doull's toxicology : the basic science of poisons New York : Pergamon Press, 1991,
— id: 2631, year: 1991, vol: , page: 723, stat: Chapter,

Personal and home 222Rn and gamma-ray exposure measured in 52 dwellings
Harley NH; Chittaporn P; Roman MH; Sylvester J
1991 Dec;61(6):737-744, Health physics
A personal 222Rn and gamma-ray detector has been developed. The detector precision is limited only by the Poisson counting error and has a lower limit of detection in this study of 4.5 kBq m-3 h (4 pCi L-1 day). The detector was used in a study of 52 homes in Illinois to measure the personal exposure vs. the simultaneous exposure on all levels of the home. The ratio of personal exposure to basement 222Rn concentration averaged 0.22, with a high degree of scatter (R2 = 31%). The ratio of personal exposure to first floor 222Rn concentration was 0.71, with good correlation (R2 = 85%). In the absence of personal monitoring data, the best estimate of personal exposure appears to be from measurements in the first-floor living space of the home
— id: 13817, year: 1991, vol: 61, page: 737, stat: Journal Article,

Study of the influence of time-activity patterns and lifestyle on human exposure to radom in air : final report to State of New Jersey, Department of Environmental Protection, Office of Science and Research
Harley, Naomi H
[Trenton NJ] : New Jersey Department of Environmental Protection, Office of Science and Research, 1991,
— id: 1319, year: 1991, vol: , page: , stat: ,

INDOOR RADON - A NATURAL RISK
HARLEY, NH; HARLEY, JH
1991 ;32(4):537-543, Nuclear safety
Radon decay products have produced excess lung cancer mortality in several groups of underground miners. Radon is the common etiological factor in several types of mines, and the data show, a distinct exposure-effect relationship. Indoor radon exposures in some homes and other buildings may exceed those allowed for miners, and remediation is desirable in those cases. Extrapolation of miner risk factors predicts that exposures at average indoor concentrations will produce several thousand lung cancer deaths per year. Unlike other radioactivity contamination problems, decisions and costs for remediation are the responsibility of the individual homeowner. $$:
— id: 98930, year: 1991, vol: 32, page: 537, stat: Journal Article,

Validation of a personal radon monitor for use in residential 22Rn exposure studies
Litt BR; Waldman JM; Harley NH; Chittaporn P
1991 Dec;61(6):727-735, Health physics
A personal radon monitor (PRM) has been developed and validated for use in studies of residential 222Rn exposure. A pilot study was performed in six New Jersey homes with elevated Rn concentrations. Occupants wore PRMs, and identical monitors were placed in many rooms of the home. Extensive assessment of PRM performance has been done. A simple model for personal Rn exposure has been tested and measured occupant exposures have been compared with stationary Rn measurements. The PRM works well, with precision limited by the counting error in the exposure range examined (2-100 kBq m-3 h). The PRM sensitivity is 2.2 kBq m-3 h, and its efficiency is 2.6 tracks (kBq m-3 h)-1 per 81 mm2 film
— id: 20246, year: 1991, vol: 61, page: 727, stat: Journal Article,

An improved 222Rn canister using a two-stage charcoal system
Scarpitta SC; Harley NH
1991 Feb;60(2):177-188, Health physics
A prototype for an improved passive 222Rn canister (R-Canister) was designed and compared to conventional charcoal canisters for its adsorptive and desorptive characteristics following exposures to 222Rn at 23 degrees C in the presence of water vapor. The R-Canister, containing a two-stage charcoal system, minimizes the adverse effects of water vapor by maintaining the amount of adsorbed water vapor in the primary Rn adsorbent below the 'break-point' of the charcoal. This is achieved by the placement of a desiccant charcoal cartridge 6 cm above the primary Rn adsorbent. The optimal bed depth of the primary adsorbent, determined from a diffusion study, was found to be 2.3 cm. The measured value for the effective diffusion coefficient of RN in a peat-based charcoal at 15% humidity and 25 degrees C is 7.97 x 10(-10) m2 s-1. Exposures to 70% humidity for 7 d increased the buildup time-constant of Rn in the R-Canisters by 33% as compared to R-Canisters exposed to 15% humidity. At relative humidities ranging from 15-70%, the 222Rn buildup time-constant of the R-Canister ranged from 43-94 h, whereas the desorption time-constant ranged from 46-64 h. Typical buildup time-constants and desorption time-constants for conventional fully-opened charcoal canisters currently in field use ranged from 30-43 h and 17-29 h, respectively, over the same range of humidities
— id: 20249, year: 1991, vol: 60, page: 177, stat: Journal Article,

Radon calibration factor for charcoal canisters
Scarpitta SC; Harley NH
1991 Feb;60(2):276-280, Health physics
— id: 20248, year: 1991, vol: 60, page: 276, stat: Journal Article,

Does 4 equal 2? Decisions based on radon measurements
Harley NH
1990 Aug;80(8):905-906, American journal of public health. AJPH
— id: 20255, year: 1990, vol: 80, page: 905, stat: Journal Article,

Distribution and alpha radiation dose from naturally occurring U, Th, and Ra in the human skeleton
Harley NH; Fisenne IM
1990 Apr;58(4):515-518, Health physics
— id: 20256, year: 1990, vol: 58, page: 515, stat: Journal Article,

