Joseph Fetto, M.D.

Electronic measurement of soft-tissue balancing
Fetto J.F.; Hadley S.; Leffers K.J.; Leslie C.J.D.O.; Schwarzkopf R.
2011 ;69(4):285-288, Bulletin of the NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases
Soft tissue balancing during total knee arthroplasty (TKA) has a direct affect on patello-femoral tracking and knee range of motion, which are necessary for a well functioning TKA postoperatively. We report on the use of an electronic pressure sensing instrument for soft tissue balancing of the knee before completion of all intraoperative bone cuts, as a way to improve patellar tracking. In a retrospective study of 99 consecutive TKAs, with intraoperative electronic instrument guided soft tissue balancing performed, a reduction in the incidence of lateral patellar retinacular release was found, as compared with the 100 consecutive TKAs prior to its use (5.5% v 12%, respectively). Electronic measurement of soft tissue balancing during TKA reduced the need for lateral patellar retinacular release
— id: 148754, year: 2011, vol: 69, page: 285, stat: Journal Article,

Finite element analysis of femoral neck stress in relation to pelvic width
Schwarzkopf R.; Dong N.N.G.; Fetto J.F.
2011 ;69(4):292-297, Bulletin of the NYU Hospital for Joint Diseases
Hip resurfacing arthroplasty has been developed as an alternative to traditional total hip arthroplasty, in an effort to minimize the loss of native bone in young patients with symptomatic hip osteoarthritis. Femoral neck fracture following hip resurfacing is a unique complication; several risk factors are associated with this complication, including female gender. In the present study, we used finite element models of the proximal femur to simulate stresses across the femoral neck in pelvis models with varying widths. This analysis demonstrated an increase in hip reaction forces as the width of the pelvis increases, a condition that simulates a resurfacing condition in a female pelvis. This difference in peak stress on the femoral neck may explain the ncreased incidence of femoral neck fractures seen in female patients following hip resurfacing
— id: 148753, year: 2011, vol: 69, page: 292, stat: Journal Article,

Regional variations of bone quantity and quality impact femoral head collapse
Zaino, Christian J; Leali, Alex; Fetto, Joseph F
2010 Jan;468(1):276-282, Clinical orthopaedics & related research
Osteonecrosis (ON) of the femoral head causes the bone to deteriorate, buckle, and collapse. As the vasculature is reportedly uniform in the femoral head, one would expect uniform susceptibility to ON; however, collapse typically occurs in the anterior region. We asked whether regional variations in bone quantity and/or quality could explain the bone's anterior susceptibility despite uniform vascularity. We examined seven femoral heads resected for primary osteoarthritis and three removed after femoral neck fracture. Each was cut into 4-mm-thick, 1.5 cm x 1.5-cm bone squares, processed for light microscopy, and sectioned twice. One section was stained with Gomori's trichrome and assessed by a computer-assisted microscope, which calculated trabecular area, a measure of bone quantity. The other was stained with hematoxylin and eosin and assessed by light microscopy to identify trabecular microfractures, a measure of bone quality. Bone quantity and quality were reduced in the fracture group as a whole; bone quantity was uniform in each femoral head, but the quality was reduced in the anterior portion. The quality was further reduced in the superior region of arthritic bone and in the lateral-inferior regions of the fractured bones. Our findings suggest the anterior susceptibility is the result of bone loading and, as such, reinforcement of the femoral head in ON should focus on the anterior hemisphere
— id: 105960, year: 2010, vol: 468, page: 276, stat: Journal Article,

Musculoskeletal examination
Gross, Jeffrey M; Fetto, Joseph; Rosen, Elaine
Hoboken NJ : Wiley-Blackwell, 2009,
— id: 1823, year: 2009, vol: , page: , stat: ,

