Bruce I Bogart, Ph.D.

Elsevier's integrated anatomy and embryology
Bogart, Bruce Ian; Ort, Victoria H
Philadelphia : Mosby/Elsevier, 2007,
— id: 1386, year: 2007, vol: , page: , stat: ,

Is the cystatin-like domain of TSL functionally active in external ocular infections and during the normal diurnal cycle?
Sack, RA; Sathe, S; Beaton, A; Kozinski, M; Bogart, B; Lew, G; Sharma, S; Upponi, A
2004 MAR ;78(3):371-378, Experimental eye research
Purpose. To test whether the cystatin-like functional domain in tear specific lipocalin (TSL) is functionally active in tears during the normal diurnal cycle and during external ocular infections.Methods. Capillary tube collected reflex (RTF), open (OTF) and closed (CTF) eye tear samples were recovered from six normals and semi-quantitatively western blot assayed for cystatin C and TSL. CTF samples were immunoprecipitated with antibodies raised against TSL, cystatin C and other antiproteases and screened for the co-precipitation of proteases by casein and gelatin zymography. OTF samples recovered from individuals with viral, fungal and bacterial keratitis were similarly screened for TSL-bound proteases. Human tissue was subjected to immunohistochemical study.Results. Western blot analysis reveals a progressive increase in cystatin C in going from RTF to OTF to CTF samples (similar to3.7 and 30 ng mul(-1) respectively). In contrast, the concentration of TSL remains constant (similar to1500 ng mul(-1)). Immunocytochemistry data show staining of the apical surface of the human conjunctiva and some intra-cellular staining for cystatin C, but not for cystatin A. Zymography confirms earlier data that CTF contains exceptionally high levels of proteases bound to a wide range of specific inhibitors. However, only trace amounts of proteases are complexed with cystatin C and no protease can be detected bound to TSL in either the pathological or CTF samples.Conclusion. Although TSL contains a functional cystatin-like domain, it is not physiologically active during the normal diurnal cycle or during external ocular infections. Reactive proteases in CTF are most likely controlled by the presence of excess levels of more reactive cystatins, especially cystatin C, which accumulates during prolonged eye closure. Immunohistochemical data suggest that the apical conjunctiva may be a contributing source for the accumulating cystatin C. (C) 2003 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved
— id: 42470, year: 2004, vol: 78, page: 371, stat: Journal Article,

Towards a closed eye model of the pre-ocular tear layer
Sack RA; Beaton A; Sathe S; Morris C; Willcox M; Bogart B
2000 Nov;19(6):649-668, Progress in retinal & eye research
Although the tear film has been extensively studied as it exists in the open eye state, until recently very little was known as to what happens to the tear film on eye closure. Recent studies have shown that eye closure results in a profound change in the composition, origins, turnover and physiological functions of the tear film. These changes include a shift from an inducible, neurologically controlled, lacrimal secretion containing among other proteins primarily lysozyme, lactoferrin and tear specific lipocalin, to a much slower, constitutive-type of secretion, composed almost exclusively of sIgA. This change is accompanied by the build-up of sialoglycoproteins of epithelial and goblet cell origin, the build-up and activation of complement and the build-up of serum proteins. In addition, various cytokines and proinflammatory mediators accumulate, including some which are potent inducers of angiogenesis and leukochemotaxis. The closed eye also exhibits the recruitment and activation of massive numbers of PMN cells. This results in a stagnant, closed eye layer, which is extremely rich in reactive complement products, PMN cell proteases including protease-3, elastase, capthepsin G, MMP-9 and urokinase. We have postulated that this shift represents a fundamental change in host-defense strategies from a passive-barrier defense to an active immune, inflammatory, phagocyte-mediated process and that this shift is necessitated in order to protect the cornea from entrapped microorganisms.Studies have shown that autologous cell damage is avoided in closed eye tear fluid, by the accumulation of several modulators of complement activation, which shift activation towards opsonization of entrapped microorganisms and the build-up of a wide array of antiproteases. Some of the latter are likely to arise from the ocular surface tissues. Corneal neovascularization may be avoided in part by the build-up of alpha2-macroglobulin and the conversion of plasminogen to angiostatin. It is highly probable that other bioactive protein fragments are produced in the closed eye, which contribute to homeostasis. Areas of future study are indicated
— id: 18042, year: 2000, vol: 19, page: 649, stat: Journal Article,