Potential lung cancer risk from indoor radon exposure
Harley NH; Harley JH
1990 Sep-Oct;40(5):265-275, CA: a cancer journal for clinicians
The contribution of radon daughter exposure to excess lung cancer in underground miners is universally accepted. These miners received exposures from tens to thousands of WLM in a relatively few years. Although the miners were also exposed to other noxious agents in mines, the appearance of the excess lung cancer mortality in several types of mines and the increase with increasing exposure provide convincing evidence of the role of radon as the carcinogen. It is conceivable that exposures to radon at an average concentration of one to two pCi/liter, the levels for a majority of homes, might not produce excess lung cancers. This would require that a lifetime exposure at low concentrations produce a different response from that of a few years at higher levels for the miners. This is unlikely but not impossible. The current environmental epidemiology is of varying quality. The better studies may give some answers in a few years. These studies are more likely to establish an upper limit of risk than to provide an exposure-response model. Present risk estimates cannot be used accurately in estimating the overall lung cancer risk to the US population, since there are no good data on average exposure and exposure distribution. For example, the number of homes above the EPA guideline of four pCi/liter may range from two million to 10 million. An estimate of the actual radon exposure in the US may be forthcoming from a planned EPA survey, but these data will not be available for a few years. In the conservative tradition of radiation protection, indoor radon exposures in homes are estimated to produce a number of excess lung cancers in the population. One estimate by the NCRP is about 10,000 deaths per year in the US, for an average annual estimated exposure of 0.2 WLM (about one pCi/liter). The National Academy of Sciences (BEIR IV) estimates 13,000 deaths for the same exposure, and the EPA's estimate is 5,000 to 20,000
— id: 20253, year: 1990, vol: 40, page: 265, stat: Journal Article,

Predicting annual average indoor 222Rn concentration
Harley NH; Terilli TB
1990 Aug;59(2):205-209, Health physics
— id: 20254, year: 1990, vol: 59, page: 205, stat: Journal Article,

Adsorption and desorption of noble gases on activated charcoal: I. 133Xe studies in a monolayer and packed bed
Scarpitta SC; Harley NH
1990 Oct;59(4):383-392, Health physics
Detailed desorption studies using petroleum-based activated charcoals were conducted in monolayers and packed beds. Less extensive studies were conducted on several other types of charcoal. Kinetic studies, using 133Xe, demonstrated the existence of a micropore volume with entrance capillaries that together determined the response characteristics of charcoal to external concentration gradients of tracer gases. This new two-phase model, composed of micropores and entrance capillaries, describes the desorption dynamics of an adsorbed gas in the presence of water vapor. Condensed water vapor in the entrance capillaries of the charcoal reduced the effective pore radius and increased the diffusion half-time. Water could also adversely affect the integrating capability of the charcoal dramatically if the adsorbed water completely blocked the entrance capillaries. The amount of adsorbed water required to block the capillaries varied with the charcoal type and was termed here as the 'break-point.' The desorption parameters measured in this work can be used to design an improved passive Rn monitor to effectively integrate during a 3-7 d exposure period by eliminating the adverse effects of water vapor. The improved canister design would provide more accurate and reproducible measurements of indoor Rn concentrations than are currently available
— id: 20251, year: 1990, vol: 59, page: 383, stat: Journal Article,

Adsorption and desorption of noble gases on activated charcoal: II. 222Rn studies in a monolayer and packed bed
Scarpitta SC; Harley NH
1990 Oct;59(4):393-404, Health physics
The adsorptive and desorptive characteristics of canisters containing a petroleum-based charcoal were investigated under controlled conditions of temperature, relative humidity, and Rn concentration. Charcoals exposed in a monolayer and packed bed during exposure intervals of 1-7 d demonstrate that Rn adsorption and desorption are dependent on bed depth and the amount of water adsorbed. Changes in the adsorptive and desorptive properties of the charcoal occurred near the break-point where the pores became occluded by water vapor that condenses in the entrance capillaries. Radon-222 adsorption is decreased by an order of magnitude as the amount of adsorbed water exceeds the break-point of the charcoal. The reduction in pore surface due to adsorbed water results in a marked increase in the rate of Rn loss from exposed canisters, accounting for reduced adsorption. The apparent desorption time-constant for a 2-cm bed of loose Witco 6 x 10 mesh charcoal containing 0.220-0.365 kg H2O kg-1 is typically between 2-8 h. The apparent desorption time-constant for an equivalent packed bed containing a water vapor content of 0.026-0.060 kg H2O kg-1, which is below the break-point of the charcoal, is about 15-30 h. Conventional charcoal canisters, if exposed in the fully-opened configuration, can achieve the break-point in less than 4 d at 70% humidity. The use of a diffusion barrier would allow for longer exposure times until the break-point of the charcoal is achieved
— id: 20250, year: 1990, vol: 59, page: 393, stat: Journal Article,

Skin cancer susceptibility among irradiated patients
Shore, R; Harley, N; Pasternack, B; Gladstein, A H
1990 May;22(5 Pt 1):859-860, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
— id: 122382, year: 1990, vol: 22, page: 859, stat: Journal Article,

Measured intake and excretion patterns of naturally occurring 234U, 238U, and calcium in humans
Spencer H; Osis D; Fisenne IM; Perry PM; Harley NH
1990 Oct;124(1):90-95, Radiation research
The normal dietary and fluid intake and urinary and fecal excretion of 234U and 238U were determined in humans under strictly controlled conditions in the Metabolic Research Ward at Hines Hospital. These values formed the basis of the metabolic balances of these uranium isotopes. The major pathway of 234U and of 238U excretion was via the intestine while the urinary 234U and 238U were very low, averaging 2% of the total excretion. The uranium balances were roughly in equilibrium. These data were used in combination with measurements of tissue concentrations of uranium from nonoccupationally exposed humans to calculate steady-state uptake factors for environmental exposure to uranium isotopes during baseline conditions of a normal dietary intake
— id: 20252, year: 1990, vol: 124, page: 90, stat: Journal Article,

Shortcomings in risk projection
Harley NH
1989 May;81:137-138, Environmental health perspectives
— id: 10628, year: 1989, vol: 81, page: 137, stat: Journal Article,