Promising mid-term results of total hip arthroplasties using an uncemented lateral-flare hip prosthesis: a clinical and radiographic study
Leali, Alex; Fetto, Joseph
2007 Dec;31(6):845-849, International orthopaedics
The clinical results after total hip replacements using noncemented stems have shown considerable variability over the years; the design and characteristics of the implant seemed to play a role in explaining this fact. The purpose of this paper is to report the clinical, radiographic and densitometry results of total hip arthroplasties using a stem designed for noncemented implantation and to engage and load the femur proximally. Fifty-eight consecutive patients (62 hips) followed for an average of 4.3 years (range 36-70 months) were clinically and radiographically followed up at three weeks, three months, six months, one year, and yearly thereafter. The average pre-operative Harris hip score was 49 increasing to 98 at the latest follow-up. There were no cases of aseptic or septic loosening. The average subsidence at three years was 0.45 mm (SD +/- 0.36 mm). Radiographically all hips were classified as stable, and evident changes compatible with new bone apposition were observed in 64% of the cases. The extended proximal geometry of the device seems to favour initial and secondary stability as reflected by the low subsidence values over time. The maintenance of periprosthetic bone stock and the absence of stress shielding can be explained by the predominantly proximal loading pattern of the stem
— id: 74804, year: 2007, vol: 31, page: 845, stat: Journal Article,

Favorable midterm results of total hip arthroplasties with a lateral flare uncemented stem
Leali, Alex; Fetto, Joseph; Insler, Harvey
2006 Sep;450:138-144, Clinical orthopaedics & related research
Uncemented stems have been advocated for primary total hip arthroplasties in the young active population. We evaluated the clinical and radiographic results of total hip arthroplasties with a customized lateral flare cementless femoral stem in a prospective, consecutive series of 35 patients (40 hips) younger than 55 years at the time of surgery and who were followed up for an average of 9.2 years (range, 5.7-12.2 years). The study group comprised 20 men and 15 women with an average age of 45.2 years (range, 30-55 years). One patient had aseptic loosening of the stem and one patient had a deep infection. The mean preoperative Harris hip score was 47 and at the latest followup it was 97. The mean axial migration was 0.51 mm. Femoral osteolysis was found to be circumscribed to the proximal femur in Gruen Zones 1 (15%) and 7 (8%) in patients with accelerated polyethylene wear. Radiographic changes consistent with new bone apposition under the lateral flare of the stem in Zones 2, 6, and 7 were found in 73% of the cases. Our data suggest a custom lateral flare stem for primary arthroplasties in the younger patient population achieves excellent clinical results with a low rate of aseptic loosening. LEVEL OF EVIDENCE: Therapeutic study, Level IV (case series)
— id: 68932, year: 2006, vol: 450, page: 138, stat: Journal Article,

Relapsing oligoarticular septic arthritis during etanercept treatment of rheumatoid arthritis
Mor, Adam; Mitnick, Hal J; Greene, Jeffry B; Azar, Natalie; Budnah, Reynaldo; Fetto, Joseph
2006 Apr;12(2):87-89, Journal of clinical rheumatology. JCR
Septic arthritis is a commonly reported complication of rheumatoid arthritis (RA). Tumor necrosis factor alpha (TNF-alpha) plays an important role in host defense against infection. Inhibition of its activity could therefore be anticipated to augment the risk of infection. Both opportunistic and bacterial infections have been described in patients with RA treated with anti-TNF-alpha therapy. We describe a patient who experienced 2 episodes of septic arthritis. Both occurred while the patient was on etanercept. Recurrence developed despite prolonged parenteral antibiotic. To our knowledge, this is the first report of relapsing oligoarticular methicillin-sensitive Staphylococcus aureus septic arthritis despite prolonged antibiotic treatment in a patient receiving etanercept therapy. Our case underscores the advisability of discontinuing TNF-alpha blockade in patients with septic arthritis during prolonged antimicrobial therapy
— id: 68627, year: 2006, vol: 12, page: 87, stat: Journal Article,