Does tear specific lipocalin function as a cysteine protease inhibitor during the normal diurnal cycle?
Sack, RA; Beaton, BA; Sathe, S; Bogart, B
2000 MAR 15 ;41(4):S69-S69, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science. IOVS
— id: 54614, year: 2000, vol: 41, page: S69, stat: Journal Article,

Characterization and origin of major high-molecular-weight tear sialoglycoproteins
Sack RA; Bogart B; Sathe S; Beaton A; Lew G
1998 ;438:235-238, Advances in experimental medicine & biology
— id: 57300, year: 1998, vol: 438, page: 235, stat: Journal Article,

Lipocalin as a component of human tears surface active substances
Bogart, BI; Lew, G; Sathe, S; Sack, R
1997 MAR 15 ;38(4):4374-4374, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science. IOVS
— id: 53244, year: 1997, vol: 38, page: 4374, stat: Journal Article,

Diurnal variations in tear glycoproteins: evidence for an epithelial origin for the major non-reducible > or = 450 kDa sialoglycoprotein(s)
Sack RA; Bogart BI; Beaton A; Sathe S; Lew G
1997 Jun;16(6):577-588, Current eye research
PURPOSE: To characterize the nature and origin of changes in tear glycoproteins accompanying eye closure. METHODS: Reflex (R) and overnight closed (C) eye tears collected by capillary tubes were centrifuged with the resulting R pellets (primarily desquamated epithelial cells) and C pellets (primarily PMN and some epithelial cells) extracted in acidic PBS. Extracts and supernatants were separated by size-exclusion HPLC and/or SDS-PAGE. Gels were stained or blotted and immune- or lectin-probed. An HPLC glycoprotein fraction of > or = 450 kDa isolated from all four sources was characterized before and after partial deglycosylation, using antibodies specific to known mucin and carbohydrate epitopes. Immunofluorescence microscopy was carried out on human conjunctiva, using as probe a MAb to salivary mucin specific for a sialyl Lea epitope, which was found to cross-react specifically with the major non-reducible high molecular weight sialoglycoproteins (SGs) in tears. These SGs were immunoprecipitated and blot-probed along with tissue extracts. RESULTS: R fluid contained minor amounts of numerous glycoproteins, including probably several of inducible lacrimal secretory origin. Results confirmed sIgA as the principal source of the intense reducible glycoprotein bands common to C fluid. Smaller amounts of free secretory component and serum glycoproteins were also visualized. The HPLC fraction (> or = 450 kDa) consisted of four major non-reducible glycoproteins. In R fluid, this fraction (< 1% total protein) consisted primarily of two entities: a 450-500 kDa SG and a larger asialoglycoprotein. The SG accounts for as much as 85% of the total protein in the R pellet extract. C fluid was associated with a selective increase in SGs and a shift in distribution to two SGs > 500 kDa. All SGs exhibited a common antigenicity reacting specifically with the MAb for the sialyl Lea epitope. SGs indistinguishable in size and antigenicity were recovered in epithelial extracts. Immunofluorescence microscopy revealed that reactivity was localized to the epithelial plasma membrane, increasing in intensity from basal to apical cells. Although these SGs exhibited some properties in common with MUC1, immunological and other data suggest a unique SG. CONCLUSIONS: Tear glycoproteins are derived from four principal sources. In R fluid, an inducible lacrimal secretion predominates. In C fluid, a constitutive sIgA secretion predominates, augmented by a serum exudate and SGs derived at least in part from the epithelium. In R fluid and pellet extracts, the SGs consist primarily of a 450-500 kDa species that is most probably derived from the plasma membrane. Larger antigenically related SGs are prevalent in C fluid
— id: 17563, year: 1997, vol: 16, page: 577, stat: Journal Article,

