Sun-Hoo Foo, M.D.

Stroke risk among Chinese immigrants in New York City
Fang, Jing; Foo, Sun Hoo; Fung, Cora; Wylie-Rosett, Judith; Alderman, Michael H
2006 Oct;8(4):387-393, Journal of Immigrant & Minority Health
BACKGROUND: Little is known of risk factors for stroke among Chinese immigrants to the United States. We have conducted a case-control study to identify risk factors for stroke among foreign-born Chinese in New York City. METHODS: From September 2000 to June 2003, 187 sequential stroke cases (44 hemorrhagic) and 204 controls matched on age, gender, and years since immigration were recruited from New York Downtown Hospital, which was located next to New York City Chinatown. Risk factor status was assessed by questionnaire interview and medical chart review, which included clinical factors, sociodemographic characteristics, personal and family histories, and behavior and lifestyle factors, as well as behavioral changes after immigration to the United States. RESULTS: For cases and controls, mean ages were 74.8 and 74.7 years, 47.3% of cases and 47.5% of controls were male, and mean years since immigration to the United States were 26.7 and 26.8, respectively. Sociodemographic characteristics and behavioral pattern including cigarette smoking, exercise, and usage of special diet or dietary supplements were similar between cases and controls. However, stroke patients were more likely to have hypertension (76% vs. 59%, p<or/=0.001), increased blood pressure (165/84 mmHg vs. 140/74 mmHg, p<or=0.001) and left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) (10.1% vs. 4.3%, p<or=0.05), and less likely to consume poultry (odds ratio 0.80, 95% confidence interval (CI) 0.59-1.00); fish (0.70, 95% CI 0.42-0.96), fruit and vegetable juice (0.83, 95% CI 0.70-0.95), and grains (0.79, 95% CI 0.62-0.96) than were controls. CONCLUSION: Among Chinese immigrants in New York City, as in general population, poor controlled hypertension was related to the risk of stroke. Therefore, Chinese immigrants presenting with hypertension and/or a family history of hypertension should be detected and followed up regularly to monitor the blood pressure level. In addition, difference in food intake between stroke and control patients may present an opportunity for behavior intervention to prevent stroke
— id: 96074, year: 2006, vol: 8, page: 387, stat: Journal Article,

Seroprevalence of Helicobacter pylori in New York City populations originating in East Asia
Perez-Perez, Guillermo Ignacio; Olivares, Asalia Zuni; Foo, F Yeong; Foo, Sun; Neusy, Andre J; Ng, Christopher; Holzman, Robert S; Marmor, Michael; Blaser, Martin J
2005 Sep;82(3):510-516, Journal of urban health
Helicobacter pylori prevalence is higher in developing countries than in industrialized countries, and within the latter, higher among immigrants than among nativeborn residents. Using a point-prevalence survey, we sought to identify risk factors for H. pylori seropositivity in US urban East Asian-born populations. At a clinic in New York City, we consecutively enrolled 194 East Asian-born adults, who then responded to a survey and provided a blood sample. Assays were performed to detect IgG antibodies against whole cell (WC) and cytotoxin associated gene A (CagA) antigens of H. pylori. For this group (mean age 50.2+/-14.7 years), the mean period of residence in the United States was 11.9+/-7.7 years. The total H. pylori seroprevalence was 70.1%, with highest (81.4%) in Fujianese immigrants. Multiple logistic regression analysis indicated an independent association of H. pylori seropositivity with Fujianese origin [odds ratios (OR) =2.3, 95% confidence interval (95% CI) =1.05-5.0] and inverse associations with period in the United States (OR per year of residency in the United States =0.95, 95% CI =0.91-0.99) and with a history of dyspepsia (OR for a history of stomach pain =0.52, 95% CI =0.3-1.0). We conclude that H. pylori is highly prevalent among recent East Asian immigrants, especially among Fujianese. The protective effects of history of dyspepsia and duration in the United States suggest that these may be markers for antibiotic therapies.
— id: 58190, year: 2005, vol: 82, page: 510, stat: Journal Article,