Prediction of femoral head collapse in osteonecrosis
Volokh, K Y; Yoshida, H; Leali, A; Fetto, J F; Chao, E Y S
2006 Jun;128(3):467-470, Journal of biomechanical engineering
The femoral head deteriorates in osteonecrosis. As a consequence of that, the cortical shell of the femoral head can buckle into the cancellous bone supporting it. In order to examine the buckling scenario we performed numerical analysis of a realistic femoral head model. The analysis included a solution of the hip contact problem, which provided the contact pressure distribution, and subsequent buckling simulation based on the given contact pressure. The contact problem was solved iteratively by approximating the cartilage by a discrete set of unilateral linear springs. The buckling calculations were based on a finite element mesh with brick elements for the cancellous bone and shell elements for the cortical shell. Results of 144 simulations for a variety of geometrical, material, and loading parameters strengthen the buckling scenario. They, particularly, show that the normal cancellous bone serves as a strong supporting foundation for the cortical shell and prevents it from buckling. However, under the development of osteonecrosis the deteriorating cancellous bone is unable to prevent the cortical shell from buckling and the critical pressure decreases with the decreasing Young modulus of the cancellous bone. The local buckling of the cortical shell seems to be the driving force of the progressive fracturing of the femoral head leading to its entire collapse. The buckling analysis provides an additional criterion of the femoral head collapse, the critical contact pressure. The buckling scenario also suggests a new argument in speculating on the femoral head reinforcement. If the entire collapse of the femoral head starts with the buckling of the cortical shell then it is reasonable to place the reinforcement as close to the cortical shell as possible
— id: 129259, year: 2006, vol: 128, page: 467, stat: Journal Article,

Three-dimensional dynamic hip contact area and pressure distribution during activities of daily living
Yoshida, H; Faust, A; Wilckens, J; Kitagawa, M; Fetto, J; Chao, EYS
2006 SEP ;39(11):1996-2004, Journal of biomechanics
Estimation of the hip joint contact area and pressure distribution during activities of daily living is important in predicting joint degeneration mechanism, prosthetic implant wear, providing biomechanical rationales for preoperative planning and postoperative rehabilitation. These biontechanical data were estimated utilizing a generic hip model, the Discrete Element Analysis technique, and the in vivo hip joint contact force data. The three-dimensional joint potential contact area was obtained from the anteroposterior radiograph of a subject and the actual joint contact area and pressure distribution in eight activities of daily living were calculated. During fast, normal, and slow walking, the peak pressure of moderate magnitude was located at the lateral roof of the acetabulum during mid-stance. In standing up and sitting down, and during knee bending, the peak pressures were located at the edge of the posterior horn and the magnitude of the peak pressure during sitting down was 2.8 times that of normal walking. The peak pressure was found at the lateral roof in climbing up stairs which was higher than that in going down stairs. These results can be used to rationalize rehabilitation protocols, functional restrictions after complex acetabular reconstructions, and prosthetic component wear and fatigue test set up. The same model and analysis can provide further insight to soft tissue loading and pathology such as labral injury. When the pressure distribution on the acetabulum is inverted onto the femoral head, prediction of subchondral bone collapse associated with avascular necrosis can be achieved with improved accuracy. (c) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
— id: 98069, year: 2006, vol: 39, page: 1996, stat: Journal Article,

Vysetreni pohyboveho aparatu : preklad druheho anglickeho vydani = Musculoskeletal examination
Gross, Jeffrey M; Fetto, Joseph; Rosen, Elaine
Praha : Triton, 2005,
— id: 1824, year: 2005, vol: , page: , stat: ,