Radon: is it a problem?
Hart BL; Mettler FA; Harley NH
1989 Sep;172(3):593-599, Radiology
Radon gas is a major source of radiation exposure to the general public. Radon-222 is a product of uranium-238, present in varying concentrations in all soils. Radon enters buildings from soil, water, natural gas, and building materials. Its short-lived breakdown products, termed 'radon daughters,' include alpha-emitting solids that can deposit in the lungs. Firm evidence links lung cancer risk in miners with high exposure to radon daughters. The amount of risk associated with the much lower but chronic doses received in buildings is difficult to establish. By some extrapolations, radon daughters may be responsible for a significant number of lung cancer deaths. The existence or extent of synergism with smoking is unresolved. Local conditions can cause high levels of radon in some buildings, and measures that reduce indoor radon are of potential value
— id: 20257, year: 1989, vol: 172, page: 593, stat: Journal Article,

Determining the charged fractions of 218Po and 214Pb using an environmental gamma-ray and Rn detector
Maiello ML; Harley NH
1989 Jul;57(1):51-59, Health physics
The rate of 218Po and 214Pb atoms collected electrostatically inside an environmental gamma-ray and 222Rn detector (EGARD) was measured. These measurements were used to directly infer the charged fraction of 218Po and to calculate the charged fraction of 214Pb. Thirty-two percent of the 218Po was collected electrostatically using approximately -1500 V on a 2.54 cm diameter Mylar covered disc inside a vented A1 EGARD of 1 L volume. About 91% of the 214Pb is collected electrostatically under the same conditions. The measurements were performed in a calibrated 222Rn test chamber at the Environmental Measurements Laboratory (EML) using the Thomas alpha-counting method with 222Rn concentrations averaging about 4300 Bq m-3. The atomic collection rates were used with other measured quantities to calculate the thermoluminescent dosimeter (TLD) signal acquired from EGARD for exposure to 1 Bq m-3 of 222Rn. The calculations account for 222Rn progeny collection using a Teflon electret and alpha and beta detection using TLDs inside EGARD. The measured quantities include the energies of 218Po and 214Po alpha-particles degraded by passage through the 25 microns thick electret. The TLD responses to these alpha- and beta-particles with an average energy approaching that obtained from the combined spectra of 214Pb and 214Bi were also measured. The calculated calibration factor is within 30% of the value obtained by exposing EGARD to a known concentration of 222Rn. This result supports our charged fraction estimates for 218Po and 214Pb
— id: 20258, year: 1989, vol: 57, page: 51, stat: Journal Article,

Interaction of alpha particles with bronchial cells
Harley NH
1988 Oct;55(4):665-669, Health physics
The alpha-activity on the bronchial airways has been calculated for 222Rn daughter exposures producing observable excess bronchogenic lung cancer in underground miners. The activity distribution of aerosol particles with attached 222Rn daughters on the bronchial tree is truly diffuse because of the short half-life of the daughters and the large number of particles in the ambient aerosol. From the bronchial airway activity and the minor epidemiology, it can be shown that it requires, on average, 4 X 10(9) stem cells in bronchial epithelium to be hit in order to produce an observed lung cancer. For very high 222Rn daughter exposures of miners, multiply hit cells are highly probable; yet the lung cancer response is lower per unit exposure at high exposures than for mining exposures--near those sustained in the environment probably due to stem cell death. A knowledge of the number of multiply hit cells in miners permits some infererences to be made about the effectiveness of particulate versus diffusely distributed alpha emitters in the lung, namely, that particulates should not be significantly more effective in lung cancer induction than a diffuse distribution
— id: 10957, year: 1988, vol: 55, page: 665, stat: Journal Article,

Radon : Proceedings of the twenty-fourth annual meeting, 30-31 March, 1988
Harley, Naomi H
Bethesda MD : National Council on Radiation Protection and Measurements,
— id: 1320, year: 1988, vol: , page: , stat: ,

RADON DAUGHTER DOSIMETRY IN THE RAT TRACHEO-BRONCHIAL TREE
Harley, NH
1988 Jan-Feb;24(1-4):457-461, Radiation protection dosimetry
— id: 31776, year: 1988, vol: 24, page: 457, stat: Journal Article,

UPDATING RADON DAUGHTER BRONCHIAL DOSIMETRY
Harley, NH; Cohen, BS
1987 Jan;331(1):419-429, ACS symposium series
— id: 31275, year: 1987, vol: 331, page: 419, stat: Journal Article,

RADON DISTRIBUTION BY WEEK, SEASON AND YEAR IN SINGLE FAMILY DWELLINGS
Harley, NH; Terilli, TB
1987 Jun;52(6):S72-S73, Health physics
— id: 31168, year: 1987, vol: 52, page: S72, stat: Journal Article,

EGARD: an environmental gamma-ray and 222Rn detector
Maiello ML; Harley NH
1987 Sep;53(3):301-305, Health physics
— id: 20259, year: 1987, vol: 53, page: 301, stat: Journal Article,

ELECTROSTATIC COLLECTION OF RADON DAUGHTERS USING THE TEFLON ELECTRET
Maiello, ML; Harley, NH
1987 Jun;52(6):S15-S15, Health physics
— id: 31166, year: 1987, vol: 52, page: S15, stat: Journal Article,

Indoor ventilation rates for 222Rn
Terilli TB; Harley NH
1987 Jun;52(6):801-803, Health physics
— id: 20260, year: 1987, vol: 52, page: 801, stat: Journal Article,

Fallout inhalation
Harley NH; Harley JH
1986 Mar;50(3):422-422, Health physics
— id: 20261, year: 1986, vol: 50, page: 422, stat: Journal Article,

CONTRIBUTION OF RADON AND RADON DAUGHTERS TO RESPIRATORY CANCER
HARLEY, N; SAMET, JM; CROSS, FT; HESS, T; MULLER, J; THOMAS, D
1986 DEC ;70(1):17-21, Environmental health perspectives
— id: 41729, year: 1986, vol: 70, page: 17, stat: Journal Article,