Clinical characteristics of stroke among Chinese in New York City
Fang, Jing; Foo, Sun Hoo; Jeng, Jiann-Shing; Yip, Ping-Keung; Alderman, Michael H
2004 Summer;14(3):378-383, Ethnicity & disease
BACKGROUND: Limited information exists on clinical characteristics of stroke among Chinese persons living in the United States. We compared the clinical characteristics of Chinese and White stroke patients living in New York City. METHODS: We reviewed the medical records of stroke patients hospitalized at NYU Downtown Hospital from January 1995 to July 1998. RESULTS: During 3.5 years, there were 728 admissions for stroke (454 Chinese, 115 Whites, 75 Blacks, 80 Hispanics, and 4 other Asia). Chinese and White patients had similar age and gender distributions. Compared with Whites, Chinese patients had a lower body mass index (22.8 vs 25.8, respectively, P=0.02), were less likely to smoke (13% vs 20%, respectively, P<0.01), or regularly consume alcohol (8% vs 25%, respectively, P<0.01). Although recorded blood pressure was similar, Chinese patients were more likely than Whites to have a history of hypertension (77% vs 64%, respectively, P=0.03), left ventricular hypertrophy (37% vs 25%, respectively. P=0.02), history of diabetes (33% vs 21%, respectively, P=0.01), and higher levels of blood lipids and glucose. Chinese patients were more likely than Whites to have hemorrhagic stroke (24% vs 17%, respectively, P=0.02). Overall age-adjusted in-hospital mortality rate was 14.2%, and no significant difference was observed between Chinese and Whites (13.8% vs 14.8%, respectively, P=0.1). For both races, hemorrhagic stroke was far more likely to be fatal than ischemic stroke (34.5% vs 6.1%, respectively, P<0.001). Factors associated with in-hospital death included systolic blood pressure, blood glucose level, history of coronary heart disease, and diabetes. CONCLUSIONS: Chinese patients who suffered a stroke showed higher risk profiles, and were more likely to experience a more lethal hemorrhagic stroke, compared to White patients. The short-term in-hospital survival rates were similar between Chinese and White patients with stroke
— id: 96075, year: 2004, vol: 14, page: 378, stat: Journal Article,

Hypertension and the risk of stroke among Chinese immigrants to New York City
Fang, J; Foo, SH; Fung, C; Alderman, MH
2003 MAY ;16(5):209A-209A, American journal of hypertension
— id: 55540, year: 2003, vol: 16, page: 209A, stat: Journal Article,

Recognizing dementia
Chen, Hongtu; Foo, Sun-Hoo; Ury, Wayne
2002 Sep;176(4):267-270, Western journal of medicine
— id: 96076, year: 2002, vol: 176, page: 267, stat: Journal Article,

Clinical characteristics of hospitalized stroke patients among Chinese and whites
Foo, SH; Fang, J; Alderman, MH
2002 JAN ;33(1):411-411, Stroke
— id: 55322, year: 2002, vol: 33, page: 411, stat: Journal Article,

Clinical characteristics of stroke among Chinese patients
Foo, S H; Fang, J; Jeng, J S; Yip, P K; Alderman, M H
2000 May 16-20;13(4 Part 2):234A-234A, American journal of hypertension
— id: 15808, year: 2000, vol: 13, page: 234A, stat: Journal Article,

Clinical characteristics of stroke among Chinese patients
Foo, S; Fang, J; Alderman, M; Jeng, JS; Yip, PK
2000 DEC ;18(6):S116-S116, Journal of hypertension
— id: 55268, year: 2000, vol: 18, page: S116, stat: Journal Article,

Hippocampal atrophy correlates with severe cognitive impairment in elderly patients with suspected normal pressure hydrocephalus
Golomb J; de Leon MJ; George AE; Kluger A; Convit A; Rusinek H; de Santi S; Litt A; Foo SH; Ferris SH
1994 May;57(5):590-593, Journal of neurology neurosurgery & psychiatry
Measurements of hippocampal formation atrophy using MRI have been useful in distinguishing demented patients with a diagnosis of probable Alzheimer's disease from cognitively normal controls. To determine whether there is a similar relationship between hippocampal size and dementia in elderly patients suspected of normal pressure hydrocephalus (NPH), the authors obtained mini-mental status examination (MMSE) scores and MRI measurements of hippocampal size and CSF volume on 16 elderly patients whose severe ventriculomegaly and unexplained gait impairment made NPH a probable diagnosis. Hippocampal size correlated strongly with MMSE score (r = 0.75, p < 0.001); no significant MMSE correlation was found for ventricular CSF volume or extra-ventricular/ventricular CSF ratio. It was concluded that hippocampal atrophy is associated with severe cognitive dysfunction in many elderly patients with a diagnosis of NPH. As a hypothesis for further investigation, the detection of such atrophy may help identify cases where the presence of a pathology of Alzheimer's disease complicates the diagnosis of NPH
— id: 6390, year: 1994, vol: 57, page: 590, stat: Journal Article,