Comprehensive deep venous thrombosis prevention strategy after total-knee arthroplasty
Ragucci, Mark V; Leali, Alex; Moroz, Alex; Fetto, Joseph
2003 Mar;82(3):164-168, American journal of physical medicine & rehabilitation
OBJECTIVE: Venous thromboembolism after total-knee arthroplasty represents a common early postoperative complication resulting in significant morbidity. Despite this, the optimal prophylactic regimen is controversial. The prevalence of venous thromboembolism has been cited as high as 35% in patients receiving pharmacologic prevention alone. We investigated the efficacy of a comprehensive prevention protocol encompassing the use of epidural anesthesia, aspirin, venous foot compression pumps, and early mobilization in a series of consecutive total-knee arthroplasties. DESIGN: A series of 100 consecutive total-knee arthroplasty patients were enrolled into the prospective trial. All patients were allowed full weight bearing on the first postoperative day and ambulation as tolerated. Venous foot compression pumps and aspirin were used immediately after surgery in the totality of subjects. Seventy-five percent of the patients were transferred to an acute rehabilitation service during the first postoperative week. The presence of deep-vein thrombosis was subsequently determined with the routine use of venous duplex scans. RESULTS: Three patients (3%) demonstrated evidence of distal deep-vein thrombosis. No patient had symptomatic pulmonary embolism. CONCLUSION: The combination of epidural anesthesia, aspirin, immediate postoperative venous foot compression pumps, and early ambulation together seem to be a more effective approach to prevent the occurrence of thromboembolic events after knee replacements than pharmacologic prevention alone
— id: 34130, year: 2003, vol: 82, page: 164, stat: Journal Article,

Evolution of the Koch model of the biomechanics of the hip: clinical perspective
Fetto, Joseph; Leali, Alex; Moroz, Alex
2002 ;7(6):724-730, Journal of orthopaedic science
Over the past several decades numerous researchers have revisited the model of the biomechanics of the hip first predicated by John Koch in 1917. The contributions of Blount (1956), Frankel (1960), Pauwels (1976), Toridis (1969), Rybicki (1972), Fetto (1994, 1995), Ling (1996), and Lu (1997, 1998) among others created a more complete picture. The present article briefly reviews the previous biomechanical concept and its clinical inconsistencies and offers a model that includes the dynamic and static input of the soft tissues. The action of the iliotibial band (ITB) and the vastus lateralis-gluteus medius complex (as static and dynamic tension bands lateral to the femur) counterbalance the varus bending torque of the loads acting on the hip, transforming the tensile stresses in the lateral femur (as hypothesized by Koch) into compressive stresses. The inclusion of the soft tissues, extending the previous model, widens our understanding of the forces acting on the hip. Thus, a variety of clinical observations can be better explained in a comprehensive theoretical framework
— id: 33059, year: 2002, vol: 7, page: 724, stat: Journal Article,

Musculoskeletal examination
Gross, Jeffrey M.; Fetto, Joseph; Rosen, Elaine
Malden, Mass. : Blackwell, c2002,
— id: 733, year: 2002, vol: , page: , stat: ,

Prevencion de trombosis venosa profunda y tromboembolisma pulmonar despues de cirurgias de reemplazo articular
Leali A; Fetto J; Moroz A; Kieran O
2002 ;67(1):16-20, Revista de la Asociacion Argentina de Orthopedia y Traumatologia
— id: 33068, year: 2002, vol: 67, page: 16, stat: Journal Article,