RADON DAUGHTERS - DOSIMETRY AND RISK PROJECTION
HARLEY, NH
1986 JUN ;50(7):S92-S92, Health physics
— id: 41384, year: 1986, vol: 50, page: S92, stat: Journal Article,

UPDATING RADON DAUGHTER BRONCHIAL DOSIMETRY
HARLEY, NH; COHEN, BS
1986 APR 13 ;191(14):35-NUCL, Abstracts of papers (American Chemical Society)
— id: 41486, year: 1986, vol: 191, page: 35, stat: Journal Article,

APPORTIONMENT OF SOURCES OF INDOOR RADON
HARLEY, NH; TERILLI, TB
1986 JUN ;50(7):S60-S60, Health physics
— id: 41382, year: 1986, vol: 50, page: S60, stat: Journal Article,

Carcinogenic agents in snuff
Hoffmann D; Harley NH; Fisenne I; Adams JD; Brunnemann KD
1986 Mar;76(3):435-437, Journal of the National Cancer Institute
The oral use of snuff has been associated with an increased-risk for cancer of the oral cavity and pharynx. The five most popular U.S. snuff brands were analyzed for alkaloids, volatile and tobacco-specific N-nitrosamines (TSNA), benzo[a]pyrene (CAS: 50-32-8), and polonium-210. The carcinogenic TSNA in the five snuff brands ranged from 9,600 to 289,000 ppb. These concentrations exceed the nitrosamine concentrations of other consumer products by at least 2 orders of magnitude. Polonium amounted to 0.16-1.22 pCi/g dry snuff. Trace amounts of benzo[a]pyrene (0.1-63 ppb) were indicative of contamination of the tobacco with thermal degradation products, probably due to fire curing or flue curing. The findings from this study, the biologic activity of snuff in animal models, and the epidemiologic studies on snuff use and oral cancer strongly suggest the need for reduction of carcinogens and especially of nitrosamines and polonium-210 in snuff
— id: 20262, year: 1986, vol: 76, page: 435, stat: Journal Article,

The determination of x-ray exposure from cathode ray tubes: exposures not detected
Maiello ML; Rosenthal F; Harley NH
1986 Feb;50(2):287-291, Health physics
— id: 20263, year: 1986, vol: 50, page: 287, stat: Journal Article,

EGARD - AN ENVIRONMENTAL GAMMA-RAY AND RADON DETECTOR
MAIELLO, ML; HARLEY, NH
1986 JUN ;50(7):S62-S62, Health physics
— id: 41383, year: 1986, vol: 50, page: S62, stat: Journal Article,

Clearance of polonium-210-enriched cigarette smoke from the rat trachea and lung
Cohen BS; Harley NH; Tso TC
1985 Jun 30;79(2):314-322, Toxicology & applied pharmacology
The distribution and clearance of alpha radioactivity in the lungs of rats were measured after inhalation of smoke from cigarettes highly enriched in 210Po. Female Fischer rats were exposed daily for 6 months to smoke from cigarettes with 500 times the normal content of 210Po. Control rats were exposed to standard cigarette smoke. Animals were serially withdrawn and killed. After necropsy the trachea, major bronchi, larynx, and nasopharynx were examined for surface alpha activity by an etched track technique utilizing cellulose nitrate detectors. Areas of accumulated activity were seen on samples of larynx from rats exposed to the 210Po-enriched cigarettes. No other local accumulations were seen on the airways. The lower lungs were analyzed radiochemically for 210Po. Both radiochemical analysis and track measurements showed highly elevated activity concentrations in rats exposed to the 210Po-enriched cigarettes. Following withdrawal from smoking, both short- and long-term clearance components were seen. The parameters which fit the postexposure data for clearance of the lung burden cannot fit the buildup during the exposure period
— id: 20264, year: 1985, vol: 79, page: 314, stat: Journal Article,

Health effects and risks from 222Rn in drinking water
Cross FT; Harley NH; Hofmann W
1985 May;48(5):649-670, Health physics
This paper presents an evaluation of the inhalation and ingestion doses from exposure to Rn and Rn progeny; an overview of the human and animal health-effects data; estimations of the cancer risks from Rn and Rn-progeny exposures; and suggested limits for Rn concentrations in drinking water and indoor air. We suggest that a rounded Rn-in-water concentration limit of 10,000 pCi/l can be supported by health-effects considerations alone, based on the conservative 'tolerance dose' concept and other conservative assumptions regarding lung dose. A practical concentration limit (or action level) of 20,000 pCi/l has been derived by estimations of exposure distributions in the United States and in relation to current U.S. Environmental Protection Agency (EPA) standards for U-tailings-contaminated buildings. Research needed for resolution of the uncertainties in these estimates is suggested. We conclude that before a maximum contaminant level (MCL) for Rn in water can be firmly established, the broader issue of setting the MCL for Rn in indoor air must be addressed
— id: 20265, year: 1985, vol: 48, page: 649, stat: Journal Article,

Thorium excretion from a thorotrast patient
Fisenne JM; Demoleas PN; Harley NH
1985 ;80(5):151-156, Sonderbande zur strahlentherapie
— id: 20266, year: 1985, vol: 80, page: 151, stat: Journal Article,