DEXAMETHASONE IN PRIMARY SUPRATENTORIAL INTRACEREBRAL HEMORRHAGE
Foo, SH
1988 Jan 28;318(4):255-255, New England journal of medicine
— id: 31563, year: 1988, vol: 318, page: 255, stat: Journal Article,

Deprenyl in the treatment of symptom fluctuations in advanced Parkinson's disease
Golbe LI; Lieberman AN; Muenter MD; Ahlskog JE; Gopinathan G; Neophytides AN; Foo SH; Duvoisin RC
1988 Feb;11(1):45-55, Clinical neuropharmacology
Deprenyl, a selective inhibitor of monoamine oxidase, type B, which is free of the 'tyramine effect,' may ameliorate symptom fluctuations in advanced Parkinson's disease (PD). We randomized 96 patients with marked symptom fluctuations at three centers to receive either deprenyl 5 mg b.i.d. or placebo in parallel fashion in addition to a previously optimized levodopa/carbidopa (Sinemet) regimen. Disability was recorded hourly at home by patients 3 days weekly during the 2-week baseline and the 6-week treatment period. Disability during the 'on' state was assessed each week by examination. Mean hourly self-assessment of gait improved in 28 of 50 patients (56%) receiving deprenyl (mean degree of improvement 0.25 points on a 0-2 scale) and in 14 of 46 (30.4%) taking placebo (mean 0.15). Mean hourly overall symptom control improved in 29 (58%) taking deprenyl (mean 0.34) and in 12 (26.1%) taking placebo (mean 0.15) (p less than 0.01 for each parameter). No significant improvement occurred in the objective quality of the 'on' state with deprenyl. Mean daily Sinemet dosage decreases were 17% in the deprenyl group and 7% in the placebo group. Adverse effects included nausea, light-headedness, dyskinesias, and hallucinations, all of which abated after the Sinemet dose was reduced. We conclude that deprenyl is of moderate benefit in a majority of patients with symptom fluctuations complicating PD and is generally well tolerated
— id: 65763, year: 1988, vol: 11, page: 45, stat: Journal Article,

Visual system toxicity following intra-arterial chemotherapy
Kupersmith MJ; Frohman LP; Choi IS; Foo SH; Hiesinger E; Berenstein A; Wise A; Carr RE; Ransohoff J
1988 Feb;38(2):284-289, Neurology
We studied the effects of intra-arterial chemotherapy on the visual system of 29 consecutive patients with gliomas. As expected, infra-ophthalmic carotid infusion of cisplatin or carmustine (BCNU) was associated with clinically apparent anterior visual pathway lesions. Electroretinography revealed retinal dysfunction in patients without clinical abnormalities. Supra-ophthalmic carotid infusion of cisplatin or BCNU caused no retinal or optic nerve lesions. Electroretinography was abnormal in only one of these patients. Our results indicated that BCNU and cisplatin cause ischemic damage and are toxic to both retinal and neural tissue in patients with gliomas
— id: 57470, year: 1988, vol: 38, page: 284, stat: Journal Article,

