Norman C Charles, M.D.

Signet Cell Adenocarcinoma of the Rectum Metastatic to the Orbit
Charles NC; Ng DD; Zoumalan CI
2011 Jan;28(1):e1-e2, Ophthalmic plastic & reconstructive surgery
A 24-year-old man developed abdominal carcinomatosis from signet cell carcinoma of the rectum. His only distal metastasis involved the superior orbit. Orbital pathology showed signet cells with a characteristic immunopathologic pattern. No hereditary syndrome was found. The authors identified only 5 cases in the literature describing colorectal adenocarcinoma metastatic to the orbit, with 2 showing histopathology. The authors believe that this rare case represents the first illustrating bona fide signet cell colorectal cancer involving the orbit
— id: 129073, year: 2011, vol: 28, page: e1, stat: Journal Article,

A time and place for brand names
Charles, Norman C
2010 Jul;128(7):945-945, Archives of ophthalmology
— id: 110879, year: 2010, vol: 128, page: 945, stat: Journal Article,

Subperiosteal orbital fibroma
Charles, Norman C; Lisman, Richard D; Lelli, Gary J Jr
2008 Nov-Dec;39(6):517-518, Ophthalmic surgery, lasers & imaging
A patient noting a slowly enlarging bump at the orbital rim underwent surgical excision of the lesion. Pathologic examination showed a benign fibroma, a lesion that to the authors' knowledge has never been previously reported in this location
— id: 95885, year: 2008, vol: 39, page: 517, stat: Journal Article,

Surgical management of conjunctival loiasis
Nam, Julie N; Reddy, Shantan; Charles, Norman C
2008 Jul-Aug;24(4):316-317, Ophthalmic plastic & reconstructive surgery
An increase in world travel has resulted in the appearance of tropical and third-world diseases in nonendemic locations. We report a case from New York City of an adult African eye worm, Loa loa, and the technique of its paralysis and removal from the epibulbar conjunctiva
— id: 81350, year: 2008, vol: 24, page: 316, stat: Journal Article,

Epibulbar conjunctival fibroma
Charles, Norman C; Ostriker, Glenn E
2007 May-Jun;23(3):249-250, Ophthalmic plastic & reconstructive surgery
A nodular, epibulbar mass appearing in an adult woman without antecedent inflammation or injury prompted concern for possible malignancy. Excision was performed, and pathologic examination demonstrated a conjunctival fibroma. The rarity of the fibroma and its clinical similarity to other benign or malignant tumors render its clinical diagnosis elusive
— id: 73112, year: 2007, vol: 23, page: 249, stat: Journal Article,

Moll gland neoplasms of the eyelid: a clinical and pathological spectrum in 5 cases
Barker-Griffith, Ann E; Streeten, Barbara W; Charles, Norman C
2006 Nov;124(11):1645-1649, Archives of ophthalmology
— id: 81347, year: 2006, vol: 124, page: 1645, stat: Journal Article,

Ganciclovir implant
Charles, Norman C
2006 May;113(5):888-888, Ophthalmology
— id: 81345, year: 2006, vol: 113, page: 888, stat: Journal Article,

Carcinoma of the lacrimal canaliculus masquerading as canaliculitis
Charles, Norman C; Lisman, Richard D; Mittal, Khushbakhat R
2006 Mar;124(3):414-416, Archives of ophthalmology
— id: 62771, year: 2006, vol: 124, page: 414, stat: Journal Article,

Photo essay: bilateral sclerosing orbital pseudotumor with intracranial spread
Charles, Norman C; Turbin, Roger E
2003 Mar;121(3):412-413, Archives of ophthalmology
— id: 43018, year: 2003, vol: 121, page: 412, stat: Journal Article,

Herpes simplex type 2 membraneous conjunctivitis in acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Charles NC; Akhtar S
2002 ;20:342-344, Ophthalmic practice
— id: 43019, year: 2002, vol: 20, page: 342, stat: Journal Article,