Prevention of thromboembolic disease after non-cemented hip arthroplasty. A multimodal approach
Leali, A; Fetto, J; Moroz, A
2002 Apr;68(2):128-134, Acta orthopaedica Belgica
Thromboembolism following total hip arthroplasty is a common complication that may result in significant morbidity and mortality. Despite this, optimal prophylactic regimen is controversial. We investigated the efficacy of a comprehensive approach encompassing the use of aspirin, intermittent compression devices ('foot pumps'), and early mobilization in a cohort of 200 consecutive patients after non-cemented total hip replacements. The surgical procedures were carried out under epidural anesthesia in most cases (91%). All patients were allowed full weight bearing and received ambulation training starting on the first post-operative day. Ankle-high pneumatic boots ('foot pumps') and aspirin (325 mg p.o./qd) were used immediately after surgery. The presence of deep vein thrombosis was determined with the routine use of venous duplex scans on post-operative day number 5 to 10 (mean 6.8). The duration of the follow-up was 3 months. No patients were lost to follow-up. Four distal DVT's (2%) were detected in three patients. None of the patients developed symptomatic pulmonary embolism during the follow-up period. There were no major wound complications. Venous thromboembolic disease after hip replacement surgery is largely associated with postoperative immobilization and venous stasis. It is the authors' opinion that a prevention strategy should include mechanical as well as pharmacological measures. The concomitant use of epidural anesthesia, 'foot pumps', aspirin and early full weight bearing ambulation may be effective in further reducing the incidence of DVT after surgery
— id: 32121, year: 2002, vol: 68, page: 128, stat: Journal Article,

Biostructural augmentation for the treatment of osteonecrosis: rationale, technique, and case example
Leali, Alex; Fetto, Joseph; Hale, James J
2002 Fall;11(3):167-171, Journal of the Southern Orthopaedic Association
Avascular necrosis of the hip is a common disease that usually affects a young and active patient population. As the disease progresses, the undermined structural integrity of the subchondral bone leads to articular collapse and subsequent osteoarthrosis. The ideal treatment is one that hinders or arrests the progression of the disease, averting articular collapse and joint replacement surgery. A surgical strategy is described that attempts to address the multiple factors involved in the progression of the disease. This is accomplished through a modified core decompression procedure combined with the insertion of two interference screws into the subchondral plate to provide structural support and the use of osteoinductive material (i.e., demineralized bone matrix) in an effort to accelerate the bone healing process
— id: 36574, year: 2002, vol: 11, page: 167, stat: Journal Article,

The effect of a lateral flare feature on implant stability
Leali, Alex; Fetto, Joseph; Insler, Harvey; Elfenbein, David
2002 ;26(3):166-169, International orthopaedics
We reviewed the X-rays of 109 patients with 115 primary total hip replacements utilizing a lateral flare cementless stem to assess axial migration and stability. The average follow-up was 48.6 (24-104) months. The average subsidence at 2 years was 0.32 mm, remaining at a level below 1 mm for the duration of the follow-up. Even though there were ten reoperations involving either the change of a polyethylene liner and the acetabular component, or both, none of the patients required a femoral stem revision. It was concluded that the proximal geometry of the stem provides significant initial stability, which seems to be preserved throughout a long follow-up period
— id: 36575, year: 2002, vol: 26, page: 166, stat: Journal Article,

Chondropathia patellae
Soren A; Fetto JF
1997 ;116(6-7):362-366, Archives of orthopaedic & trauma surgery
The articular surface of the patella and the contiguous articular surfaces of the femoral condyles are sometimes affected by disintegrational changes of the articular cartilage, which remain localized there for a longer period of time. In consideration of the pronounced functional impairment arising at marked changes of these articular surfaces, resection of the patellar surface, metallic resurfacing of the patella, periosteal resurfacing of the patella, or patellectomy have been described as treatment by various authors. Most of these modalities were followed by shortcomings of the results, as indicated in pertinent follow-up examinations and reports. Thus, a more physiological modality of treatment, organic resurfacing of the patella with synovial tissue, was applied in 7 patients and led to satisfactory results as ascertained by long-term follow-up examinations
— id: 7261, year: 1997, vol: 116, page: 362, stat: Journal Article,

Musculoskeletal examination
Gross, Jeffrey; Fetto, Joseph; Rosen, Elaine
Cambridge, Mass., USA : Blackwell Science, c1996,
— id: 694, year: 1996, vol: , page: , stat: ,