Bias in air sampling techniques used to measure inhalation exposure
Cohen BS; Harley NH; Lippmann M
1984 Mar;45(3):187-192, American Industrial Hygiene Association journal
Factors have been evaluated which contribute to the lack of agreement between inhalation exposure estimates obtained by time-weighted averaging of samples taken with mini hi-volume samplers, and those measured by time integrating, low-volume, lapel mounted, personal monitors. Measurements made with real-time aerosol monitors on workers at a Be-Cu production furnace show that part of the discrepancy results from variability of the aerosol concentration within the breathing zone. Field studies of sampler inlet bias, the influences of the electrostatic fields around polystyrene filter holders, and resuspension of dust from work clothing, were done in three areas of a Be plant. No significant differences were found in Be air concentrations measured simultaneously by open and closed face cassettes, and 'mini hi-volume' samplers mounted on a test stand. No significant influence on Be collection was detected between either positively or negatively charged monitors and charge neutralized control monitors. The effect of contaminated work clothing on dust collection by lapel mounted monitors is most important. Beryllium release from the fabrics affected air concentrations measured by fabric mounted monitors more than it affected concentrations measured by monitors positioned above the fabrics. The latter were placed 16 cm from the vertically mounted fabrics, to simulate the position of the nose or mouth. We conclude that dust resuspended from work clothing is the major source of the observed discrepancy between exposures estimated from lapel mounted samplers and time-weighted averages
— id: 20268, year: 1984, vol: 45, page: 187, stat: Journal Article,

Radon and lung cancer in mines and homes
Harley NH
1984 Jun 7;310(23):1525-1527, New England journal of medicine
— id: 20267, year: 1984, vol: 310, page: 1525, stat: Journal Article,

Comparing radon daughter dose; environmental versus underground exposure
Harley, N.H.
1984 ;7(1-4):371-375, Radiation protection dosimetry
Lung cancer risk estimates are based on underground mining experience, so it is important to compare the doses for mining and environmental exposures. The absorbed alpha dose to target cells is calculated using the most recent values for particle size and diffusion coefficient for both atmospheres. The dose per unit exposure is essentially invariant with atmosphere over a wide range of conditions, therefore, environmental limits should be based directly on lung cancer risks from the underground miner epidemiological studies
— id: 98863, year: 1984, vol: 7, page: 371, stat: Journal Article,

Factors controlling indoor radom levels
Harley, Naomi H
New York : NYU Institute of Environmental Medicine, 1984,
— id: 1321, year: 1984, vol: , page: , stat: ,

Skin cancer incidence among children irradiated for ringworm of the scalp
Shore RE; Albert RE; Reed M; Harley N; Pasternack BS
1984 Oct;100(1):192-204, Radiation research
A series of about 2200 children who received X-ray treatment for ringworm of the scalp (tinea capitis) during the 1940s and 1950s, and a comparable group of 1400 treated without X ray, have been followed by mail questionnaire for an average of 26 years since treatment to tabulate the incidence of skin cancer. The X-ray treatment consisted of 300-380 R to five overlapping fields on the scalp, to cause complete depilation. This delivered doses of 300-600 rad to various portions of the scalp, with lower doses to the skin of the face and neck. In the irradiated group, 41 persons have had one or more basal cell carcinomas of the scalp or face while only three have been diagnosed in controls. There was a high prevalence of multiple skin cancers in the irradiated group (80 lesions among 41 cases). The minimum latent period for radiation-induced skin cancers was long--about 20 years--and this may be attributable to the young age of the population. The skin cancer risk was particularly pronounced on the face, where there would be more UVR exposure in addition to X-ray exposure. Lightness of complexion proved to be an important factor in the skin cancer risk. In addition, skin cancers were found only among caucasians, even though 25% of the study population were blacks. These findings suggest that UVR exposure levels or sensitivity to such exposure interact with ionizing radiation exposure in defining skin cancer risk.
— id: 10279, year: 1984, vol: 100, page: 192, stat: Journal Article,

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN ENVIRONMENTAL RN-222 MEASUREMENTS AND LOCAL WEATHER PARAMETERS COLLECTED IN A HIGH-RISE APARTMENT
ALTMAN, SM; HARLEY, NH
1983 ;45(1):254-254, Health physics
— id: 40518, year: 1983, vol: 45, page: 254, stat: Journal Article,

Sampling artifacts in the breathing zone
Cohen BS; Harley N; Martinelli C; Chang A; Lippmann M
Aerosols in the mining and industrial work environments Ann Arbor MI : Ann Arbor Science, 1983,
— id: 4330, year: 1983, vol: , page: 347, stat: Chapter,

CHARACTERIZATION OF THE PATTERN OF CIGARETTE-SMOKE AEROSOL ON AIRWAY SURFACES BY TRACK ETCH FILM DETECTORS
COHEN, BS; HARLEY, NH; TSO, TC
1983 ;2(2):294-294, Aerosol science & technology
— id: 40669, year: 1983, vol: 2, page: 294, stat: Journal Article,

EPIDEMIOLOGIC INVESTIGATION OF CANCER INCIDENCE IN PEOPLE LIVING NEAR NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS - REPLY
DREYER, NA; HARLEY, NH
1983 ;45(3):814-815, Health physics
— id: 40512, year: 1983, vol: 45, page: 814, stat: Journal Article,

INVESTIGATIONS OF HEALTH-EFFECTS IN POPULATIONS LIVING NEAR NUCLEAR INSTALLATIONS - REPLY
DREYER, NA; HARLEY, NH
1983 ;73(5):599-600, American journal of public health. AJPH
— id: 40676, year: 1983, vol: 73, page: 599, stat: Journal Article,

Measured 234,238U and fallout 239,240Pu in human bone ash from Nepal and Australia: skeletal alpha dose
Fisenne IM; Perry PM; Chu NY; Harley NH
1983 ;44 Suppl 1(4):457-467, Health physics
Human bone samples from Nepal and Australia were analyzed for isotopic uranium and fallout plutonium. The Nepalese samples were obtained for a 3-yr period (1976-78) while the Australian samples are representative of a single year (1977). The surface air plutonium concentrations for the latitude bands of these countries were either measured and/or estimated from 1954 through 1978. With the plutonium air concentrations and age-dependent breathing rates as input data, the measured human bone results were compared with skeletal estimates derived from the ICRP Task Group Inhalation Model, and the agreement was found to be reasonably good. The measured isotopic uranium concentrations in these samples provide a benchmark against which to assess fallout plutonium based upon a comparison of the skeletal alpha radiation dose from a natural actinide to these populations
— id: 20270, year: 1983, vol: 44 Suppl 1, page: 457, stat: Journal Article,