Endophthalmitis associated with extrusion of a ganciclovir implant
Charles, Norman C; Freisberg, Lars
2002 Feb;133(2):273-275, American journal of ophthalmology
PURPOSE: To report a case of endophthalmitis with associated scleral defect after intravitreal positioning of a ganciclovir implant. METHOD: Interventional case report. A 39-year-old woman developed acute endophthalmitis 1 month after insertion of a ganciclovir implant. The eye was enucleated. RESULTS: Pathologic examination of the enucleated globe revealed an intrascleral location of the implant suture tab and a vitreous abscess. CONCLUSION: Intraocular infection resulted from a scleral gap containing a foreign body (surgical implant). Appropriate surgical techniques should minimize the risk of ganciclovir implant extrusion
— id: 81337, year: 2002, vol: 133, page: 273, stat: Journal Article,

Intraosseous hemangioma of the orbit
Charles, Norman C; Lisman, Richard D
2002 Jul-Aug;33(4):326-328, Ophthalmic surgery & lasers
A case of intraosseous orbital hemangioma is reported to alert surgeons to possible intraoperative hemorrhage during excision of such a lesion. A slowly enlarging mass was excised from the orbital rim of a 49-year-old woman. The clinical diagnosis was not suspected. In retrospect, roentgenographic findings included a focal honeycombed pattern of the zygomatic bone. Surgery was complicated by persistent low-volume bleeding. Histology showed endothelial-lined blood-filled channels within the bone. Intraosseous orbital hemangioma is a rare, benign neoplasm that can often be diagnosed clinically by characteristic roentgenographic findings. Observation should be considered as a therapeutic alternative when the radiographic diagnosis is established and when ocular function is not compromised
— id: 62769, year: 2002, vol: 33, page: 326, stat: Journal Article,

A comparative study of pterygium excision with intraoperative Mitomycin C with and without a rotational conjunctival graft
Shah, CS; Jacobson, L; Stein, J; Charles, N; Pappen, B
2001 MAR 15 ;42(4):S28-S28, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science. IOVS
— id: 54967, year: 2001, vol: 42, page: S28, stat: Journal Article,

Intramuscular lipoma of the eyelid [In Process Citation]
Charles NC; Palu RN
2000 Jul-Aug;31(4):340-341, Ophthalmic surgery & lasers
To report a unique case of intramuscular lipoma of the eyelid and to alert surgeons to this entity that simulates a common dermoid cyst. A slowly-growing mass of the upper eyelid was excised from a 62-year-old man. Histology showed mature lipocytes interspersed with skeletal muscle. To our knowledge, this case represents the first report of intramuscular lipoma of the eyelid. Lipomas, including the intramuscular variety, are common tumors elsewhere in the body. The differential diagnosis of eyelid masses should include this entity
— id: 11565, year: 2000, vol: 31, page: 340, stat: Journal Article,

Band-shaped and whorled microcystic dystrophy of the corneal epithelium
Charles NC; Young JA; Kumar A; Grossniklaus HE; Palay DA; Bowers J; Green WR
2000 Sep;107(9):1761-1764, Ophthalmology
OBJECTIVE: To report the clinical, histopathologic, and electron microscopic features of band-shaped and whorled microcystic corneal epithelial dystrophy. DESIGN: Two interventional case reports. PARTICIPANTS: Two patients, two eyes. INTERVENTION: The involved area of corneal epithelium was scraped from each cornea. RESULTS: Histopathologic examination showed microscopic vacuoles in the epithelial cytoplasm in both cases. Electron microscopic examination revealed mainly empty cytoplasmic vacuoles with scant nonspecific osmophilic material. The process recurred clinically in one patient. Changes in corneal topography are documented in one patient. CONCLUSION: Clinical findings and pathologic studies seem nearly identical to those in the original report. No pattern of systemic disorder or medication use was found. The cause of this condition remains unknown
— id: 11524, year: 2000, vol: 107, page: 1761, stat: Journal Article,