Contracture of the shoulder joint
Soren A; Fetto JF
1996 ;115(5):270-272, Archives of orthopaedic & trauma surgery
The movements of the shoulder joint may sometimes be markedley limited due to posttraumatic or inflammatory changes in the shoulder joint or in adjacent organs, a condition designated as contracture of the shoulder joint or frozen shoulder. The routine treatment consists of positioning the arm as often as possible in abduction, and of diligent active and passive mobilization exercises. In those patients who started the treatment after a long delay so that the articular as well as the periarticular tissues were very shrunken, manipulation of the shoulder joint was carried out under general anesthesia this led to the return of full motion of the joint in the great majority of these patients. However, in those patients who did not benefit by manipulation, surgical revision of the joint and of periarticular structures was carried out for excision of all scarified tissues. The result was restoration of the mobility of the joint to an adequate although not total range
— id: 12680, year: 1996, vol: 115, page: 270, stat: Journal Article,

Reexamination of hip biomechanics during unilateral stance
Fetto, J F; Bettinger, P; Austin, K
1995 Aug;24(8):605-612, American journal of orthopedics (Belle Mead, NJ)
The Koch model, as initially proposed, is an incomplete representation of hip biomechanics during the unilateral support phase of midstance. The model proposed by this study includes the iliotibial band as a tension band lateral to the femoral shaft. During the unilateral support phase of gait, the iliotibial band creates compression loading laterally and medially throughout the femur distal to the greater trochanteric apophysis. Bench testing of cadaveric femora with and without protheses demonstrated the necessity of a total hip replacement femoral component to engage the proximal lateral femoral cortex as an additional area of support against subsidence. This model, byproviding a more complete and accurate depiction of hip biomechanics, creates a more valid basis for analysis of hip function
— id: 75404, year: 1995, vol: 24, page: 605, stat: Journal Article,

A missing link in the evolution of THR: "discovery" of the lateral femur
Fetto JF; Austin KS
1994 Apr;17(4):347-351, Orthopedics (Thorofare NJ)
Using cadaveric studies and mathematical models that include consideration of the iliotibial band (ITB) as a 'tension band,' the authors have demonstrated that compression loading occurs throughout the entire lateral femoral cortex from the apophyseal line of the greater trochanter to the lateral femoral epicondyle at the knee. This model suggests that the magnitude of this load on the medial and lateral cortices is proportional to the medial displacement of these cortices from the ITB. The authors have further demonstrated that the 'tension band' model is more consistent with actual bone morphology and function than existing models and is a strong argument for the incorporation of design concepts such as lateral extensions into total hip arthroplasty femoral components. Such extensions would permit use of lateral femoral cortical bone as an additional base of prosthesis support, distributing loads over a greater area of the proximal femur. This model, therefore, would theoretically reduce the areas of stress concentration in diaphyseal bone and stress shielding of the proximal femur, both of which appear to be deficiencies of present femoral stem designs
— id: 18660, year: 1994, vol: 17, page: 347, stat: Journal Article,

The anterior cruciate ligament-deficient knee: a diagnostic and therapeutic algorithm
Saperstein AL; Fetto JF
1992 Nov;21(11):1297-1305, Orthopaedic review
The anterior cruciate ligament (ACL) of the knee is a common site of sports-related injury. The natural history of chronic instability, reinjury, and further intra-articular damage is well documented. Appropriate management of ACL insufficiency must be based upon a knowledge of the available diagnostic and therapeutic options, their indications, and their effectiveness. At the same time, the treatment plan must be tailored to the demands and expectations of the individual patient
— id: 13369, year: 1992, vol: 21, page: 1297, stat: Journal Article,