Surface active proteins
Bogart, BI; Lew, G; Sathe, S; Sack, R
1996 FEB 15 ;37(3):3907-3907, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science. IOVS
— id: 53036, year: 1996, vol: 37, page: 3907, stat: Journal Article,

Evidence for a central role of transcription in the timing mechanism of a circadian clock
Khalsa SB; Whitmore D; Bogart B; Block GD
1996 Nov;271(5 Pt 1):C1646-C1651, American journal of physiology. Cell physiology
The retinal circadian clock in the isolated in vitro eye of the marine mollusc Bulla gouldiana exhibits a phase-dependent requirement for transcription. The transcription-sensitive phase extends through most of the subjective day and therefore is substantially longer than the previously reported translation-sensitive phase. Lower concentrations of transcription inhibitors yield a significant dose-dependent lengthening of circadian period. Clock motion can be stopped by a high concentration of the transcription inhibitor 5,6-dichlorobenz-imidazole riboside (DRB) when applied during the sensitive phase; after withdrawal of the inhibitor, motion resumes from the phase at which it was stopped. In a double-pulse experiment, phase shifts to light pulses applied after DRB pulses, and not during the translation-sensitive phase, indicate that the inhibition of transcription has immediate effects on the phase of the clock. These data suggest that DRB-induced phase shifts are independent of translation, which implies that the rate of transcription itself plays a significant role in the mechanism underlying the generation of the circadian cycle
— id: 18043, year: 1996, vol: 271, page: C1646, stat: Journal Article,

Characterization and origin of major non-reducing HMW tear sialoglycoproteins
Sack, RA; Bogart, B; Sathe, S; Beaton, A; Lew, G
1996 FEB 15 ;37(3):3906-3906, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science. IOVS
— id: 53035, year: 1996, vol: 37, page: 3906, stat: Journal Article,

SIGA, GLYCOPROTEINS AND SOLUBLE MUCIN IN REFLEX AND CLOSED EYE TEARS - DOES THE EPITHELIUM SHED ITS MEMBRANE-BOUND MUCIN
BOGART, B; SACK, RA; BEATON, A; LEW, G; KIM, HC
1994 MAR 15 ;35(4):1560-1560, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science. IOVS
— id: 52551, year: 1994, vol: 35, page: 1560, stat: Journal Article,

SURFACE-ACTIVE SUBSTANCES IN TEARS
BOGART, BI; LEW, G; OCONNOR, P; SACK, R
1993 MAR 15 ;34(4):1469-1469, Investigative ophthalmology & visual science. IOVS
— id: 54330, year: 1993, vol: 34, page: 1469, stat: Journal Article,

Subarachnoid injection--a potential complication of retrobulbar block
Wang BC; Bogart B; Hillman DE; Turndorf H
1989 Dec;71(6):845-847, Anesthesiology
This study was undertaken to illustrate the potential for subarachnoid injection during retrobulbar block as a cause of respiratory arrest. Cadaver orbits were used to document the connection between the optic nerve sheath and the subarachnoid space. Following dissections of the orbits on one side of 24 cadavers, the optic nerve sheaths were identified and injected with 0.5 ml of water for measurement of pressure generated during injection. This was followed by intrasheath injection of equal volume of methylene blue for demonstrating the subarachnoid space surrounding the optic nerves. All injections were performed with a 1-ml syringe with a one-and-one-half-inch 22-G needle over a period of 10 s. The blue dye was found to track along the subarachnoid space of the optic nerve sheath to the chiasmatic cistern in the middle cranial fossa. Retrobulbar injections were performed on the contralateral undissected orbits and intrascleral injections were performed on undissected eyes. The size of the syringes, the gauge of the needles, and the speed of injection were uniform for all injections. The pressure generated by injection into the optic nerve sheath or intrascleral injection (approximately 138 mmHg) was three- to fourfold that produced by injection into the retrobulbar adipose tissue (approximately 35 mmHg) (P less than 0.05). The authors conclude that any resistance encountered during retrobulbar block should serve as a warning signal, mandating redirection of the needle, in order to prevent subarachnoid injection
— id: 10415, year: 1989, vol: 71, page: 845, stat: Journal Article,