Longitudinal CT study of parenchymal brain changes in glioma survivors
Stylopoulos LA; George AE; de Leon MJ; Miller JD; Foo SH; Hiesiger E; Wise A
1988 May-Jun;9(3):517-522, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology
We reviewed the serial CT studies obtained between 1974 and 1986 of 31 patients with malignant glioma who survived for 2 to 11 years after surgical removal of their tumors. In all cases surgery was followed by radiation therapy to the head (6000 rad) and chemotherapy. Patients were divided into two age groups: those under age 40 (n = 13) and those over age 40 (n = 18). By 2 years all patients in the older group developed evidence of leukoencephalopathy characterized by periventricular zones of decreased attenuation. Only 58% of the younger group showed evidence of white matter changes at this point. All patients from both age groups who survived for 4 years developed leukoencephalopathy. The severity of leukoencephalopathy from 6 months after surgery and beyond was always greater in the older group. All patients developed cerebral atrophy as evidenced by sulcal dilatation and ventricular enlargement. Atrophy was progressive beginning with the first postirradiation scan, and was always more severe in the older patients. A significant difference was found in the clinical status of the two age groups as determined by the mental status score and the Karnofsky scale. Despite progressive brain changes, survivors under age 40 maintained a nearly normal mental status and Karnofsky scores until their death, whereas survivors over age 40 showed progressive clinical decline
— id: 9469, year: 1988, vol: 9, page: 517, stat: Journal Article,

MR FEATURES OF NECROTIZING LEUKOENCEPHALOPATHY FOLLOWING IRRADIATION OF MALIGNANT GLIOMA
George, AE; Stylopoulos, LA; Deleon, MJ; Wise, A; Foo, SH; Hiesiger, E
1987 Sep-Oct;8(5):970-970, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology
— id: 31136, year: 1987, vol: 8, page: 970, stat: Journal Article,

Deprenyl versus placebo in Parkinson disease: a double-blind study
Lieberman, A N; Gopinathan, G; Neophytides, A; Foo, S H
1987 Dec;87(12):646-649, New York state journal of medicine
— id: 122199, year: 1987, vol: 87, page: 646, stat: Journal Article,

LONGITUDINAL CT STUDY OF PARENCHYMAL BRAIN CHANGES IN GLIOMA SURVIVORS
Stylopoulos, LA; George, AE; Deleon, MJ; Miller, J; Foo, SH; Hiesiger, E
1987 Sep-Oct;8(5):948-949, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology
— id: 31132, year: 1987, vol: 8, page: 948, stat: Journal Article,

Supraophthalmic intracarotid infusion of BCNU for malignant glioma
Foo, S H; Choi, I S; Berenstein, A; Wise, A; Ransohoff, J; Koslow, M; George, A; Lin, J; Feigin, I; Budzilovich, G
1986 Nov;36(11):1437-1444, Neurology
We treated five patients with 11 supraophthalmic infusions of BCNU at 200 mg/m2 every 2 months. All three patients with residual tumors showed marked CT response after one infusion. Two patients with bilateral tumors had no response on the contralateral side. All four evaluable cases showed evidence of BCNU neurotoxicity. CT findings superficially resembled tumor recurrence, but white matter changes, nonspecific gyral enhancement, and delayed calcification were more indicative of neurotoxicity. There were no procedure-related complications. One autopsy suggested that direct parenchymal damage might be responsible for delayed neurotoxicity. Supraophthalmic BCNU infusion, at this dosage, is too toxic for cerebral tissue
— id: 67634, year: 1986, vol: 36, page: 1437, stat: Journal Article,

Positron emission tomography of hydrocephalus. Metabolic effects of shunt procedures
George AE; de Leon MJ; Miller J; Klinger A; Foo SH; Christman DL; Wolf A
1986 ;369:435-439, Acta radiologica. Supplementum
Five patients with hydrocephalus were studied with carbon-11-2-deoxyglucose or 2-deoxy-2-(18F) fluoro-D-glucose and positron emission tomography both prior to and following ventricular shunting. Four subjects had communicating hydrocephalus; the fifth had aqueductal stenosis, two patients had hydrocephalus for three months or less. The three chronic patients were felt to have hydrocephalus for three years or more. After shunting ventricular size decreased in all patients, and all patients showed clinical improvement. The glucose cerebral metabolic rates increased after shunt in the two subjects with recent onset hydrocephalus but paradoxially decreased in the three chronic patients despite clinical improvement. These findings suggest that the cerebrum was metabolically hyperactive prior to shunt due to an unknown mechanism and presumably in response to the presence of hydrocephalus. A dissociation may also exist in the post-shunt period between cerebral metabolism and cerebral blood flow
— id: 9480, year: 1986, vol: 369, page: 435, stat: Journal Article,

Intra-arterial BCNU chemotherapy for malignant gliomas
Foo, S H; Ransohoff, J; Berenstein, A; Choy, I S
1985 Mar;62(3):458-459, Journal of neurosurgery
— id: 67636, year: 1985, vol: 62, page: 458, stat: Journal Article,