Hemangiopericytoma of the lacrimal sac
Charles NC; Palu RN; Jagirdar JS
1998 Dec;116(12):1677-1680, Archives of ophthalmology
Hemangiopericytoma (HPCT) rarely originates in the lacrimal sac; 7 cases have been reported previously and only 1 contained an ultrastructural study. In this article we report an additional case and review the previous reports. While the initial biopsy specimen showed nonspecific cytologic abnormalities, light and electron microscopic studies on the subsequently excised tumor demonstrated that it had a structure characteristic of HPCT. The onset of lacrimal sac HPCT occurs in a younger age group than that of HPCT of other orbital locations. The tumor may recur locally but, to our knowledge, never has been reported to metastasize from a sac location. The treatment goal is complete surgical excision
— id: 7312, year: 1998, vol: 116, page: 1677, stat: Journal Article,

Conjunctival neurilemoma. Report of 3 cases
Charles NC; Fox DM; Avendano JA; Marroquin LS; Appleman W
1997 Apr;115(4):547-549, Archives of ophthalmology
Neurilemoma (schwannoma) of the conjunctiva is a rare ocular tumor. We report 3 cases of benign conjunctival neurilemoma occurring in women without other ocular or systemic disease. Two of these tumors arose from the bulbar conjunctiva and 1 from the tarsal conjunctiva. Immunoperoxidase staining for S-100 protein was positive in each case
— id: 12338, year: 1997, vol: 115, page: 547, stat: Journal Article,

Epibulbar granular cell tumor. Report of a case and review of the literature
Charles NC; Fox DM; Glasberg SS; Sawicki J
1997 Sep;104(9):1454-1456, Ophthalmology
BACKGROUND: The granular cell tumor (GCT) is a common, usually benign, neoplasm of uncertain histogenesis that may affect any organ in the body. It occurs rarely in ophthalmic sites, where orbital location is most frequent. The purpose of this report is to describe a unique case of an epibulbar, subconjunctival GCT in a child. METHOD: Histopathologic examination of the excised tumor included standard and immunohistochemical staining of formaldehyde-fixed, paraffin-embedded tissue. RESULTS: Histopathologic study showed the characteristic morphology of GCT. Immunohistochemistry was strongly positive for vimentin, weakly and partly positive for neuron-specific enolase, and negative for S-100 and HAM-56. CONCLUSIONS: Granular cell tumor must be added to the differential diagnosis of epibulbar masses. Immunohistochemistry of the tumor in this case suggests an uncommitted mesenchymal cell origin
— id: 7128, year: 1997, vol: 104, page: 1454, stat: Journal Article,

Ganciclovir intraocular implant. A clinicopathologic study [see comments]
Charles NC; Steiner GC
1996 Mar;103(3):416-421, Ophthalmology
BACKGROUND: Surgical implantation of the intraocular sustained-release ganciclovir device is a safe and effective treatment for cytomegalovirus (CMV) retinitis. Previous histopathologic studies on eyes containing such implants have been limited by the necessity of removing the device before processing. Microtome sectioning of hard plastics within paraffin-embedded blocks is infeasible, and the anatomic relations of implant to eye are destroyed. METHODS: The authors studied four eyes from three patients who had undergone implant insertion. Globes with implants in place were fixed in neutral 10% formation, embedded in methylmethacrylate, sectioned on a special microtome, and stained with hematoxylin-eosin. RESULTS: After methacrylate embedding, the precise anatomic relations of the implant to the neighboring uveoscleral coats were preserved. In two eyes, the suture tab of the implant protruded through the sclera, exiting subconjunctivally. In two eyes, the implant was totally intravitreal. In all patients, the device was supported by fibrous tissue which emanated from a surgical coloboma of the pars plana ciliaris. Focal granulomatous inflammation adjoined suture and implant materials but no other inflammation or deleterious effects on the ocular structures were noted. CONCLUSION: This report is the first to document the intraocular histopathology of the ganciclovir implant. The subconjunctival location, enhancing the potential for endophthalmitis, may be avoided by trimming of the suture tab close to the anchoring suture and not tying it too tightly. Methylmethacrylate embedding is a useful technique for preserving the microanatomy of intraocular implants
— id: 8058, year: 1996, vol: 103, page: 416, stat: Journal Article,