LONG-TERM MEASUREMENT OF RADON IN A SINGLE FAMILY DWELLING AND ITS CORRELATION WITH SELECTED METEOROLOGICAL VARIABLES
HARLEY, NH; ALTMAN, SM
1983 ;45(1):254-255, Health physics
— id: 40519, year: 1983, vol: 45, page: 254, stat: Journal Article,

Biokinetic modelling for mammalian lead metabolism
Kneip TJ; Mallon RP; Harley NH
1983 Fall;4(3):189-192, Neurotoxicology
— id: 20271, year: 1983, vol: 4, page: 189, stat: Journal Article,

Monitoring real-time aerosol distribution in the breathing zone
Martinelli CA; Harley NH; Lippmann M; Cohen BS
1983 Apr;44(4):280-285, American Industrial Hygiene Association journal
A prototype air sampling, data recording, and data retrieval system was developed for monitoring aerosol concentrations in a worker's breathing zone. Three continuous-reading, light-scattering aerosol monitors and a tape recorder were incorporated into a specially designed and fabricated backpack for detailed field monitoring of both temporal and spatial variability in aerosol concentrations within the breathing zone. The backpack was worn by workers in a beryllium refinery. The aerosol which passed through each monitor was collected on a back-up filter for later chemical analysis for Be and Cu. The aerosol concentrations were recorded on magnetic tape as a function of time. The recorded signals were subsequently transcribed onto a strip chart recorder, then evaluated using a microcomputer with graphics capability. Field measurements made of the aerosol concentration at the forehead, nose, and lapel of operators during the melting and casting of beryllium-copper alloy demonstrated that there is considerable variability in concentration at different locations within the breathing zone. They also showed that operations resulting in worker exposure can be identified, and the precise time and duration of exposure can be determined
— id: 20269, year: 1983, vol: 44, page: 280, stat: Journal Article,

Measurement of gamma-ray exposure over water to detect small increments due to local sources
Altman SM; Kolber AB; Harley NH
1982 Nov;43(5):738-742, Health physics
— id: 20272, year: 1982, vol: 43, page: 738, stat: Journal Article,

LONG-TERM ENVIRONMENTAL RN-222 MEASUREMENTS IN A HIGH-RISE APARTMENT
Altman, SM; Harley, NH
1982 ;43(1):94-95, Health physics
— id: 30529, year: 1982, vol: 43, page: 94, stat: Journal Article,

ATOMIC EMISSION-SPECTROMETRY OF TRACE LEVELS OF BERYLLIUM IN INDUSTRIAL AEROSOLS
CHANG, AE; MORSE, R; HARLEY, NH; LIPPMANN, M; COHEN, BS
1982 ;43(2):117-119, American Industrial Hygiene Association journal
— id: 40459, year: 1982, vol: 43, page: 117, stat: Journal Article,

EXPOSURE ESTIMATES FROM PERSONAL LAPEL MONITORS
COHEN, BS; CHANG, AE; HARLEY, NH; LIPPMANN, M
1982 ;43(4):239-243, American Industrial Hygiene Association journal
— id: 40434, year: 1982, vol: 43, page: 239, stat: Journal Article,

RADIOACTIVITY IN CIGARETTE-SMOKE
Cohen, BS; Harley, NH
1982 ;307(5):310-311, New England journal of medicine
— id: 30536, year: 1982, vol: 307, page: 310, stat: Journal Article,

The feasibility of epidemiologic studies of cancer in residents near the Rocky Flats Plant
Dreyer NA; Loughlin JE; Fahey FH; Harley NH
1982 Jan;42(1):65-68, Health physics
— id: 20274, year: 1982, vol: 42, page: 65, stat: Journal Article,

Genotoxic properties of radon and its daughters
Harley NH; Altman SM; Pasternack BS
Genotoxic effects of airborne agents New York : Plenum Press, 1982,
— id: 2794, year: 1982, vol: , page: 411, stat: Chapter,

Determination of half-dose depth in skin for soft x-rays
Harley NH; Kolber AB; Altman SM; Gladstein AH; Buchanan S; Marx J; Grisewood E; Kopf A
1982 Sep;7(3):328-332, Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology
Unlike superficial x-rays, the soft x-rays normally used in dermatologic practice spare unaffected underlying organs during treatment of cutaneous malignancies. However, since the dose with depth from soft x-rays varies markedly, it is important to know this relationship for optimal therapeutic results. The peak kilovoltage, and thus the energy of the beam, is generally selected so that the dose to the base of the lesion is one-half the surface dose. An absorbed dose of 3,400 rads to the surface and a dose of about one-half this amount to the base of most malignant lesions is one standard protocol for optimal therapeutic results. An accurate value of half-depth dose in skin is therefore necessary and is readily obtained from ordinary half-value layer measurements using the technic described
— id: 20273, year: 1982, vol: 7, page: 328, stat: Journal Article,

Environmental radon daughter alpha dose factors in a five-lobed human lung
Harley NH; Pasternack BS
1982 Jun;42(6):789-799, Health physics
The alpha dose from 222Rn daughters per unit exposure (rad per WLM or rad per year per pCi 222Rn/m3) to basal cells in bronchial epithelium in a five-lobed human male lung is calculated. These factors are then derived for women, children and infants by scaling the dimensions of the male lung. The 222Rn daughter characteristics chosen are those typical of environmental atmospheres. Both active and resting breathing patterns are utilized in the calculations to yield the overall dose per unit exposure in typical population exposures.
— id: 10287, year: 1982, vol: 42, page: 789, stat: Journal Article,

On the application of epidemiologic methods to the study of radon and lung cancer: a reply
Harley NH; Pasternack BS
1982 ;42:733-734, Health physics
— id: 32526, year: 1982, vol: 42, page: 733, stat: Journal Article,