Subarachnoid injection - a potential complication of retrobulbuar block
Wang BC; Bogart BI; Hillman DE; Turndorf H
1988 ;69:A369-A369, Anesthesiology
— id: 47403, year: 1988, vol: 69, page: A369, stat: Journal Article,

Subarachnoid injection: a possible hazard during retrobulbar block
Wang BC; Bogart BI; Hillman DE; Turndorf H
1988 ;13:2S78-2S78, Regional anesthesia
— id: 47297, year: 1988, vol: 13, page: 2S78, stat: Journal Article,

High-performance liquid chromatographic fractionation and partial characterization of cystic fibrosis serum ultrafiltrates
Bogart BI; Taylor T; Lew G; Gaerlan PA; Denning CR
1986 Aug 22;381(1):29-40, Journal of chromatography
Analytical separation of serum ultrafiltrates by high-performance liquid chromatography produces a distinctive peak with a retention time of 18.5-21 min (subfraction 18.5) from cystic fibrosis serum ultrafiltrates and obligate heterozygote serum ultrafiltrates, but not in significant concentrations from control or asthmatic serum ultrafiltrates. Semipreparative separation of control serum ultrafiltrates produced a small peak with similar retention time that was approximately 1% of the arbitrary absorbance units found in this cystic fibrosis subfraction. Subfraction 18.5 had biological activity only when separated from cystic fibrosis serum ultrafiltrate, but did not contain measurable amounts of C3a des-arginine and C4a des-arginine. Subfraction 18.5 is a low-molecular-weight material (1000-1400 daltons) that contains 14.9 micrograms orcinol positive material per 50 micrograms protein. The spectrum of subfraction 18.5 indicates that it has to be purified to homogeneity
— id: 17564, year: 1986, vol: 381, page: 29, stat: Journal Article,

PARTIAL CHARACTERIZATION OF A RAT SUBMANDIBULAR-GLAND PLASMA-MEMBRANE FRACTION CAPABLE OF CALCIUM-UPTAKE
BOGART, BI; TAYLOR, TR
1983 ;97(5):A476-A476, Journal of cell biology
— id: 40499, year: 1983, vol: 97, page: A476, stat: Journal Article,

Biological activities of cystic fibrosis serum. IV. Stimulation of the calcium mediated K+ efflux from rat submandibular gland fragments
Bogart BI; Picarelli J; Gaerlan PA; Denning CR
1982 Mar;16(3):223-226, Pediatric research
Cystic fibrosis (CF) and heterozygote sera stimulate a significant K+ efflux from rat submandibular gland fragments in the presence of 1 mM ouabain. This sensitive parameter can be maximally stimulated by as little as 0.5% CF serum and is inhibited by the calcium channel blocker D600 and EGTA. Specific receptor blockers propranolol, phenoxybenzamine or atropine do not inhibit the CF serum-stimulated K+ efflux and agonists do not supramaximally stimulate K+ efflux when added with serum. CF serum-induced K+ efflux did not result in the leakage of lactic dehydrogenase into the bathing media nor did it mimic the action of the calcium ionophore A23187 when added in the presence of D600. In addition, ultrafiltrates of CF serum (less than 10,000 daltons) also stimulated K+ efflux from rat submandibular gland tissue fragments
— id: 17565, year: 1982, vol: 16, page: 223, stat: Journal Article,

ACCESSORY INTERNAL THORACIC ARTERY
Nathan, H; Rubinstein, Z; Bogart, B
1982 ;3(4):333-337, Anatomica clinica
— id: 30295, year: 1982, vol: 3, page: 333, stat: Journal Article,

Biological activities of cystic fibrosis serum. III. CF serum induced uptake of 45Ca++ by rabbit tracheal explants
Bogart BI; Conod EJ; Gaerlan PF; Denning CR; Conover J
1979 Jun 27;88(4):1398-1404, Biochemical & biophysical research communications
— id: 17566, year: 1979, vol: 88, page: 1398, stat: Journal Article,