Calcific phacolysis. Salvageable vision following treatment
Charles NC; Rabin S
1995 Jun;113(6):786-788, Archives of ophthalmology
Calcific phacolysis has been previously described histopathologically in the enucleated eyes of three patients with unilateral posttraumatic total blindness. Each eye showed dissolution of a mature cataractous lens with dispersion of calcific lens material throughout the globe. We studied a patient in whom the signs of calcific phacolysis developed 19 months following intraoperative dislocation of a cataract into the vitreous. Partial removal of calcific particles was achieved by subtotal vitrectomy and lensectomy, with subsequent penetrating keratoplasty. Corneal histopathological findings showed a deposition of calcified lens particles between Descemet's membrane and retrocorneal fibrous membrane. Despite diffuse retinal calcification, the patient's visual acuity was 20/400. To our knowledge, this is the first report of calcific phacolysis occurring after surgical dislocation of a cataract into the vitreous and wherein treatment resulted in some preservation of vision. Early diagnosis and aggressive therapy may improve the visual prognosis in this condition
— id: 6592, year: 1995, vol: 113, page: 786, stat: Journal Article,

Calcific phacolysis
Scroggs MW; Proia AD; Charles NC; Helms HA; Klintworth GK
1993 Mar;100(3):377-383, Ophthalmology
BACKGROUND AND METHODS: The authors report the clinical and ocular histopathologic findings in three patients with longstanding unilateral post-traumatic blindness. After one or more decades, acute pain associated with conjunctival hyperemia and apparent keratoprecipitates or a hypopyon developed in the affected eye of each individual. Phacoanaphylaxis was diagnosed preoperatively in two patients. RESULTS: Calcified granular lens fragments were dispersed throughout all three eyes. The anterior chamber in all patients contained extracellular calcified lens particles, but only one eye contained conspicuous macrophages. Two eyes showed elevated intraocular pressure (IOP), and in one patient calcified particles extended into a glaucomatous optic nerve head. CONCLUSION: To the authors' knowledge, this is the first report describing a rare condition involving the intraocular dispersal of calcified lens particles after disruption of the lens capsule. The authors have designated this entity as calcific phacolysis
— id: 62770, year: 1993, vol: 100, page: 377, stat: Journal Article,

Pyogenic granuloma after transconjunctival blepharoplasty: a case report
Soll SM; Lisman RD; Charles NC; Palu RN
1993 Dec;9(4):298-301, Ophthalmic plastic & reconstructive surgery
This is the first known report of a relatively large postoperative pyogenic granuloma developing after a nonsutured transconjunctival blepharoplasty. Inflammation and separation or malapposition of the conjunctival wound edges probably permitted the lesion to proliferate in the inferior fornix. No foreign material could be implicated because no suture was used to close this incision. Additionally, Polydek suture material (braided polyester fiber) was associated with the complication of a suture tract and granuloma when used for a tarsal suspension procedure for ectropion repair in this patient
— id: 35862, year: 1993, vol: 9, page: 298, stat: Journal Article,

Cryptococcosis of the anterior segment in acquired immune deficiency syndrome
Charles NC; Boxrud CA; Small EA
1992 May;99(5):813-816, Ophthalmology
Cryptococcosis is a rare form of human ocular infection, usually occurring in immunocompromised patients. Unilateral or bilateral posterior segment involvement is the rule. The authors describe a unique case of intraocular cryptococcosis presenting as an iris inflammatory mass in a patient with acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Diagnosis was established by anterior chamber paracentesis and confirmed by histopathologic examination of the enucleated eye
— id: 13607, year: 1992, vol: 99, page: 813, stat: Journal Article,

Epibulbar molluscum contagiosum in acquired immune deficiency syndrome. Case report and review of the literature
Charles NC; Friedberg DN
1992 Jul;99(7):1123-1126, Ophthalmology
BACKGROUND: While molluscum contagiosum of the eyelid skin is commonly complicated by conjunctivitis, primary involvement of the conjunctiva or cornea by molluscum lesions is exceedingly rare. The authors studied a 34-year-old man with acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS) in whom multiple molluscum lesions of the lids and a single nodule of the limbus developed. METHODS: The nodular lesion was excised from the limbus and processed for histologic examination by light microscopy. Pertinent literature concerning epibulbar molluscum contagiosum was reviewed. RESULTS: Histopathology of the excised lesion showed molluscum bodies within the acanthotic, hyperkeratotic conjunctival epithelium with surrounding chronic, nongranulomatous inflammation. Only 10 previous cases of conjunctival or corneal primary lesions have been reported, half of which showed associated cutaneous involvement. Lesions tended to be single, noninflamed, dome-shaped, and umbilicated, often with a yellowish central core. Patients were otherwise well and ranged in age from 3 to 55 years. Simple excision was effective in eradicating the lesions. CONCLUSION: Primary epibulbar molluscum contagiosum is rare. Although cutaneous molluscum is common in AIDS, this report is the first to document conjunctival molluscum in a patient with AIDS
— id: 13543, year: 1992, vol: 99, page: 1123, stat: Journal Article,