LONG-TERM ENVIRONMENTAL RN-222 MEASUREMENTS IN A SINGLE FAMILY DWELLING
Harley, NH; Altman, SM
1982 ;43(1):122-122, Health physics
— id: 30530, year: 1982, vol: 43, page: 122, stat: Journal Article,

RESPONSE TO APPLICATION OF EPIDEMIOLOGIC METHODS TO THE STUDY OF RADON AND LUNG-CANCER
Harley, NH; Pasternack, BS
1982 ;42(5):734-735, Health physics
— id: 30545, year: 1982, vol: 42, page: 734, stat: Journal Article,

A continuous monitor for the measurement of environmental radon
Chittaporn P; Eisenbud M; Harley NH
1981 Aug;41(2):405-410, Health physics
— id: 20275, year: 1981, vol: 41, page: 405, stat: Journal Article,

Worldwide measurement of 226Ra in human bone: estimate of skeletal alpha dose
Fisenne IM; Keller HW; Harley NH
1981 Feb;40(2):163-171, Health physics
— id: 20276, year: 1981, vol: 40, page: 163, stat: Journal Article,

A model for predicting lung cancer risks induced by environmental levels of radon daughters
Harley NH; Pasternack BS
1981 Mar;40(3):307-316, Health physics
— id: 10292, year: 1981, vol: 40, page: 307, stat: Journal Article,

alpha Radioactivity in cigarette smoke
Cohen BS; Eisenbud M; Harley NH
1980 Jul;83(1):190-196, Radiation research
— id: 20279, year: 1980, vol: 83, page: 190, stat: Journal Article,

Measurement of the alpha-radioactivity on the mucosal surface of the human bronchial tree
Cohen BS; Eisenbud M; Harley NH
1980 Oct;39(4):619-632, Health physics
— id: 20277, year: 1980, vol: 39, page: 619, stat: Journal Article,

Measurements of alpha activity on the bronchial mucosa in smokers
Cohen BS; Harley NH
1980 Sep-Oct;35(5):313-314, Archives of environmental health
— id: 20278, year: 1980, vol: 35, page: 313, stat: Journal Article,

THE MEASUREMENT OF PB-210 AND PU-239,PU-240 IN THE LUNGS OF SMOKERS AND NON-SMOKERS
COHEN, BS; HARLEY, NH; FISENNE, IM
1980 ;39(6):1045-1046, Health physics
— id: 40272, year: 1980, vol: 39, page: 1045, stat: Journal Article,

CLINICAL AND RADIOBIOLOGIC FEATURES OF THOROTRAST-INDUCED CARCINOMA OF THE MAXILLARY SINUS - CASE-REPORT
Goren, AD; Harley, N; Eisenbud, L; Levin, S; Cohen, N
1980 ;49(3):237-242, Oral surgery, oral medicine, oral pathology, oral radiology, & endodontics
— id: 27925, year: 1980, vol: 49, page: 237, stat: Journal Article,

Potential health effects of man-made actinides compared with natural radionuclides
Harley, N.H.
1980 ;ns-27(1):682-688 February, IEEE transactions on nuclear science
Alpha emitters within the body are known to produce both bronchogenic carcinoma (lung cancer) and osteosarcoma (bone cancer). The alpha dose from naturally occurring radionuclides to these critical sites is compared with that which might be expected from the alpha emitters produced in nuclear power reactors (plutonium, americium and curium). Since the potential for cancer induction ought to be related to alpha dose, contamination of the environment with man-made alpha-emitting actinides can be evaluated on this basis
— id: 98875, year: 1980, vol: ns-27, page: 682, stat: Journal Article,

POTENTIAL HEALTH-EFFECTS OF MAN-MADE ACTINIDES COMPARED WITH NATURAL RADIONUCLIDES
Harley, NH
1980 ;27(1):682-688, IEEE transactions on nuclear science
— id: 27921, year: 1980, vol: 27, page: 682, stat: Journal Article,

Why the high background? [75Se] L-selenomethionine--a longterm culprit
Blum M; Harley NH; Kolber AB; Melnikoff L; Bailey M
1979 Apr;20(4):365-366, Journal of nuclear medicine
— id: 20281, year: 1979, vol: 20, page: 365, stat: Journal Article,

Distribution of polonium-210 in the human lung
Cohen BS; Eisenbud M; Wrenn ME; Harley NH
1979 Jul;79(1):162-168, Radiation research
— id: 20280, year: 1979, vol: 79, page: 162, stat: Journal Article,

MEASUREMENT OF THE ALPHA RADIOACTIVITY ON THE MUCOSAL SURFACE OF THE HUMAN BRONCHIAL TREE
Cohen, BS; Eisenbud, M; Harley, NH
1979 ;37(6):839-840, Health physics
— id: 28052, year: 1979, vol: 37, page: 839, stat: Journal Article,

Potential carcinogenic effects of actinides in the environment
Harley NH; Pasternack BS
1979 Sep;37(3):291-300, Health physics
— id: 10299, year: 1979, vol: 37, page: 291, stat: Journal Article,

UPPER LIMIT ESTIMATE OF LUNG-CANCER RISK FROM ENVIRONMENTAL RADON DAUGHTERS
Harley, NH; Pasternack, BS
1979 ;37(6):818-818, Health physics
— id: 28050, year: 1979, vol: 37, page: 818, stat: Journal Article,

DISTRIBUTION OF PO-210 IN THE HUMAN LUNG
Cohen, BS; Eisenbud, M; Wrenn, ME; Harley, NH
1978 ;35(6):898-898, Health physics
— id: 30167, year: 1978, vol: 35, page: 898, stat: Journal Article,

SEVERE CERVICAL FIBROSIS - FOLLOWING THORIUM-DIOXIDE INJECTION
Conley, J; Janecka, I; Harley, NH
1978 ;78(2):292-294, New York state journal of medicine
— id: 29699, year: 1978, vol: 78, page: 292, stat: Journal Article,