Functional outcome of hip fusion in the young patient. Follow-up study of 10 patients
Roberts CS; Fetto JF
1990 Mar;5(1):89-96, Journal of arthroplasty
In the young patient, an osteoarthritic or osteonecrotic hip presents a challenging therapeutic problem. Until the long-term results of noncemented total hip arthroplasty are known, hip fusion provides an option to cemented total hip arthroplasty in the young patient with hip disease. The authors describe the outcome of hip fusion in 10 patients with an average follow-up period of 8.5 years. Seventy percent of the patients had a good or very good result with pain relief, and 90% or more had a good or excellent functional result with support aids, ambulation, and climbing stairs. All 10 patients were subjectively satisfied with their hip fusion. A lower incidence of pain in the contralateral hip, ipsilateral knee, and lower back was noted at 8.5 years than that reported at long-term follow-up evaluation and was associated with a satisfactory anatomic position of hip arthrodesis
— id: 18661, year: 1990, vol: 5, page: 89, stat: Journal Article,

Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the distal fibula: a case report
Uhl RL; Segalman KA; Fetto J; Present D
1990 Fall;50(2):183-188, Bulletin of the Hospital for Joint Diseases Orthopaedic Institute
A 25-year-old female with primary malignant fibrous histiocytoma of the distal fibula is presented. Malignant fibrous histiocytoma of bone is a rare primary bone tumor in this anatomic location. Careful preoperative staging studies and neoadjunct chemotherapy permitted an unusual resection to be performed resulting in successful limb salvage for the patient
— id: 18662, year: 1990, vol: 50, page: 183, stat: Journal Article,

Team physician #6. Surgical treatment of Achilles tendon rupture
Roberts C; Rosenblum S; Uhl R; Fetto J
1989 Apr;18(4):513-516, Orthopaedic review
The ideal treatment of Achilles tendon ruptures has always been controversial. Nonoperative treatment has been criticized for its high rerupture rate and surgical treatment has been criticized for its high complication rate. This paper describes a surgical method of repair that can be used for acute or late ruptures, and has been associated with a low complication and rerupture rate
— id: 10683, year: 1989, vol: 18, page: 513, stat: Journal Article,

Neurilemoma in the distal part of the thigh. A case report
Roberts CS; Fetto JF; Fay CM
1989 Aug;71(7):1082-1083, Journal of bone & joint surgery (American volume)
— id: 10527, year: 1989, vol: 71, page: 1082, stat: Journal Article,

Low-intensity pulsed galvanic current and the healing of tenotomized rat achilles tendons: preliminary report using load-to-breaking measurements
Owoeye I; Spielholz NI; Fetto J; Nelson AJ
1987 Jul;68(7):415-418, Archives of physical medicine & rehabilitation
The possible beneficial effects of low-intensity, pulsed galvanic currents on the healing of tenotomized Achilles tendons was investigated in three groups (20 animals each) of male Sprague-Dawley rats. Treatments via implanted electrodes were given once daily for 15 minutes over a two-week period. Although a portable high-voltage galvanic stimulator was used, stimulus intensity was only 75 microA at a frequency of 10/sec. Tendons were tested after two weeks for the load required to rebreak them at the original tenotomy site. The group treated with anodal current withstood significantly greater loads (p less than 0.001) than did either the group which healed normally (ie, without stimulation) or the group treated with cathodal current
— id: 18663, year: 1987, vol: 68, page: 415, stat: Journal Article,

Injury to the anterior cruciate ligament producing the pivot-shift sign
Fetto JF; Marshall JL
1979 Jul;61(5):710-714, Journal of bone & joint surgery (American volume)
The clinical entity termed the pivot shift was studied in cadaver specimens and its significance was evaluated. It was found to be highly correlated with a tear of the anterior cruciate ligament, and it corresponded to a sudden anterior-internal rotation subluxation-dislocation of the tibia and posterior horn of the lateral meniscus beneath the lateral femoral condyle
— id: 18664, year: 1979, vol: 61, page: 710, stat: Journal Article,

An anomalous attachment of the popliteus tendon to the lateral meniscus. Case report
Fetto JF; Marshall JL; Ghelman B
1977 Jun;59(4):548-549, Journal of bone & joint surgery (American volume)
— id: 18665, year: 1977, vol: 59, page: 548, stat: Journal Article,