Microsporidial keratoconjunctivitis in acquired immunodeficiency syndrome
Friedberg DN; Stenson SM; Orenstein JM; Tierno PM; Charles NC
1990 Apr;108(4):504-508, Archives of ophthalmology
We describe three patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome who presented with a bilateral coarse superficial epithelial keratitis due to infection with the protozoal parasite Microspora, Encephalitozoon cuniculi. Despite the extent of the corneal surface disease, conjunctival inflammation was minimal. Visual acuity ranged from 20/20 to 20/200. In one patient, the keratitis was complicated by the development of a surface defect with secondary Pseudomonas species infection. All patients had a history of exposure to household pets. Standard cultures were negative. Diagnosis was established in two of the three cases based on characteristic appearance of the protozoan in conjunctival scrapings. Electron microscopy of a conjunctival biopsy specimen in one patient confirmed the species. No recognized effective treatment is available for this infection
— id: 14740, year: 1990, vol: 108, page: 504, stat: Journal Article,

A rare case of 68,XX triploidy diagnosed by amniocentesis
Kaffe, S; Eliasen, C; Wan, L; Charles, N; Jansen, V; Greco, M A; Hsu, L Y
1989 Dec;9(12):857-861, Prenatal diagnosis
68,XX triploidy was found in the amniotic fluid cell culture of a 40-year-old patient. Elective termination of the pregnancy revealed a fetus with multiple congenital anomalies. While this case does show some common features with monosomy X, a greater similarity to the triploidy syndrome is observed
— id: 136581, year: 1989, vol: 9, page: 857, stat: Journal Article,

Congenital idiopathic corneal endotheliopathy
Scott DR; Pepose JS; Lee SF; Charles NC; Cykiert RC; Barraquer J; de la Cruz Z; Green WR
1989 Aug;107(8):1186-1192, Archives of ophthalmology
Two unrelated boys had a history of bilateral corneal clouding at birth following uncomplicated full-term gestations and spontaneous vaginal deliveries (without forceps). Clinical examinations disclosed bilateral corneal edema, no inflammation, and normal intraocular pressures. There was no history of similarly affected family members. The patients underwent penetrating keratoplasty at ages 4 months (patient 1) and 12 years (patient 2). Light and electron microscopic studies of the corneal buttons from both patients revealed areas of degeneration of the endothelium and separation of rounded endothelial cells. The morphologic features were strikingly similar to those in two acquired forms of corneal disorders--autoimmune endotheliopathy and 'acute endotheliitis.' Immunocytologic and in situ hybridization studies for herpes simplex virus were not consistent with either productive or latent corneal infection. Ultrastructural changes in Descemet's membrane reflect delayed or abnormal development of the postnatal nonbanded layer in patients 1 and 2, respectively. These suggest an intrauterine insult that resulted in endothelial dysfunction. The histologic and ultrastructural features of these two congenital cases are not typical of those seen in any of the recognized causes of congenital corneal clouding. We propose that these cases represent a unique congenital corneal endotheliopathy of undetermined origin
— id: 26000, year: 1989, vol: 107, page: 1186, stat: Journal Article,

Sympathetic ophthalmia
Charles NC
1987 ;7:239-245, Advances in ophthalmic plastic & reconstructive surgery
Sympathetic ophthalmia is a bilateral diffuse granulomatous panuveitis occurring after accidental or surgical penetrating injury to one eye. Onset of sympathetic ophthalmia may occur as early as 5 days or as late as 42 years following the injury
— id: 11407, year: 1987, vol: 7, page: 239, stat: Journal Article,