CALCIUM DEPENDENT SECRETION IN RAT SUB-MANDIBULAR GLAND TISSUE- SLICES
Bogart, BI; Picarelli, J
1979 ;193(3):486-486, Anatomical record
— id: 30031, year: 1979, vol: 193, page: 486, stat: Journal Article,

The biologic activities of cystic fibrosis serum. II. Ultrastructural aspects of the effect of cystic fibrosis sera and calcium ionophore A23187 on rabbit tracheal explants
Bogart BI; Conod EJ; Gaerlan PF; Conover J
1978 Jan;12(1):15-24, Pediatric research
Ultrastructural and cytochemical observations indicate that both cystic fibrosis (CF) sera and calcium ionophore A23187 induce a swelling or an increase in the size and possibly the number of secondary lysosomes and an increase in mucus secretion in epithelium of the rabbit tracheal bioassay system. Extended incubation of the rabbit tracheal explants with either CF or control sera produces a cytotoxic effect on the tracheal epithelium, but only after the termination of the normal bioassay time period. Comparative ultrastructural study of the effect of both CF sera and calcium ionophore A23187 on the rabbit tracheal bioassay system indicates that increased membrane permeability to calcium may be important in the production of the ciliary dyskinesia response by CF serum factor(s) in the rabbit tracheal bioassay system
— id: 17567, year: 1978, vol: 12, page: 15, stat: Journal Article,

Agonist-induced secretions and potassium release from rat submandibular gland slices
Bogart BI; Picarelli J
1978 Nov;235(5):256-268, American journal of physiology
Secretory activity induced by stimulation of alpha-adrenergic, beta-adrenergic, and muscarinic cholingeric receptors and by dibutyryl cAMP and 8-bromo cGMP has been investigated in rat submandibular tissue slices. Isoproterenol produced a sialic acid secretion from the acinar cells that was inhibited by propranolol, but not by phenoxybenzamine or atropine. Dibutyryl cAMP produced a sialic acid secretion from the acinar cells that was not inhibited by propranolol, phenoxybenzamine, or atropine. Both norepinephrine and acetylcholine produced significant secretion of sialic acid but at a reduced efficacy. Norepinephrine stimulated both peptide hydrolase secretion from the granular duct cells and a release of K+ from the acinar cells. Both actions were inhibited by phenoxybenzamine, but not by propranolol or atropine. Acetylcholine stimulated a minimal secretion of peptide hydrolase from the granular duct cells and a significant release of K+ from the acinar cells. The norepinephrine- and acetylcholine-stimulated release of K+ was increased after the addition of 1 mM ouabain. High concentrations of 8-bromo cGMP induced a K+ efflux that was not inhibited by phenoxybenzamine or atropine. Vacuolation of the acinar cells was correlated with K+ release
— id: 8463, year: 1978, vol: 235, page: 256, stat: Journal Article,

Electron microscopic autoradiographic analysis of the uptake and intracellular transport of H3-leucine by the rat submandibular gland acinar cells in tissue slices
Bogart BI
1977 Mar;187(3):367-382, Anatomical record
Uptake of H3-leucine into secretory product and its subsequent intracellular transport was analyzed by electron microscopic autoradiographic techniques in the rat submandibular gland acinar cells in vitro. The route and kinetic timetable of intracellular transport was established for the acinar cell secretory product by calculating the present of silver grains and relative grain density associated with the various organelles on a time sequence basis. Radioactivity was first associated with the rough endoplasmic reticulum; then the convex surface of the Golgi apparatus; the concave surface of the Golgi apparatus; and finetics of intracellular transport in the rat submandibular gland acinar cell with other established systems revealed only a difference in the exit of radioactivity from the concave surface of the Golgi apparatus
— id: 17568, year: 1977, vol: 187, page: 367, stat: Journal Article,