Effects of DDT on stable laboratory mouse populations
Del Pup JA; Pasternack BS; Harley NH; Kane PB; Palmes ED
1978 Jul;4(4):671-687, Journal of toxicology & environmental health
Four stable laboratory mouse populations were established; each contained approximately 400 mice of both sexes and all ages postweaning living in a single cage, as well as neonates caged in separate nesting boxes with their dams. Two were used to determine the effects of continuous exposure to a dietary level of 100 ppm DDT while the other two served as controls. The results indicated a significant decrease (p less than or equal to 0.05) in neonatal survival (lactation index) within 20 wk after the beginning of exposure to the toxicant in one of the exposed populations and by 30 wk in the other. This deleterious effect of the DDT continued through each succeeding generation. On the other hand, improved postweaning survival in DDT-fed mice was noted. Histological examination showed no tumors in test or control animals; other pathology was seen more frequently in control than in test animals.
— id: 10301, year: 1978, vol: 4, page: 671, stat: Journal Article,

Radioactivity in asbestos
Harley NH; Cohen BS; Pasternack BS; et al
1978 ;1(4):161-165, Environment international
226Ra has been measured in five asbestos group minerals. The activity levels are variable, are consistent with other forms of rock and range from 0.01-0.4 pCi 226Ra/g. Alpha particles from asbestos fibers immobilized in the lower lung near pleural surfaces and in the upper lung on bronchial surfaces may be implicated in initiating mesothelioma and bronchial carcinoma
— id: 32510, year: 1978, vol: 1, page: 161, stat: Journal Article,

DOSE FROM ACTINIDES IN THE ENVIRONMENT
Harley, NH; Pasternack, BS
1978 ;35(6):922-922, Health physics
— id: 30168, year: 1978, vol: 35, page: 922, stat: Journal Article,

The beta dose to critical human tumor sites from krypton-85
Harley NH; Pasternack BS
1977 Dec;33(6):567-575, Health physics
— id: 10303, year: 1977, vol: 33, page: 567, stat: Journal Article,

Follow-up study of patients treated by x-ray epilation for tinea capitis. Estimation of the dose to the thyroid and pituitary glands and other structures of the head and neck
Harley NH; Albert RE; Shore RE; Pasternack BS
1976 Jul;21(4):631-642, Physics in medicine & biology
This study is a further investigation of radiation dose to various head structures in the children given X-ray therapy for tinea capitis (ringworm of the scalp). In this work, estimates of the dose to the thyroid and pituitary gland were obtained with lithium fluoride thermoluminescent dosemeters using a child's head phantom. Doses were also measured for the parotid gland and several skin sites where skin tumours developed in the irradiated cases. In a previous study, brain and scalp doses of 140 and 500-800 rad had been estimated for the treated group using this same head phantom. In this work dosemeters were also placed in the same brain locations so that comparisons could be obtained between the two studies. The thyroid dose was estimated to be 6 +/- 2 rad and the pituitary dose was 49 +/- 6 rad for the conventional tinea capitis treatment. The dose to the parotid gland was 39 rad and the dose to skin sites on the face and neck where tumours occurred ranged from 20 to 40 rad. The data for the thyroid adenoma response from this and other studies involving irradiation of children suggests a linear dose-response relationship within the first 30-40 years after exposure with a risk of about 0-04% per rad.
— id: 10308, year: 1976, vol: 21, page: 631, stat: Journal Article,

A comparison of the dose to cells on trabecular bone surfaces from plutonium-239 and radium-226 based on experimental alpha absorption measurements
Harley NH; Pasternack BS
1976 Jan;30(1):35-46, Health physics
— id: 10312, year: 1976, vol: 30, page: 35, stat: Journal Article,

BETA DOSE TO CELLS IN BONE-MARROW AND ON BONE SURFACES FROM INHALED KR-85
HARLEY, NH; PASTERNACK, BS
1976 ;31(6):541-541, Health physics
— id: 40014, year: 1976, vol: 31, page: 541, stat: Journal Article,

Alpha absorption measurements applied to lung dose from plutonium-239
Harley NH; Pasternack SP
1975 Jan;28(1):61-67, Health physics
— id: 20282, year: 1975, vol: 28, page: 61, stat: Journal Article,

Permissible levels for occupational exposure to radon daughters
Harley JH; Harley NH
1974 Dec;27(6):593-598, Health physics
— id: 20283, year: 1974, vol: 27, page: 593, stat: Journal Article,

Experimental absorption applied to lung dose from thoron daughters
Harley NH; Pasternack BS
1973 Apr;24(4):379-386, Health physics
— id: 10324, year: 1973, vol: 24, page: 379, stat: Journal Article,

Alpha absorption measurements applied to lung dose from radon daughters
Harley NH; Pasternack BS
1972 Dec;23(6):771-782, Health physics
— id: 10325, year: 1972, vol: 23, page: 771, stat: Journal Article,

DETECTION LIMITS FOR RADIONUCLIDES IN ANALYSIS OF MULTI-COMPONENT GAMMA RAY SPECTROMETER DATA
PASTERNA.BS; HARLEY, NH
1971 ;91(3):533-&, Nuclear instruments & methods
— id: 98931, year: 1971, vol: 91, page: 533, stat: Journal Article,

The rapid estimation of radon daughter working levels when daughter equilibrium is unknown
Harley NH; Pasternack BS
1969 Jul;17(1):109-114, Health physics
— id: 10330, year: 1969, vol: 17, page: 109, stat: Journal Article,

Regression analysis of gamma ray spectrometer data with an application to the assay of human radioactivity burdens
Pasternack BS; Harley NH
Modern trends in activation analysis Washington DC : National Bureau of Standards, 1969,
— id: 2791, year: 1969, vol: II, page: 1220, stat: Chapter,