NEOPLASTIC ANGIOENDOTHELIOMATOSIS - A VARIANT OF MALIGNANT-LYMPHOMA IMMUNOHISTOCHEMICAL AND ULTRASTRUCTURAL OBSERVATIONS OF 3 CASES
ELNER, VM; HIDAYAT, AA; CHARLES, NC; DAVITZ, MA; SMITH, ME; BURGESS, D; DAWSON, N
1986 SEP ;93(9):1237-1245, Ophthalmology
— id: 41548, year: 1986, vol: 93, page: 1237, stat: Journal Article,

Retinal and optic nerve findings in Goldenhar-Gorlin syndrome
Margolis S; Aleksic S; Charles N; McCarthy J; Greco A; Budzilovich G
1984 Nov;91(11):1327-1333, Ophthalmology
Involvement of the posterior segment of the eye in Goldenhar-Gorlin syndrome is more common than is generally appreciated. We examined seven patients with this syndrome. Abnormalities included diminished visual acuity, tilted optic disc, optic nerve hypoplasia, tortuous retinal vessels, macular hypoplasia and heterotopia, microphthalmia and anophthalmia. In one case, pathologic study showed agenesis of the optic nerve. It is proposed that retinal, optic nerve and craniofacial abnormalities in this condition may reflect an asynchrony in the migration of the neural crest cells in the early stages of embryonal development
— id: 63352, year: 1984, vol: 91, page: 1327, stat: Journal Article,

Pilocytic astrocytoma of the optic nerve with hemorrhage and extreme cystic degeneration
Charles NC; Nelson L; Brookner AR; Lieberman N; Breinin GM
1981 Nov;92(5):691-695, American journal of ophthalmology
Juvenile pilocytic astrocytoma of the optic nerve (glioma of childhood) usually grows slowly. Rapidly evolving proptosis is rare and reflects the accumulation of mucinous or hemorrhagic material within the tumor. Rapid proptosis is more common in those patients beyond the first two decades of life who have long-standing tumors. We studied a 26-year-old woman with rapid proptosis caused by a large blood-filled cyst in a pilocytic astrocytoma of the optic nerve. The cyst was surgically removed along with the intraorbital portion of the optic nerve
— id: 18224, year: 1981, vol: 92, page: 691, stat: Journal Article,

Carcinoma metastatic to the anterior ocular segment: response to chemotherapy
Sierocki, J S; Charles, N C; Schafrank, M; Wittes, R E
1980 May 15;45(10):2521-2523, Cancer
Metastatic carcinoma involving the anterior ocular segment is an exceedingly rare complication of disseminated malignant disease. Non-surgical treatment is ineffective and patients may require enucleation for relief of pain. We describe a response to chemotherapy in a patient having a metastasis from small cell carcinoma of the lung to the iris. By one month following commencement of therapy, complete gross tumor resolution had occurred
— id: 143679, year: 1980, vol: 45, page: 2521, stat: Journal Article,

Epibulbar malignant melanoma in a black patient
Charles NC; Stenson S; Taterka HB
1979 Feb;97(2):316-318, Archives of ophthalmology
— id: 44776, year: 1979, vol: 97, page: 316, stat: Journal Article,

OCULAR PATHOLOGY OF CONGENITAL VARICELLA SYNDROME
CHARLES, NC; BENNETT, TW; MARGOLIS, S
1977 ;95(11):2034-2037, Archives of ophthalmology
— id: 39922, year: 1977, vol: 95, page: 2034, stat: Journal Article,

MULTIPLE GLOMUS TUMORS OF FACE AND EYELID
Charles, NC
1976 ;94(8):1283-1285, Archives of ophthalmology
— id: 29418, year: 1976, vol: 94, page: 1283, stat: Journal Article,

RETINAL OXALOSIS IN 2 DIABETIC-PATIENTS
Friedman, AH; Charles, NC
1974 ;78(2):189-195, American journal of ophthalmology
— id: 28333, year: 1974, vol: 78, page: 189, stat: Journal Article,