The biologic activities of cystic fibrosis serum. I. The effects of cystic fibrosis sera and calcium ionophore A 23187 on rabbit tracheal explants
Bogart BI
1977 Feb;11(2):131-134, Pediatric research
An ionophore A23187-induced increase in membrane permeability to calcium ions in culture medium produced a rabbit tracheal mucociliary response indistinguishable from that caused by cystic fibrosis (CF) sera on three different occasions. Specific chelation of calcium ions with EGTA in the basal medium Eagle (BME) media with no additive or in native CF sera abolished the mucociliary disturbances in all cases. Increased membrane permeability to calcium may be important in the production of the mucociliary response by CF serum factor(s) in the tracheal assay system
— id: 17569, year: 1977, vol: 11, page: 131, stat: Journal Article,

Calcium flux and cystic fibrosis
Conover JH; Conod EJ; Gaerlan PF; Bogart BI
1976 Dec 18;2(7999):1362-1363, Lancet
— id: 17570, year: 1976, vol: 2, page: 1362, stat: Journal Article,

Secretory dynamics of the rat submandibular gland. An ultrastructural and cytochemical study of the isoproterenol-induced secretory cycle
Bogart BI
1975 Aug;52(2):139-155, Journal of ultrastructure research
— id: 17571, year: 1975, vol: 52, page: 139, stat: Journal Article,

Peroxisomes in inner adrenocortical cells of fetal and adult guinea pigs
Black VH; Bogart BI
1973 May;57(2):345-358, Journal of cell biology
— id: 17573, year: 1973, vol: 57, page: 345, stat: Journal Article,

Adrenergic innervation of the rat submandibular and parotid glands. An electron microscopic autoradiographic study of the uptake of tritiated norepinephrine
Bogart BI; De Lemos CL
1973 Oct;177(2):219-223, Anatomical record
— id: 17572, year: 1973, vol: 177, page: 219, stat: Journal Article,

Interaction and release of soulble immune complexes from mouse B luymphocytes
Eden A; Bianco C; Bogart B; Nussenzweig V
1973 Jun;7(3):474-483, Cellular immunology
— id: 18044, year: 1973, vol: 7, page: 474, stat: Journal Article,

The fine structural localization of acetylcholinesterase activity in the rat parotid and sublingual glands
Bogart, B I
1971 Oct;132(2):259-266, American journal of anatomy
— id: 17574, year: 1971, vol: 132, page: 259, stat: Journal Article,

The localization of phorbol ester 14C acetate in papillomas that were initiated with 7,12 DMBA and promoted with phorbol ester. An electron microscopic autoradiography study
Bogart, B; Prutkin, L; Ocken, P R
1971 Feb;56(2):140-146, Journal of investigative dermatology
— id: 18045, year: 1971, vol: 56, page: 140, stat: Journal Article,

Fine structural localization of cholinesterase activity in the rat submandibular gland
Bogart BI
1970 Oct;18(10):730-739, Journal of histochemistry & cytochemistry
— id: 17575, year: 1970, vol: 18, page: 730, stat: Journal Article,

The effect of aging on the rat submandibular gland: an ultrastructural, cytochemical and biochemical study
Bogart BI
1970 Mar;130(3):337-351, Journal of morphology
— id: 17576, year: 1970, vol: 130, page: 337, stat: Journal Article,

An ultrastructural study of the localization of acid phosphatase activity in the untreated and vitamin A acid treated keratoacanthoma
Prutkin L; Bogart B
1970 Feb;54(2):126-131, Journal of investigative dermatology
— id: 18047, year: 1970, vol: 54, page: 126, stat: Journal Article,

The uptake of labeled vitamin A acid in keratoacanthoma. An electron microscopic radioautography study
Prutkin L; Bogart B
1970 Oct;55(4):249-255, Journal of investigative dermatology
— id: 18046, year: 1970, vol: 55, page: 249, stat: Journal Article,

The fine structural localization of alkaline and acid phosphatase activity in the rat submandibular gland
Bogart BI
1968 Sep;16(9):572-581, Journal of histochemistry & cytochemistry
— id: 17577, year: 1968, vol: 16, page: 572, stat: Journal Article,