THE DIFFERENTIATION OF COMMUNICATING HYDROCEPHALUS FROM ATROPHY USING POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY (PET)
George, AE; Deleon, MJ; Foo, SH; Miller, J; Ferris, SH; Christman, DR; Wolf, A
1985 ;6(3):468-469, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology
— id: 30912, year: 1985, vol: 6, page: 468, stat: Journal Article,

Acanthosis nigricans-like hyperpigmentation secondary to triazinate therapy
Greenspan AH; Shupack JL; Foo SH; Wise AC
1985 Feb;121(2):232-235, Archives of dermatology
Cutaneous hyperpigmentation resembling acanthosis nigricans developed in two patients with malignant brain tumors following chemotherapy with triazinate (Baker's Antifol), a folic acid antagonist. In both cases, the eruption resolved after the cessation of drug administration and reappeared after the reinstitution of triazinate therapy. A skin biopsy specimen from one patient showed microscopic changes consistent with those found in acanthosis nigricans. The other patient had a decreased serum folate level that returned to normal as the hyperpigmentation resolved. Folate may have a role in triazinate-induced acanthosislike hyperpigmentation
— id: 16429, year: 1985, vol: 121, page: 232, stat: Journal Article,

MAGNETIC-RESONANCE AND POSITRON EMISSION TOMOGRAPHY EVALUATIONS OF HYDROCEPHALUS
GEORGE, AE; DELEON, M; KALNIN, A; ROSNER, L; MILLER, J; COOPER, P; FOO, S; CHRISTMAN, D; GOODGOLD, A; WOLF, A; CHASE, N
1984 ;5(5):671-672, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology
— id: 40913, year: 1984, vol: 5, page: 671, stat: Journal Article,

CT prognostic criteria of survival after malignant glioma surgery
Andreou, J; George, A E; Wise, A; de Leon, M; Kricheff, I I; Ransohoff, J; Foo, S H
1983 May-Jun;4(3):488-490, AJNR. American journal of neuroradiology
The serial pre- and postoperative computed tomographic (CT) scans of 115 patients entered in the Cooperative Brain Tumor Study between 1975 and 1982 were analyzed in order to define CT prognostic criteria and to test the hypothesis that radical glioma surgery prolongs patient survival. The CT parameters of mass size, associated edema, and intensity of enhancement were quantitated on all scans. Clinical parameters evaluated included gender, age, length of survival, and useful (Karnofsky greater than 30) survival. Data analyses indicated postoperative residual tumor burden was inversely related to length of survival (p less than 0.01). Postoperative associated edema and intensity of image enhancement were also of prognostic value and showed an inverse relation to survival. Younger patients proved more likely than older patients to attain long-term survival. Residual tumor burden of less than 45 mm diameter on postoperative CT scans was associated with 70% chance of long-term survival. These findings support the radical surgical management of glioma
— id: 67643, year: 1983, vol: 4, page: 488, stat: Journal Article,

Long term survival among patients with malignant brain tumors
Lieberman, A N; Foo, S H; Ransohoff, J; Wise, A; George, A; Gordon, W; Walker, R
1982 Apr;10(4):450-453, Neurosurgery
Eight of 57 patients (14%) with malignant astrocytomas lived at least 2 years. The mean survival time was 143 weeks (range, 104 to 250 weeks). All of the patients were treated with operation, radiation, and chemotherapy. Four of the 8 patients died because of tumor recurrence, 1 died from a second primary tumor, 2 died of cases unrelated to the tumor, and 1 is still alive. Diffuse cortical dysfunction associated with cortical atrophy that could not be related to tumor regrowth and was not explained by focal deficits, psychotic of depressive thought disorders, metabolic or endocrine abnormalities, or hydrocephalus developed in the 3 longest-surviving patients. The diffuse dysfunction was initially apparent only through psychometric testing, but eventually became so disabling as to result in 2 of the 3 patients retiring from work. Although small, but gratifying, gains have been made in the treatment of patients with malignant brain tumors, accompanying these gains have been problems of a magnitude that is only now beginning to be appreciated
— id: 67652, year: 1982, vol: 10, page: 450, stat: Journal Article,

Long-term efficacy of bromocriptine in Parkinson disease
Lieberman A; Kupersmith M; Neophytides A; Casson I; Durso R; Foo SH; Khayali M; Bear G; Goldstein M
1980 May;30(5):518-523, Neurology
Twenty-eight patients with Parkinson disease (PD) were treated with bromocriptine for at least 2 years (mean, 2.8 years; range, 2 to 5 years). All of them had first been treated with levodopa (alone or combined with carbidopa, as Sinemet) for 7.4 years (range, 1 to 10 years). At the time bromocriptine was started, all were showing increasing disability. In these patients, attempts to increase levodopa resulted in adverse effects, and attempts to decrease levodopa resulted in increased parkinsonism. Bromocriptine (mean daily dose, 56 mg) was added to levodopa and resulted in improvement of at least one stage (Hoehn and Yahr scale) in 21 of the patients. After 2 years, five of these patients continue to maintain this improvement. The remaining patients, although there has been deterioration, maintain some of their original improvement. Bromocriptine, when added to levodopa, results in improvement that is maintained, in part, for at least 2 years. The ratio of bromocriptine to levodopa has to be periodically readjusted
— id: 18212, year: 1980, vol: 30, page: 518, stat: Journal Article,

Bromocriptine in Parkinson's disease: report on 106 patients treated for up to 5 years
Lieberman, A N; Kupersmith, M; Neophytides, A; Gopinathan, G; Casson, I; Durso, R; Foo, S H; Khayali, M; Tartaro, T; Goldstein, M
1980 ;23:245-253, Advances in biochemical psychopharmacology
— id: 122226, year: 1980, vol: 23, page: 245, stat: Journal Article,

Bromocriptine mesylate in Parkinson's disease
Lieberman A; Kupersmith M; Neophytides A; Casson I; Durso R; Foo SH; Khayali M; Tartaro T
1979 Oct;79(11):1689-1692, New York state journal of medicine
— id: 63266, year: 1979, vol: 79, page: 1689, stat: Journal Article,

Huntington's disease
Lieberman A; Neophytides A; Casson I; Durso R; Foo SH; Khayali M; Tartaro T
1979 Jul;79(8):1188-1190, New York state journal of medicine
— id: 63322, year: 1979, vol: 79, page: 1188, stat: Journal Article,

Treatment of Parkinson's disease with dopamine agonists: a review
Lieberman, A; Neophytides, A; Kupersmith, M; Casson, I; Durso, R; Foo, S H; Khayali, M; Tartaro, T; Goldstein, M
1979 Jul-Aug;278(1):65-76, American journal of the medical sciences
Bromocriptine and lergotrile were administered to 81 patients with Parkinson disease (PD) and increasing disability despite optimal treatment with levodopa (secondary levodopa failures). Sixty-six patients were treated with bromocriptine and 53 patients were treated with lergotrile. Both groups had significantly decreased rigidity, tremor, bradykinesia and gait disturbance upon addition of bromocriptine or lergotrile to levodopa. Twenty-five patients improved at least one-stage on bromocriptine, and 21 improved at least one-stage on lergotrile. The mean dose of bromocriptine was 47 mg, and the mean dose of lergotrile was 49 mg, permitting a 10% reduction in levodopa. Bromocriptine was discontinued in 29 of 66 patients because of adverse effects, including mental changes (14 patients) and involuntary movements (9 patients). Lergotrile was discontinued in 33 of 53 patients because of adverse effects including hepatotoxicity (11 patients) and mental changes (12 patients). The results of treatment with bromocriptine or lergotrile were comparable, with patients either responding or not. Bromocriptine will shortly be available for use in PD. Lergotrile, because of the hepatotoxicity, will not
— id: 122228, year: 1979, vol: 278, page: 65, stat: Journal Article,

BROMOCRIPTINE AND LERGOTRILE - COMPARATIVE EFFICACY IN PARKINSON DISEASE [Abtract]
Lieberman, AN; Kupersmith, M; Casson, I; Durso, R; Foo, SH; Khayali, M; Tartaro, T
1979 ;6(1):82-82, Canadian journal of neurological sciences
— id: 30026, year: 1979, vol: 6, page: 82, stat: Journal Article,